Starostwo of Draheim
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Starostwo of Draheim or Drahim (
History
In the High Middle Ages, the region of the later starostwo was a borderland of the Piast Kingdom of Poland with Duchy of Pomerania and Margraviate of Brandenburg. In 1268, the largely unsettled area was given to the Knights Templar by the Polish duke Przemysł II.[1] The order invited German settlers (Ostsiedlung).[2] The German name Tempelburg for present-day Polish Czaplinek dates back to that era, and derives from the German name of the Knights Templar, Templer.[1]
In 1312, the order was dissolved, and its possessions were taken over by the
Draheim was made one of three (sub-)starosties of the county, the other ones being Usz-Pila (Schneidemühl) and Wałcz.
When in the late 14th century the southwestern territories of Heinrichsdorf-Warlange and Brotzen-Machlin became allodial possessions of the von der Goltz family, who before had held the areas as fiefs, and were thus excluded from the starosty, Draheim lost a direct land route to the rest of Walcz county.[3] Draheim was then surrounded by the Imperial Duchy of Pomerania in the north, east and southeast, with the exception of the small enclave of Groß Poplow-Brutzen which was in the possession of the von Manteuffel family and directly under the Polish crown; in the southeast, Draheim bordered the Neumark exclave Groß Zacharin-Doderlage.[3] The border was not fixed, but varied according to the ability of competing nobles in the frontier region to manifest their respective claims.[5] When a noble perceived an intrusion into his territory, he and his subjects traditionally reacted with an inequatio, a mounted raid, into the territory of his competitor on the other side of the border.[5] This practice persisted in Walcz county until the late 18th century.[6]
In 1407 German and Polish nobility conquered the castle of
In the 16th century the region largely converted to
Also in the 16th century, conditions for peasants worsened in the neighboring
In July 1655, during the Second Northern War, Draheim was devastated by a trespassing Swedish army.[14] A Brandenburgian report noted that no more than 150 inhabitants remained, the rest had fled to nearby areas, but hesitated to return as they were deprived of all their means.[14]
Poland pawned Draheim to Brandenburg-Prussia in the 1657 Treaty of Bromberg. This arrangement was confirmed in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva, but Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, did not take control of the territory until 1668. Berlin subsequently administered the territory through the office of an Amtmann, who had his seat in Draheim Castle. It was later leased to domain tenants.
According to the Treaty of Bromberg, Frederick William promised not to infringe upon the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in Draheim. The number of Protestants in the territory gradually shrank. It was not until the reign of King Frederick William I of Prussia (1713–40) that a Protestant church was built in Tempelburg.
Draheim's role as a fief of Poland ended with the
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Motsch (2001), p. 70
- ^ Motsch (2001), p. 39
- ^ a b c Motsch (2001), p. 72
- ^ a b c d Motsch (2001), p. 71
- ^ a b Motsch (2001), p. 55
- ^ Motsch (2001), p. 56
- ^ Motsch (2001), p. 40
- ^ Motsch (2001), p. 41
- ^ a b Motsch (2001), p. 42
- ^ a b Motsch (2001), p. 44
- ^ Motsch (2001), p. 48
- ^ Motsch (2001), pp. 48,50
- ^ Motsch (2001), p. 50
- ^ a b Motsch (2001), p. 51
Further reading
- Christoph Motsch: Grenzgesellschaft und frühmoderner Staat. Die Starostei Draheim zwischen Hinterpommern, der Neumark und Großpolen (1575–1805). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-35634-X. (in German)
- Haik Thomas Porada, Michael Lissok: Die frühere Starostei Draheim und die Stadt Tempelburg. In: Pommern. Zeitschrift für Kultur und Geschichte. Heft 2/2002, ISSN 0032-4167, S. 2–9. (in German)
- Martin Wehrmann: Geschichte von Pommern. Band 2. 2. Auflage. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1921, S. 179. Nachdruck: Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89350-112-6. (in German)