Sea buckthorn oil

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the oil produced from the pulp or seeds. For the shrub, see
Sea buckthorn
.
Sea buckthorn berries

Sea buckthorn oil is a red-orange oil derived from

pulp),[1]
so the oil can be extracted from either the seeds or the pulp.

The resulting oils (seed oil and pulp oil, also called fruit or berry oil) are used in

nutraceuticals, cosmetics and skin care products
.

Chemical constituents

Oil content in seeds of sea buckthorn is on average 7–11% while oil content of the fruit pulp is around 1.5–3% (per fresh weight).[1]

Seed oil is characterized by high contents of

monounsaturated fatty acids[1] and carotenoids.[2] Both oils also contain dense amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols[3] and plant sterols.[4]

Fatty acids

Oils from sea buckthorn seeds and pulp differ considerably in

α-linolenic acid are the major fatty acids in seed oil, sea buckthorn pulp oil contains approximately 65% combined of the monounsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid, and the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid.[1]
This results in a major difference between the sea buckthorn oil extracted from seeds and the sea buckthorn oil extracted from the fleshy part of the fruit, in term of appearance and consistency. Sea buckthorn fruit oil is dark orange in color and has a thick consistency (it is liquid at room temperature, but becomes much thicker if refrigerated), whereas the seed oil is pale yellow and does not solidify under refrigeration.

Few other vegetable oils contain a similar quantity of these fatty acids.  The high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids are also responsible for the relatively poor shelf life, as they cause sea buckthorn oil to turn rancid quickly.[5]

Tocopherols and tocotrienols

gamma-tocopherol. The total amount of tocopherols and tocotrienols is roughly 64–300 mg/100 g in seed oil and 100–481 mg/100 g in pulp oil.[3]

Carotenoids

As carotenoids are the pigments that give sea buckthorn berry its distinctive orange-red color, these compounds are present in considerable amounts both in pulp oil and in seed oil; the average carotenoid content of pulp oil is 350 mg per 100 grams, as compared to 67.5 mg per 100 grams in seed oil.[

beta-carotene, zeaxanthin and lycopene.[2]

Plant sterols

Both seed and pulp oil also contain considerable amounts of plant sterols (12–23 g/kg and 10–29 g/kg of oil, respectively).

Beta-sitosterol is the major sterol compound throughout the berry which constitutes 57–83% of total sterols.[4]

Uses

Sea buckthorn seed oil in capsules

Sea buckthorn oil is frequently used in

dry skin.[5] Sea buckthorn oil is used in some shampoos
and other hair care products.

It has sometimes been used as a type of

eczema.[11]

It has been used in Asian and Russian traditional medicine for centuries.[10] In a few East Asian countries, the fruit pulp oil is put on skin burns.[5]

Research

Preliminary research on sea buckthorn oil has been conducted for its potential biological properties, but, as of 2022, there is no high-quality evidence it has any confirmed clinical uses.[10]

References

  1. ^
    PMID 11308350
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 29020397
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 11982433
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 11714369
    .
  5. ^
    PMID 28526097
    .
  6. PMID 34501575
    .
  7. ISSN 0963-9969
    .
  8. doi:10.3390/cosmetics4040040
    .
  9. ^ "Sea buckthorn". WebMD. 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  10. ^ a b c "Sea buckthorn". Drugs.com. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  11. PMID 22336810
    .
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