Sanskritisation (language)
Sanskritisation is the process of introducing features from Sanskrit, such as vocabulary and grammar, into other languages.[1] It is sometimes associated with the "Hindu-isation" of a linguistic community, or less commonly, with introducing a more upper-caste status into a community.[2][3] Many languages throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia were greatly influenced by Sanskrit (or its descendant languages, the Prakrits and modern-day Indo-Aryan languages) historically.[4][5][6]
Sanskritisation often stands in opposition to the
Sanskritization of the names of people and places is also commonplace in India, except in many areas like Tamil Nadu.[13][14][15]
History
Ancient era
Modern era
During the medieval era, the Indian languages had taken in a lot of Perso-Arabic influences as a result of Muslim invasions, particularly in the northwestern subcontinent;[19] colonial-era education policies, religious nationalism, and the influence of some of the more Sanskritised Indian languages played a role in Hindus and Muslims increasingly separating in terms of their linguistic influences,[20] with Hindus tending towards the usage of Sanskrit words and the Sanskrit-associated Devanagari script for writing Hindi.[21][22][23]
Since the 1947 Partition of India, the Indian government, which at one point considered making Sanskrit the national language, instead has sought to further Sanskritise Hindi,[24] considering it to be easier for Indians to learn,[25] and as a way of distancing Hindi from the Urdu spoken in the newly formed country of Pakistan.[26] Sanskrit has been used to form new words to describe modern concepts and technologies in several South Asian languages by forming calques based on English words.[27][22][28] In addition, Sanskrit words that have been nativised into other languages have been mixed with words from other language families, such as the Dravidian languages, to form new words.[29]
Cultural debates have emerged over how much Sanskrit should appear in Hindi and how acceptable Persian and English influences should be,
See also
References
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- ISBN 9783631647745, retrieved 2023-10-29
- ^ Punnoose, Reenu, and Muhammed Haneefa. "Problematising Hindi as the'Self'and English as the'Other'." Economic & Political Weekly 53.7 (2018).
- ^ Chakraborty, Shibashis. "The Role of Specific Grammar for Interpretation in Sanskrit". Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 9 (2) (2021): 107-187.
- ISBN 978-81-208-1767-8.
- ^ Bronkhorst, Johannes (2010-01-01). "The spread of Sanskrit". From Turfan to Ajanta. Festschrift for Dieter Schlingloff on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday.
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- ISBN 978-0-429-05768-7, retrieved 2023-10-30
- ^ Pollock 2001.
- ^ Oberlies 2003, pp. xxvii–xxix.
- ISBN 978-81-215-1110-0.
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- ISBN 978-90-04-07924-3.
- ^ Rai, Alok (1995). "Making a Difference: Hindi, 1880-1930".
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(help) - ^ a b Ganpat Teli, M.Phil. "Revisiting the Making of Hindi as a ‘National’ Language", M.Phil.
- ^ Das, Sisir Kumar (1978), Standardisation of Hindi and Bengali, Pacific Linguistics, retrieved 2023-10-29
- ISBN 978-0-8122-1585-4.
- ^ McCartney, Patrick. "The sanitising power of spoken Sanskrit". Himāl South Asian (2014).
- S2CID 149573096.
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- ^ "Crowd-sourced Technical Texts can help Revitalise Indian Languages". ResearchGate.
- ^ "India's War on Urdu". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ^ Yamuna Kachru. "Corpus planning for modernization: Sanskritization and Englishization of Hindi". Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 1, Spring 1989, pages 153-164
- JSTOR 4408522.
- ^ "The curious case of Urdu". Frontline. 2022-05-16. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ^ "Is the Hindu Nationalist 'Boycott Bollywood' Campaign Impacting the Box Office?". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
- ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2023-10-27.