Southern royal albatross
Southern royal albatross | |
---|---|
East of Tasmania | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Procellariiformes |
Family: | Diomedeidae |
Genus: | Diomedea |
Species: | D. epomophora
|
Binomial name | |
Diomedea epomophora | |
The southern royal albatross or toroa, (Diomedea epomophora) is a large
Taxonomy
Albatrosses belong to family
This species was once considered
Etymology
Diomedea refers to Diomedes, a figure from Greek mythology whose companions turned to birds.[12]
Description
The southern royal albatross has a length of 112 to 123 cm (44–48 in)
Range
Location | Population | Date | Trend |
---|---|---|---|
Campbell Islands | 8,200-8,600 pair | 1997 | Stable |
Enderby Island | 69 pair | 2001 | Stable |
Adams Island |
20 pair | 2001 | Stable |
Total | 28,000-29,500 | 1997 | Stable |
Most of the royal albatross population is found between 30° S and 45° S.
Behaviour
They attract their mates using methods such as bill-snapping, clapping and gulping. Others ways also include sky-calling with outstretched wings, and neck and head stretched upwards.[21]
Feeding
The southern royal albatross eats squid and fish, with smaller amounts of carrion, crustaceans, and salps.[13] Its foraging activities normally take place within a 1250 km radius of the breeding site.[22] Although they travel vast distances, royal albatrosses in general tend to forage in somewhat shallower waters and closer to continental shelves than wandering albatrosses.[23]
Breeding
They prefer to nest on
Conservation
The
The population is recovering from its severe downward spiral in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. By the 1880s, this albatross was
Gallery
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Adult with chick on mound nest on Campbell Island
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Southern Ocean, New Zealand
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Southern Ocean, New Zealand
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Pair on Campbell Island
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Off Kaikōura, New Zealand
Footnotes
- ^ . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-877385-59-9.
- ^ Albatross, their world, their ways. De Roy, Jones and Fitter, 2008. Firefly Press
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4200-6444-5.
- ^ Double, M. C. (2003)
- ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (Eds.). "Master Lists – IOC World Bird List". IOC World Bird List. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ Lee, James (2008)
- ^ Brooke, R. (2004)
- ^ Robertson, C. J. R. & Nunn, G. B. (1998)
- ^ Clements, J. (2007)
- ^ Remsen Jr., C. J. (2008)
- ^ Gotch, A. F. (1995)
- ^ a b c d e f BirdLife International (2008)
- ISBN 978-0-19-850125-1
- ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
- ISBN 978-0-395-60291-1
- ^ LaGosh, J. (2004). Diomedea epomophora. Retrieved from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diomedea_epomophora.html
- ^ Robertson, C. J. R., & Kinsky, F. C. (1972). The dispersal movements of the royal albatross (Diomedea epomophora). Notornis, 19(4), 289-301.
- ^ "Campbell Island conservation sanctuary rat free". The Beehive. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
- ^ Baker, G. Barry; Elliott, Graeme; French, Rebecca K.; Jensz, Katrina; Muller, Christopher G.; Walker, Kath (2020). "Development of aerial monitoring techniques to estimate population size of great albatrosses (Diomedea spp.)". Notornis. 67 (1): 321–331.
- ^ Moore, Peter (2008)
- ^ Waugh, S., Troup, C., Filippi, D., & Weimerskirch, H. (2002). Foraging zones of Southern Royal albatrosses. The Condor, 104(3), 662-667.
- ^ Imber (1999). Diet and Feeding Ecology of the Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora - King of the Shelf Break and Inner Slope. Emu 99(3) 200 - 211
- ^ Dilks, P. J., & Wilson, P. R. (1979). Feral sheep and cattle and royal albatrosses on Campbell Island; population trends and habitat changes. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 6(1), 127-139.
- ^ Sullivan, B. J., Reid, T. A., & Bugoni, L. (2006). Seabird mortality on factory trawlers in the Falkland Islands and beyond. Biological Conservation, 131(4), 495–504.
References
- BirdLife International (2008). "Bartlett's Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
- Brands, Sheila (Aug 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification - Diomedea (Diomedea) epomophora -". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
- Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae". Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850125-0.
- Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
- Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107–111. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
- Gotch, A. F. (1995) [1979]. "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels". Latin Names Explained A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 190. ISBN 0-8160-3377-3.
- Lee, James (6 Oct 2008). "Table 7: Species changing IUCN Red List Status" (PDF). IUCN RedList. BirdLife International. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2009. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
- Moore, Peter (2008). "Notes on New Zealand Mammals 8. Predation on Nesting Southern Royal Albatrosses Diomedea Epomophora by a New Zealand Sea Lion Phocarctos Hookeri". Data Zone. Retrieved 18 Mar 2022.
- Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (7 Aug 2008). "A classification of the bird species of South America, South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologists' Union". South American Classification Committee. American Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 18 Feb 2009.
- Robertson, C. J. R.; Nunn, G. B. (1998). "Towards a new taxonomy of albatrosses". Albatross Biology and Conservation. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons Ltd. pp. 13–19.
- Waugh, Susan (2002). "FORAGING ZONES OF SOUTHERN ROYAL ALBATROSSES". Data Zone. Retrieved 18 Mar 2022.
- Robertson, C. J. R. (2003). "Albatrosses (Diomedeidae)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8. Vol. Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-7876-5784-0.
External links
- Species factsheet - BirdLife International
- Photos and fact file - ARKive