Indian Ocean garbage patch: Difference between revisions

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* [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=plastic-surf "Plastic Surf" The Unhealthful Afterlife of Toys and Packaging: Small remnants of toys, bottles and packaging persist in the ocean, harming marine life and possibly even us] by Jennifer Ackerman [[Scientific American]] August 2010
* [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=plastic-surf "Plastic Surf" The Unhealthful Afterlife of Toys and Packaging: Small remnants of toys, bottles and packaging persist in the ocean, harming marine life and possibly even us] by Jennifer Ackerman [[Scientific American]] August 2010
* [http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/a_battle_at_midway/ photographer Chris Jordan, who recently traveled to a remote part of the Pacific Ocean to document effects of the world’s largest known mass of garbage.] in [[Seed (magazine)|Seed]] {{cite web|last=Boustead |first=Greg |url=http://seedmagazine.com/slideshow/appetite_destruction/ |title=§ Appetite for Destruction |publisher=Seedmagazine.com |date=18 February 2010 |accessdate=28 July 2010}}
* [http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/a_battle_at_midway/ photographer Chris Jordan, who recently traveled to a remote part of the Pacific Ocean to document effects of the world’s largest known mass of garbage.] in [[Seed (magazine)|Seed]] {{cite web|last=Boustead |first=Greg |url=http://seedmagazine.com/slideshow/appetite_destruction/ |title=§ Appetite for Destruction |publisher=Seedmagazine.com |date=18 February 2010 |accessdate=28 July 2010}}
* [http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/ Scripps Environmental Accumulation of Plastic Expedition (SEAPLEX)] – Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090804093733/http://sio.ucsd.edu/Expeditions/Seaplex/ Scripps Environmental Accumulation of Plastic Expedition (SEAPLEX)] – Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* [http://kaisei.blipback.com The Project Kaisei Voyage Tracker ] – Project Kaisei and Ojingolabs
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101231032237/http://kaisei.blipback.com/ The Project Kaisei Voyage Tracker ] – Project Kaisei and Ojingolabs
* [http://5gyres.org 5 Gyres – Understanding Plastic Marine Pollution ] – Algalita, Livable Legacy
* [http://5gyres.org 5 Gyres – Understanding Plastic Marine Pollution ] – Algalita, Livable Legacy
* [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/pollution/trash-vortex/ The trash vortex] – Greenpeace
* [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/pollution/trash-vortex/ The trash vortex] – Greenpeace

Revision as of 04:08, 13 November 2017

gyres
.
Map of gyres centered near the south pole (click to enlarge)
The Indian Ocean Garbage Patch on a continuous ocean map centered near the south pole

The Indian Ocean garbage patch, discovered in 2010, is a

chemical sludge, and other debris; primarily particles that are invisible to the naked eye. The concentration of particle debris has been estimated to be approximately 10,000 particles per square kilometer. [7] [8][9][10]

A similar patch of floating plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean, the Great Pacific garbage patch, was predicted in 1985, and discovered in 1997 by Charles J. Moore as he passed through the North Pacific Gyre on his return from the Transpacific Yacht Race. The North Atlantic garbage patch was discovered in 2010.[11][12]

Discovery

The existence of the Great Pacific garbage patch, the first to be discovered, was predicted in a 1988 paper published by the

plastic in the North Pacific Ocean.[13]

Research studying trash washed onto beaches in and around the Indian Ocean suggested that there would be plastics found in the water column in the Indian Ocean as well.[2]

In 2010, the

Port Louis, Mauritius (east of Madagascar); each of the water samples they collected in the 4,800 km (3,000 mi) between contained plastic.[2] They found that the South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean gyres were affected in the same way as the North Pacific and North Atlantic gyres.[1][2][4][5] Anna Cummins, cofounder of 5 Gyres Institute called the pollution they found "a thin plastic soup".[2]

Action for creating awareness

On April 11, 2013, in order to create awareness, artist

garbage patch state at UNESCO[14] –Paris in front of Director General Irina Bokova, the first of a series of events under the patronage of UNESCO and of Italian Ministry of the Environment.[15]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c First Voyage to South Atlantic Pollution Site SustainableBusiness.com News
  2. ^
    Yahoo
    , 27 July 2010]
  3. ^ Opinion: Islands are 'natural nets' for plastic-choked seas Marcus Eriksen for CNN, Petroleum, CNN Tech 24 June 2010
  4. ^ a b c Our Ocean Backyard: Exploring plastic seas, Dan Haifley, 15 May 2010, Santa Cruz Sentinel
  5. ^
    Times Live
  6. ^ Moore, Charles (November 2003). "Across the Pacific Ocean, plastics, plastics, everywhere". Natural History Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 July 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Sesini, Marzia. "THE GARBAGE PATCH IN THE OCEANS: THE PROBLEM AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS." Thesis. Columbia University, 2011. THE GARBAGE PATCH IN THE OCEANS: THE PROBLEM AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS. Web. <http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/newwtert/Research/sofos/sesini_thesis.pdf>.
  8. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0207
  9. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 February 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ Transoceanic Trash: International and United States Strategies for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Susan L. Dautel, 3 Golden Gate U. Envtl. L.J. 181 (2009)
  11. ^ Lovett, Richard A. (2 March 2010). "Huge Garbage Patch Found in Atlantic Too". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society.
  12. ^ Victoria Gill (24 February 2010). "Plastic rubbish blights Atlantic Ocean". BBC. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
  13. ^ Day, Robert H.; Shaw, David G.; Ignell, Steven E. (April 1988). "Quantitative distribution and characteristics of neustonic plastic in the North Pacific Ocean. Final Report to US Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Auke Bay Laboratory. Auke Bay, AK" (PDF). pp. 247–266. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  14. ^ unesco.org http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/the_garbage_patch_territory_turns_into_a_new_state/#.U71u8fl_u9U. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ^ id_articolo=2073 Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

External links


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