T. Lawrence Dale

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Thomas Lawrence Dale
Born(1884-03-04)4 March 1884[1]
London, England
Died29 March 1959(1959-03-29) (aged 75)[1]
Oxford, England
OccupationArchitect
PracticeDale and Son
BuildingsHorn Park, Beaminster, Dorset
St. Swithun's parish church, Kennington, Oxfordshire
House in Woodstock Road, Oxford, that Dale designed for his own family

Thomas Lawrence Dale,

First World War he concentrated on designing houses for private clients. From the 1930s Dale was the Oxford Diocesan Surveyor and was most noted for designing, restoring, and furnishing Church of England parish churches
.

Training and career

Dale was born in London,[2] where he was educated at University College School in Hampstead.[2][3] He began his architectural training at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in 1900,[2] was articled to Charles Ponting in Marlborough, Wiltshire[2] 1901–04, and served as assistant to the architect Edmund Buckle 1904–06.[3] Dale passed his architect's qualifying examination in 1906 and was admitted as an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects (ARIBA) in 1907.[3]

Before the First World War, Dale lived in

mentioned in despatches.[2]

After the war, Dale moved to Banbury where he designed a housing estate for Banbury Rural District Council.[2] In the 1920s Dale spent "a delightful year" working on "an exceedingly complicated planning problem" as a competitor in a worldwide architectural competition to design the new Freemasons' Grand Temple in Great Queen Street in London.[2] Dale came second, for which he won "a large prize".[2]

Some time thereafter he moved to

Woodstock Road.[4] He later moved again to 4 Bradmore Road[2] on the Victorian Norham Manor
estate.

Dale served as Oxford Diocesan Surveyor for 23 years.[2] He designed at least four parish churches that were built in or near Oxford. He also designed restoration work or new furnishings for a number of parish churches; most of them in Oxfordshire, plus one in Warwickshire.

Family

St Francis of Assisi parish church, Cowley (1931)

Dale's wife predeceased him.[5] They left two sons and two daughters.[5] By the time of Dale's death, both sons had married and one of the daughters was a Sister in a religious order.[5]

Dale's death in 1959 was reported in The Times.[6] Harry Carpenter, Bishop of Oxford, assisted at his funeral.[5] Lawrence Dale is buried in Wolvercote Cemetery near his home in Oxford.[1]

Dale's elder son

better source needed] They practised together as Dale and Son.[8] In 1957 Simon Dale married Susan Wilberforce, a descendant of William Wilberforce, and moved with her to Hopton Castle, Shropshire.[7] Simon Dale later lost his sight, was divorced in 1972, and in 1987 was beaten to death at The Heath, the house that he and Susan had restored at Hopton Castle.[7]

Secular buildings

Ickford Village Hall (1946)

Two of Dale's earlier works are

Listed Grade II
.

Lawrence and Simon Dale together designed

Second World War
.

Parish churches

Bell-gable of St Alban the Martyr parish church, Oxford (1933)

Like Charles Ponting (1850–1932)

Gothic Revival idiom long after it had passed out of fashion,[11] Dale adopted Italianate architecture
for his churches.

Dale designed at least four parish churches for the

daughter church of St. James, Cowley.[12] It was made a permanent church and dedicated in 1962.[12] St. Francis' is a simple building with only a small chancel.[12] Dale's second church, St. Alban the Martyr, Oxford (1933), replaced a chapel of ease that had been built for St. Mary and St. John parish church in 1889.[12] St. Alban's is a relatively low building for its length and is limited by a narrow corner site. He also designed "halls" – possibly mission halls – for the parishes of St. Nicholas, Marston and St. James, Cowley.[2]

Part of west front of St Michael and All Angels parish church, New Marston (1956)

Dale's churches built after the

Second World War were more ambitious. St. Michael and All Angels, New Marston (1954–56),[13] was built as a chapel of ease for St. Andrew's parish church, Headington.[12] It is more substantial in scale and has a statue of St. Michael by Michael Groser and a reredos painted by Leon Underwood.[14] St. Michael's is described as being in a "vaguely Italian renaissance style"[12] but the building is slightly limited by its corner site. Dale's final church, St. Swithun, Kennington (1956–58),[15] is in a spacious churchyard that allowed Dale the space to use a more spacious cruciform
plan.

Most of Dale's churches share common features: a

pantiled roofs, an Italianate pent-roofed chimney for the boiler and in some cases a baldachin over the main altar and a pantiled bell-cot on the west gable. With the exception of St. Francis of Assisi (which is stuccoed) they are built of a modern buff brick that contrasts with traditional building materials in this part of England. The tympanum at St. Alban the Martyr was carved by John Brookes,[16] then Principal of Oxford City Technical College. St. Francis' has also a set of Stations of the Cross carved by Eric Gill.[17]

Watercolours

Dale was a

watercolourist "of more than average ability"[5] who was a member of local arts clubs in Oxford. He held a number of exhibitions of his work, which was compared with that of Paul Sandby.[18]

"Christ Church Mall"

Towards a Plan for Oxford City, published in 1944

Central Oxford had become acutely congested with motor traffic in the 1920s and 1930s. When Dale first moved from Banbury to Oxford he practised from an office in Carfax "but the traffic there was shocking" so he gave up his office and practised from home.[2]

In September 1941 Dale published a six-page pamphlet called Christ Church Mall: a Diversion in which he proposed a relief road skirting the south side of Christ Church Meadow along the bank of the River Thames to link Abingdon Road and Iffley Road to bypass High Street.[19]

In 1944 Dale expanded on his proposals into a 60-page book, Towards a Plan for Oxford City, illustrated with some of his own watercolours.

St. Ebbes
.

In 1946 the

Thomas Sharp
to make proposals to relieve Oxford's traffic and re-plan parts of the city. In 1948 Sharp published his report as a book, Oxford Replanned, in which he paid tribute:

Mr. Dale has presented his case very attractively and wittily, and has done the city a considerable service in braving the controversy which was bound to result from any attempt to touch even the hem of the sacred Christ Church Meadow.[20]

However, Sharp also thought that Dale's "Christ Church Mall" would be too indirect, particularly for traffic from Headington Hill and Marston Road.[21] Sharp instead proposed a road across the northern side of Christ Church Meadow, which he called "Merton Mall" as it would have passed very close to Merton College.[22]

The Times also commended Dale for "presenting his case with architectural vision, wit and eloquence" in Towards a Plan for Oxford City, and quoted Dale's vision that "a finely designed parkway" would be "A beautiful road between the Towers and the Thames severally dreaming and streaming".[6]

Lawrence Dale's gravestone in Wolvercote Cemetery

In 1956 the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation held an enquiry at which Dale continued to make his case. Dale told the enquiry:

nobody more than he admired the beauty of Christ Church Meadow, and anyone who wanted a road through it was a vandal. But, he said, there was a vast difference in having a road round the Meadow, as he was suggesting. The road could be so landscaped that it could not be seen from the river or from the north side of the meadow. The real beauty of the meadow was Merton Fields and the Broad Walk, and that would be destroyed by Dr. Sharp's plan.[23]

Dale cited in his support Professor Sir

Royal Academy, who "had said, in 1944, that Christ Church Meadow would suffer no detriment if skirted by a tree-lined road".[23]

Sharp's proposal was the subject of more than 20 years of political and public debate and protest. Neither Sharp's nor Dale's proposed road was ever built.

List of works

St Swithun's parish church, Kennington, Oxfordshire (formerly Berkshire) (1958)
St Michael and All Angels parish church, New Marston, Oxford (1956), from the southwest
St Michael and All Angels parish church from the southeast

Buildings

Writings

  • Dale, T. Lawrence (1933). Report on
    Oxford Architectural Society
    .
  • Dale, T. Lawrence (1935). "Architectural notes (Faringdon, Great Coxwell Barn, Coleshill House, Kelmscott House, Langford Church)". Oxfordshire Archaeological Society Report. Oxfordshire Archaeological Society: 59ff.
  • Dale, T. Lawrence (1937). "Architectural notes on 1937 excursion (Stone Church; Court House, Long Crendon; Hartwell House; Long Crendon Manor; Aylesbury; Thame Church)". Oxfordshire Archaeological Society Report. Oxfordshire Archaeological Society: 3ff.
  • Dale, T. Lawrence (1941). Christ Church Mall: A Diversion.
  • Dale, T. Lawrence (1944). Towards a Plan for Oxford City. London:
    Faber and Faber
    .

References

  1. ^ a b c Dale's gravestone in Wolvercote Cemetery
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Peters, David (10 December 1954). "With Camera and Pen, Impressions by David Peters". The Oxford Times.
  3. ^ a b c d e Brodie, 2001, page 492
  4. ^ a b Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 334
  5. ^ a b c d e "Lawrence Dale Dies in Oxford, Prominent City and County Architect". The Oxford Times. 3 April 1959.
  6. ^ a b c "Mr. Lawrence Dale, Plans for Oxford Roads". The Times. 31 March 1959.
  7. ^ a b c Kirby, Terry (4 August 2007). "The strange case of Baroness de Stempel: How the death of an eccentric architect revealed a web of murder, fraud and intrigue". The Independent. The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d Garrett, Ivy (2008). "Village Hall". Ickford Parish Council. Ickford Parish Council. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  9. ^ a b "Wyldes Farm". Welcome to Hampstead Garden Suburb. Hampstead Garden Suburb Residents' Association. 1998. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  10. ^ a b c Newman & Pevsner, 1972, page 88
  11. ^ a b Nicholson, Tony (March 2009). "Charles Edwin Ponting FSA, 1849–1932". The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin Gillingham Dorset. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i Crossley & Elrington, 1979, pages 369–412
  13. ^ a b Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, pages 336–337
  14. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 337
  15. ^ a b Pevsner, 1966, page 159
  16. ^ "Fact Sheet 8: Church of St Alban the Martyr". Ss Mary & John Churchyard. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  17. ^ a b Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 339
  18. ^ "Exhibition of Water Colours". The Oxford Times. 20 July 1956.
  19. ^ Dale, 1944, pages 9–10
  20. ^ Sharp, 1948, page 113
  21. ^ Sharp, 1948, pages 113–114
  22. ^ Sharp, 1948, pages 114–119
  23. ^ a b "Mr Dale Renews Case for Christ Church Mall". Oxford Mail. 14 February 1956.
  24. ^ "Hill Close". Welcome to Hampstead Garden Suburb. Hampstead Garden Suburb Residents' Association. 1998. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  25. ^ "Winchester Rural District Council". Access to Archives. The National Archives. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
  26. ^ "Hook Manor". Ancestral Links. English Heritage. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  27. ^ Lobel, 1962, pages 119–219
  28. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 653
  29. ^ "Transformation of School at Deddington". Oxford Mail. 9 April 1958.
  30. ^ Salzman, 1951, pages 161–164
  31. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, pages 794, 795

Sources

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