Sport in Iran

Many sports in Iran are both traditional and modern. Tehran, for example, was the first city in West Asia to host the Asian Games in 1974, and continues to host and participate in major international sporting events to this day. Freestyle wrestling has been traditionally regarded as Iran's national sport, however today, football is the most popular sport in Iran. Because of economic sanctions, the annual government's budget for sport was about $80 million in 2010 or about $1 per person.

History

.

The society attached special status to

who thanks to their physical strength and courage, defended their family and homeland when the need arose.

They were welcomed everywhere with much enthusiasm, the people took much pride in their sportsmen and praised and admired them for their courageous deeds.

According to their religious teaching, the Iranian

and powerful body.

The ancient Iranians attached

(religious sages) while engaging in prayers in their temples held a mace in their hands, not unlike the British bishops who hung swords on their belts.

Avesta, the sacred book of the ancient religions of Iran glorifies the champions and sportsmen as much, if not more than saints and men of God. The older generation made arrangements for the ancient narratives and epics to be read to the young either from books or from those who had learned them from their elders.

This tradition has survived until today and outlived the rest of ages. Thus, even today, it can be observed that among the tribes and in the tea houses storytelling is practiced with the same enthusiasm as it was in bygone ages.

The extent to which the Iranians were interested in their

there are over 30 words to label the concept of a hero or champion.

In

, etc.

As of 2015, only 20 percent of Iranians are physically active while the world average is 60 percent.^[2] 30% of Iranian youths never play any sports.^[3]

Iran achieved a significant victory in the London 2012 Olympics. The Iranian Team has won 13 medals including 7 Gold Medals. This is the best performance of a Middle Eastern country ever in the history of the Summer Olympics.^{[citation needed]}

Sportswomen

Since 1979, women athletes have been subject to strict requirements when competing in Iran or abroad, with the Iranian Olympic Committee stating that "severe punishment will be meted out to those who do not follow Islamic rules during sporting competitions". The committee banned women athletes from competing in Olympic events where a male referee could come into physical contact with them.^[4] At the 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics combined, a total of six women represented Iran.

In 2016, Iran made global headlines for the international female community after Iran got its first gold medal achieved by a woman. This also was a record in the MENA region.

Women athletes in Iran enjoy many freedoms. In 1979, there were only 1,000 female athletes in Iran, and now the number of female athletes has reached more than 1.4 million.^[5]  They are active in various disciplines such as football, handball, basketball, weightlifting, shooting, taekwondo, wushu, karate, boating, athletics, volleyball, rock climbing, and chess.

Prominent female athletes such as Zahra Nemati, Hamideh Abbasali, Nazanin Malai, Farzaneh Fassihi, Leila Rajabi, Elahe Ahmadi, Nahid Kiani, Sarasadat Khademalsharieh are well known among the Iranian people.^[6][7][8][9]

• 
  Hamideh Abbasali (Left)
• 
  Elaheh Ahmadi
• 
  Farzaneh Fasihi (Right)
• 
  Sarasadat Khademalsharieh
• 
  Zahra Nemati
• 
  Leila Rajabi

Iran sport organization

• 1935: National Sports Association
• 1960: Integration into the Education Ministry
• 1971: Sports and Recreation Organization
• 1977: Dissolution and fusion with the Education Ministry (for the 2nd time)
• 1979–present: Independent Physical Education Organization (part of the Government)
• 2011: Proposal in Parliament to merge the National Youth Organization with the Physical Education Organization.

Sports categories

• Championship sports: see also: National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran
• Sports education: see also: Education in Iran
• Public sport: see also: Health in Iran

Budget

The annual government's budget for sport was about $80 million in 2010 or about $1 per person.^{[citation needed]}

According to a report in 2017, Iran's sports budget was very small this year and several decades before.^[10]

Traditional sports

Bodybuilding and fitness

Bodybuilding is very popular among the younger generation. Some professional bodybuilders of Iranian descent include Baitollah Abbaspour, Javad Nabavi, Mohamad Farokh, Ali Tabrizi, Hamid Manafi and Zohair Al Karbelaie ("Arnold" of Fallah!).

• 
  An Iranian woman doing fitness exercises in Tehran
• 
  An Iranian bodybuilder in 2018

Iran's championship bodybuilding competitions are also held in the country. Since the late 2000s, the increasing desire of Iranian women to participate in fitness and bodybuilding events has been reported. However, restrictions have been imposed on them by the government.^[11][12]

Wrestling

Varzesh-e Bastani

practitioner

.

Both

Hamedan

also produce many talented wrestlers.

With a history of great wrestlers, such as

freestyle wrestling World Championships

: 1959 and 1961), Iran is considered among the elite nations in this sport.

Polo

Persia, depicted by Hossein Behzad

It is believed that

paintings

in Iran.

Despite the emphasis in

with renewed interest in the sport.

) is not prohibited in Islam.

Board games

Chess

The origin of chess is a disputed issue, but evidence exists to give credence to the theory that chess originated in India and later it came to Iran.

Popular sports

Association football

Tehran Derby, a football match between Esteghlal and Persepolis. This match was declared as the most important derby in Asia and 22nd most important derby in the world in June 2008 by World Soccer magazine.^[14][15]

Football is the most popular sport in Iran. Iran has been able to qualify for the FIFA World Cup six times (1978, 1998, 2006, 2014, 2018 and 2022), won the AFC Asian Cup three times (1968, 1972 and 1976), and four times has won gold medal at the Asian Games (1974, 1990, 1998 and 2002).

Particularly in the past 10 years, with the launch of

; considerable progress has been made. Some Iranian players now play in major European leagues, and some Iranian clubs have hired European players or coaches.

Iranian clubs (

dated back to the 1992-1993 season.

Like all other sports, adequate football facilities are limited in Iran. Iran's largest football stadium is the

Persepolis

(Most Popular Iranian Clubs) and where that national matches are held.

Basketball

See also:

Iran national basketball team

In

.

Iran have made strides forward to develop their women’s national team program. Women's basketball has seen a lot of improvement.[16]

Weightlifting

Strength sports like

, the sport has been returned to a rather high status.

Kabaddi

Kabaddi is also popular in Iran although mainly in a select few regions like Gorgan, and Shehr e Sukhteh, Isfahan besides the capital Tehran.^[17] The Iran national kabaddi team represents Iran on the International stage in Kabaddi.

Iran became Champions of Asian Games in 2018, and have been two times runner-ups (2010, 2014). They have also been Standard style World cup runner-ups (in 2004,2007,2016)

Among other tournaments they have won the Kabaddi medal events at Asian beach Games in 2012 and 2014.

Iran has also served as hosts for the Circle style Asia Cup in 2011.

Skiing

Iran is home to numerous mountainous regions, many of which are suitable for skiing, and snowboarding and are gaining increasing popularity among foreign visitors.

Skiing began in Iran in 1938 through the efforts of two German railway engineers. Today, 13 ski resorts operate in Iran, the most famous being

, and other provinces.

The Tochal resort is the world's fifth-highest ski resort at over 3,730 m at its highest Seventh station. The resort was completed in 1976 shortly before the overthrow of the Shah. It is only 15 minutes away from Tehran's northern districts, and operates seven months a year. Here, one must first ride the 8 km (5.0 mi) long gondola lift which covers a huge vertical. The Seventh station has three slopes. The resort's longest slope is the south side U-shaped slope which goes from the Seventh station to Fifth station. The other two slopes are located on the north side of the Seventh station. Here, there are two parallel chair ski lifts that go up to 3,900 m near Tochal's peak (at 4,000 m), rising higher than the gondola Seventh station stations. This altitude is said to be higher than any of the European resorts.

From the Tochal peak, there are views of the Alborz range, including the 5,610 metres (18,406 ft) high Mount Damavand, a dormant volcano. At the bottom of the lifts in a valley behind the Tochal peak is Tochal hotel, located at 3,500 m altitude. From there a T lift takes skiers up the 3,800 metres of Shahneshin peak, where the third slope of Tochal is located.

Hiking and climbing sports

Due to the wealth of mountains, climbing sports are widely popular in Iran. Both the

ranges provide plenty of opportunities for the novice and advanced alike.

Tangeh Savashi

to enjoy the rustic surroundings, as well as a relatively challenging climb.

Martial arts

Martial arts have gained popularity in Iran in the past 20 years. Kyokushin, shotokan, wushu, judo, and taekwondo are the most popular.

Iran competed in the International Judo Federation (IJF) until 2019, when it was barred after 2018 world champion Iranian judoka Saeid Mollaei said he was ordered to throw a match to avoid facing an Israeli judoka.^[18] The incident resulted in Mollaei's flight to Germany, after Iran persecuted him and his family in retaliation for the international humiliation.^[19]

Volleyball

In

in Mexico, after beating France and China in the semi-finals and finals respectively and marking the first such international gold medal for an Iranian team sport.

Iran featured a men's national team in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018–2020 AVC Beach Volleyball Continental Cup.^[20]

Futsal

Futsal is practiced both at the amateur and professional levels. As of January 2019, Iran's men's national futsal team ranks 6th in world rankings after Brazil, Spain, Russia, Portugal, and Argentina. [1]

Iran has won the

.

Tennis

The tennis entertainer

.

Other sports

Another popular sport in Iran is rallying. Female drivers have been allowed to participate in national rally tournaments, including Iran's successful female driver Laleh Seddigh.

Attendance at sporting events

Since the 1979 Iranian revolution, though never explicitly declared in the law, women were barred from attending men's football, swimming and wrestling competitions.^[21] In April 2006, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad speculated about allowing women back into the stadiums.^[22] It is uncertain if this measure would gain approval, since many hard-line clerics have voiced their opposition.^[23] However, women are generally free to attend indoor sports events.

See also

• National Iranian Olympic Academy
• Cycling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran
• Tourism in Iran
• Health care in Iran

References

External links

• Ministry of Sport and Youth Of Iran official website