Smok wawelski
Smok wawelski | |
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Reconstructed skeleton, University of Warsaw | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Clade: | Archosauromorpha |
Clade: | Archosauriformes |
Clade: | Archosauria (?) |
Genus: | †Smok Niedźwiedzki et al., 2012 |
Species: | †S. wawelski
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Binomial name | |
†Smok wawelski Niedźwiedzki et al., 2012
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Smok (meaning "dragon" in
Description
At an estimated 5 to 6 metres (16 to 20 ft) in length, Smok was the largest carnivorous archosaur in central Europe in the time it was alive. It was larger than any other known
Several features indicate that Smok is an
The
Smok has several features that are shared with both dinosaurs and crocodile-line archosaurs, making classification difficult. Similarities with theropods include a groove, or antitrochanter, on the ilium bone of the hip that is part of the acetabulum (a depression where the head of the femur attaches to the hip). Smok and theropods also have an anterior trochanter on the femur. Some large theropods share with Smok the deep depressions of the basisphenoids in the braincase. Similarities with rauisuchians include a triangular antorbital fenestra and a connection between the ectopterygoid and jugal bones of the skull that is split into two projections. The hip of Smok has a ridge on the lateral surface of the ilium above the acetabulum. This ridge is a defining characteristic of rauisuchians, forming a buttress over the femur and giving these animals a pillar-erect stance.[1]
Other features of Smok seem to exclude it from these groups of archosaurs. The
Discovery and naming
Smok was found in a locality near Lisowice village that is latest
Smok is known from the
Paleoecology
Smok was the largest predator in its environment. Other large predatory archosaurs included the dinosaur
Paleobiology
Examination of coprolites attributed to Smok by Martin Qvarnström et al., indicate that this archosaur was able to crush bone. Based on examination of the bone fragments within the coprolites, Smok's ability to retain food within its digestive system varied considerably based on prey availability and food type. The variable mixture of bones, some belonging to fish, others to dicynodonts, and to temnospondyls indicates Smok was a generalized predator. Teeth from this archosaur were also uncovered from these trace fossils, indicating it may have swallowed its own broken teeth during feeding. The heavy amounts of bone in the diet indicate that salt and marrow from the bones of herbivores and other prey items was an important component in the archosaur's diet; an important behavior often linked with modern mammalian predators but seldom studied in ancient archosaurian reptiles. The findings were published in the journal Scientific Reports in 2019.[4]
References
- ^ .
- .
- ^ Sulej, T.; Niedźwiedzki, G. (2009). "Dawn of the Dinosaurs: The discovery of large reptile fossils in Silesia" (PDF). Academia. 2 (22): 34–35.
- PMID 30700743.