Skender-Bey Crnojević

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For other uses, see Skanderbeg (disambiguation).
Skender-bey Crnojević
Born
Staniša Crnojević
Died1528/1530
Nationality
Ivan I Crnojević (father)
  • Goisava Arianiti (mother)
    • Skender-Bey Crnojević
    Coat of arms
    Noble familyCrnojević noble family (paternally)
    Arianiti family (maternally)

    Staniša "Stanko" Crnojević (

    sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Montenegro in 1514–1528.[1] He is enumerated in Serbian and Montenegrin epic poetry, in which he is sometimes known as Maksim (Serbian Cyrillic: Максим).[2]

    Life

    Staniša (nickname: Stanko) was born in Upper Zeta (corresponding roughly to the southern half of

    Stefan I Crnojević (r. 1451–1465), Stanko's grandfather.[3]

    His father

    Mehmed the Conqueror.[7] The new Ottoman sultan Bayezid II faced revolts in Albania, and did not want to face the same in the recently conquered Zeta.[7]

    The disagreements between the three Crnojević brothers proved fatal for Zeta, as it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.

    Eparchy of Cetinje
    ).

    Ivan was succeeded by Đorđe in 1490, who only ruled for six years; he conspired with Western rulers against Bayezid II in 1496, and was forced to leave the country after the Sultan had learnt this.[7] Stefan hoped to succeed, but Bayezid II incorporated Zeta into the Ottoman Empire (known in Turkish as karadag – 'Black Mountain', from Venetian Montenegro), and ended the history of medieval Zeta.[7] The Ottomans administrated Montenegro as any other newly conquered territory, though they were careful not to antagonize the local nobility.[7] That is why they appointed Stanko as pasha.[7]

    Skender, henceforth known as Skender-bey Crnojević, was appointed sanjakbey of Montenegro and the neighbouring Albanian tribes in 1513, under

    Montenegrin tribes to his authority.[5] The tribes of Old Montenegro were since 1519 under the rule of the Serbian Orthodox Metropolitans of Zeta.[5]

    In a defter from 1523, he is mentioned as having 2,100 akıncı in the Crmnica region.[9]

    Skender-bey Crnojević ruled from his court at

    Gazi Husrev-beg.[citation needed
    ]

    The last mention of Skender-bey Crnojević is the Vranjina edict (Vranjinska povelja) which he wrote in 1527, confirming the rights of the Vranjina Monastery.[10]

    Aftermath and legacy

    After his death in 1530, a Christian inquisition and conflict began against his followers. The uprising was eventually put down by

    Gazi Husrev-beg, who was killed in battle against Christian clans. His men, however, succeeded in maintaining order in the region.[citation needed
    ]

    Mahmud Pasha Bushatli of Shkodër, who launched offensives into Montenegro in the 18th century, claimed direct descent from Skender-bey Crnojević. He was beheaded during the Battle of Krusi against the forces of Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, the Exarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Cetinje.[citation needed
    ]

    Skenderbey Crnojević is a main character in

    King Nikola
    's play The Empress of the Balkans (Balkanska Carica), written in 1894.

    Staniša is enumerated in Serbian epic poetry in songs such as Sons of Ivan-bey, Death of Maksim Crnojević and The Wedding of Maksim Crnojević which is by far the longest Serbian epic song recorded. The song was introduced to the western audiences by Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz during his lectures at Collège de France.[11]

    Inspired by the epic song Serbian playwright Laza Kostić wrote the drama Maksim Crnojević, which would later serve as a source material for opera The Prince of Zeta by Petar Konjović.[citation needed]

    Ancestry


    Annotations

    1. ^
      His name at birth was Staniša Crnojević. His nickname was Stanko. The most used variations is his Islamic name in Serbian spelling: Skenderbeg[8] (Skanderbeg[12]). The English variation is Skender-Bey Crnojević.[10] Other names are Skenderbeg Stanko Bušatlija or Bušatlija Stanko ('Stanko of Bušati', a village in Montenegro). In Serbian epic poetry he is sometimes known as Maksim.[2]

    Notes

    1. ^ Denkschriften, p. 46
    2. ^ a b Fleming, p. 55
    3. ^ Fine 1994, p. 561
    4. ^ Fine 1994, p. 648
    5. ^ a b c d e f Pavlovic, p. 32
    6. ^ a b Yugoslav review, p. 4
    7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Zlatar, p. 460
    8. ^ a b Šekularac, p. 99
    9. ^ Franetović-Bûre, p. 420
    10. ^ a b Pavlovic, p. 60
    11. ^ "Adam Mickjevič — O srpskoj narodnoj poeziji". Archived from the original on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
    12. ^ The Cambridge medieval history 1923, p. 587

    Bibliography

    Skender-Bey Crnojević
    Born: 1457 Died: 1528
    Regnal titles
    First sanjakbey of Montenegro
    1514–1528     		Succeeded by
    Unknown
    Preceded byas Lord of Zeta
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