Sans contrefaçon

The song's lyrics seem to be autobiographical. Indeed, in interviews, Farmer often explained that when she was younger, a lot of people thought she was a boy[5]^[6] because of her androgynous look (she had short hair).^[7] To create even more doubt, she confessed she "put a handkerchief in her trousers", as it is said in the song's lyrics.^[8] About the period of her adolescence, Farmer said: "I was half-man, half woman, it was quite strange. I never liked playing with dolls at the dinette... I always preferred boys' games. I was not a tomboy, but a failed girl."^[9]

The song mentions the

Although the song does not deal with homosexuality, it eventually became an anthem of the gay community^[13] and contributed to rise Farmer to the status of gay icon.^[14] The music, and especially the chorus, is "catchy".^[15]

Following the song's success, a website claimed that Farmer was actually a

The video, a Polydor production, was filmed by Laurent Boutonnat about a month after the single's release. For the first time, Farmer participated in the writing of the screenplay ^[17] along with Boutonnat and initially wanted the shooting to take place in a concentration camp but this idea was rejected.^[18] The lengthy video (8'43") was shot over four days in La Hague, near Cherbourg, France,^[19] and cost about 300,000 francs (55,000 euros). It was inspired by The Adventures of Pinocchio, a novel for children by Carlo Collodi, Le Petit Cirque by Dargaud^[20] and "Les Saltimbanques", a poem by French poet Guillaume Apollinaire.^[17] In the video, the first sentence pronounced by Farmer with a small childish voice is a reference to a joke between the singer and Trillat.^[21]

It features Frédéric Lagache (the puppeteer, who also played in the video for "

The video starts with a puppet saying "Dis maman, pourquoi je suis pas un garçon?" ("Say mommy, why am I not a boy?"). Then it shows a man and his puppet (representing Farmer) who are thrown outside in the rain by two transvestites. He is kicked out of the theatre in which he performed in a show called "Sans Contrefaçon". He cleans his puppet's muddy face with utmost care and devotion and starts walking away to some desolate land. There in the middle of the misty nowhere, he encounters a troupe of athletes who are members of a circus named "Giorgino Circus." They seem to be sad, gloomy and unfriendly towards the stranger. However, a black dressed woman gives to the puppeteer a little bit of purée and he starts eating. The woman, fascinated by the doll, takes it in her arms but the other members of the circus snatch it from her and start bashing the puppet around. Terrified, the woman tries to retrieve the doll and when she succeeds, she runs away with it. The puppeteer, afraid for the future of his beloved creature, follows her to a seashore and suddenly discovers that his puppet is alive: it has turned into Mylène Farmer, who is playing with the woman. But when Farmer sees the puppeteer, she is terrified and attempts to run away. The man pursues her and manages to reach her when she falls on the sandy ground. He lifts her up, wipes her face clean, hugs her and they share a kiss. After a while, as the black-clad woman from the circus grows grim at the sight of these proceedings, Farmer turns into the puppet again, much to the chagrin of the man who is unhappy and desperate, while the circus goes away. He yells and pleads for help but all in vain. The closing sequence of the video is a dream-like vision of the puppeteer who is squatting and hugging his darling, who is once again alive.^[23]

Reception and symbolism

This video was nominated in the category 'Best videoclip' in the 1988 Victoires de la Musique, but did not win. Interviewed in the show Nulle Part Ailleurs, broadcast on 23 November 1987, Farmer said she was surprised by the song's success, saying "I think it's the 7" that started the fastest. (...) The public says "yes" gradually and more and more strongly."^[24]

The theme of this video is that of "alienation, to be prisoner of desires of the other". Indeed, the man, as a possessive mother, has an exclusive love for his puppet. But the arrival of a third party allows it to take life, "to be born from a psychological point of view".^[25] Some interpret this video as an allegory of the Pygmalion myth, expressed through the puppeteer and its doll, while others see it as a tribute to Zouc, who disappeared from public life a short time after.^[26] According to the biographer Bernard Violet, the final sequence actually gives meaning to the history. He thinks the video is "the most moving films by Boutonnat, a masterpiece of pessimism and misanthropy, because ultimately, all the protagonists lose".^[27] The author Erwan Chuberre stated that the Gothic artist Angélique Comet was disturbed "at the emotional level" by the video.^[17]

Promotion and live performances

Farmer performed the song in lip sync on 16 French television shows (all sources listed below provide different data), broadcast between 13 November 1987 and 6 February 1988 on various channels (TF1, Antenne 2, FR3, Canal+, La 5). Sometimes, she was also interviewed and, on certain shows, she performed another hit. Farmer almost always wore male clothes with black and white checks and a cap (the same costume as she wore during her 1989 tour). In 1990, she promoted the song on Swedish and Italian programmes, on 28 April and 13 July. On 18 May 1996, Farmer performed "Sans contrefaçon" just after "California", on Les Années tubes.^[20][28][29]

"Sans contrefaçon" is Farmer's only song to be performed on all her concerts tours (although it was only included as part of a medley on the

Critical reception

The song was generally well received by critics of contemporary music. For example, Music Foto declared that "Mylène hits just and strong once more (and more). (...) From the first half second of listening, the chorus (...) is in the head."^[32] Rock News said "it's delicious and enchanting".^[33] Graffiti praised the song, saying "[it] is divinely subversive and imperiously dancing" is "a piece with an unstoppable melody".^[34] Pascal Bussy, from French magazine Compact, awarded three stars to the CD maxi and added: "Without shame, [Farmer] may be to attack the UK charts."^[35] A review in Pan-European magazine Music & Media stated: "This light dance/pop tune should catch willing ears with its squeezed vocals and Police-like drive".^[36]

On the French Singles Chart, "Sans contrefaçon" appeared for 22 weeks, from 5 December 1987 to 30 April 1988. It debuted at number 21, reached the top ten four weeks later and remained inside for a total of ten weeks. On 20 February, it peaked at number two for a sole week, being unable to dislodge

The song has been covered by many artists, including Patricia in 1998 with a dance version entitled "Listen to Your Heart" and recorded in English,^[41] Lorie in 2003 as second track on her single "À 20 ans",^[41][42] French rock band Armens in 2003 for their live album Sans contrefaçon - Le Live (track 1, 3:24) and released as a single,^[41][43] Mr Popicide in 2003,^[41][44] many contestants of the show Star Academy, including Anne-Laure Sitbon (2003), Élodie Frégé (2004), and Giovanni (2003, Belgian Star Academy)(these versions were not released as a single, but were only performed on TV),^[41] and Julie Zenatti in 2003 on French radio Generation Scoop in an acoustic version.^[41][45]

"Sans contrefaçon" is featured on the soundtrack of the 1996 French film Pédale douce, produced by Gabriel Aghion, as the first track. The song is played at the beginning of the film as well as during the final credits.^{[41][46][47][48]} In one of the editions of Trivial Pursuit, there is a question which asks: "In the song "Sans contrefaçon", what does Mylène Farmer claim?", the answer is "Je suis un garçon" ("I'm a boy").

Formats and track listings

These are the formats and track listings of single releases of "Sans contrefaçon":^[49]

• 7" single - France, Canada

• 12" maxi

• CD maxi - Europe / CD maxi - Promo - Europe

• Digital download (since 2005)

• 7" single / 12" maxi / CD promo

Release history

Official versions

Credits and personnel

These are the credits and the personnel as they appear on the back of the single:^[49][51]

• Mylène Farmer – lyrics
• Laurent Boutonnat – music
• Bertrand Le Page and Toutankhamon – editions
• Polydor – recording company
• Elsa Trillat – photo

Charts and certifications

References