Tanzan Ishibashi
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Tanzan Ishibashi | |
---|---|
石橋 湛山 | |
Prime Minister of Japan | |
In office 23 December 1956 – 31 January 1957 | |
Monarch | Hirohito |
Preceded by | Ichirō Hatoyama |
Succeeded by | Nobusuke Kishi |
Director-General of the Japan Defense Agency | |
In office 23 December 1956 – 31 January 1957 | |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Funada Naka |
Succeeded by | Nobusuke Kishi |
Minister of Posts and Telecommunications | |
In office 23 December 1956 – 27 December 1956 | |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Isamu Murakami |
Succeeded by | Taro Hirai |
Minister of International Trade and Industry | |
In office 10 December 1954 – 23 December 1956 | |
Prime Minister | Ichirō Hatoyama |
Preceded by | Kiichi Aichi |
Succeeded by | Mikio Mizuta |
Minister of Finance | |
In office 22 May 1946 – 24 May 1947 | |
Prime Minister | Shigeru Yoshida |
Preceded by | Keizo Shibusawa |
Succeeded by | Tetsu Katayama (Acting) |
Member of the House of Representatives for Shizuoka 2nd District | |
In office 1 October 1952 – 29 January 1967 | |
In office 26 April 1947 – 17 May 1947 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Seizō Sugita 25 September 1884 Tokyo, Japan |
Died | 25 April 1973 Osaka, Japan | (aged 88)
Political party | Liberal Democratic Party (1955–1973) |
Alma mater | Waseda University |
Signature | |
Tanzan Ishibashi (石橋 湛山, Ishibashi Tanzan, 25 September 1884 – 25 April 1973) was a Japanese
Life
Ishibashi was born in the Shibanihonenoki district of Azabu ward, Tokyo in 1884, the eldest son of Sugita Tansei (1856–1931),[1] a Nichiren Buddhist priest and the 81st head of Kuon-ji temple in Yamanashi prefecture. Ishibashi, who took on his mother's surname, would later become a Nichiren priest himself.[2][3] He studied philosophy and graduated from Waseda University's literature department in 1907.[4]
He worked as a journalist at the Mainichi Shimbun for a while. After he finished military service, he joined the staff of the Tōyō Keizai Shimpo ("Eastern Economic Journal"), later becoming its editor-in-chief and finally company president in 1941. For the Tōyō Keizai, Ishibashi wrote about Japanese financial policy, developing over time a new liberal perspective.[5]
Ishibashi had a liberal political view and was one of the most consistent proponents of individualism during the Taishō Democracy movement. In this regard, he also promoted a feminist perspective, advocating comprehensive "legal, political, educational, and economic" equality for women so that they could better thrive in the competitive modern society, in contrast to the stratified conditions of feudal life.[6] Ishibashi was also one of the rare personalities who opposed Japanese imperialism.[7] Instead, he advocated a "Small Japan" policy (小日本主義, shō-Nihon-shugi), which advocated the abandonment of Manchuria and Japanese colonies to refocus efforts on Japan's own economic and cultural development.[5][8] In addition, he allied himself with Tanaka Ōdō in arguing for free trade and international cooperation over militarism and colonialism.[6]
After
When Hatoyama retired in 1956, the LDP held a vote for their new president. At first
Even after Ishibashi resigned the posts of prime minister and president of LDP, he remained a powerful faction boss and prominent figure among ex-Liberal Party politicians in the LDP. Ishibashi opposed Kishi's efforts to force through a revised version of the
Ishibashi also remained a major figure in Japan's ongoing efforts to engage with the People's Republic of China,[4] making a personal visit to China in 1963.[18]
Tanzan Ishibashi died on April 24, 1973 [19]
Waseda University later introduced the Waseda Journalism Award In Memory of Ishibashi Tanzan in 2001.[20]
Honors
From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (29 April 1964)
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (25 April 1973; posthumous)
References
Citations
- ^ "Sugita Nippu". Wikidata.
- ^ "石橋湛山は得度しているが、僧籍はあるか。あるとしたら日蓮宗の僧階は何か。". Collaborative Reference Database (in Japanese). National Diet Library. November 2, 2019.
- JSTOR 44362378– via JSTOR.
- ^ a b "Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures — Ishibashi Tanzan". National Diet Library. 2013.
- ^ a b Keshi, Jiang (c. 2006). "Ishibashi Tanzan's World Economic Theory: The War Resistance of an Economist in the 1930's" (PDF). Princeton University.
- ^ S2CID 162629157– via JSTOR.
- ^ Inoki 2016, pp. 89–90.
- ^ "The wisdom of Tanzan Ishibashi". 20 October 2017.
- ^ Inoki 2016, p. 90.
- ^ Inoki 2016, pp. 92–93.
- S2CID 154135817– via JSTOR.
- ^ Inoki 2016, p. 87.
- ^ Kapur 2018, pp. 79–80.
- ^ Kapur 2018, p. 80.
- ^ "Period of President Ishibashi's Leadership". Liberal Democratic Party.
- ^ Kapur 2018, p. 12.
- ^ Kapur 2018, p. 89.
- ^ "Chairman Mao Meets with Former Japanese PM". China-Japan Year of Cultural & Sports Exchanges: Historical Gallery. China Internet Information Center. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "Tanzan Ishibashi Dies at 88; Was Former Premier of Japan". The New York Times. 25 April 1973.
- ^ In Pursuit of Excellent Journalism -The Course of the Waseda Journalism Award
Sources cited
- Inoki, Takenori (2016). "Ishibashi Tanzan: A Coherent Liberal Thinker". In Watanabe, Akio (ed.). The Prime Ministers of Postwar Japan, 1945-1995. Lanham, MD: ISBN 978-1-4985-1001-1.
- Kapur, Nick (2018). Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674984424.
Further reading
- Liberalism in Modern Japan: Ishibashi Tanzan and His Teachers, 1905-1960, by Sharon H. Nolte, Published by University of California Press, 1986
- Ishibashi Tanzan’s World Economic Theory - The War Resistance of an Economist in the 1930s, Princeton University (http://www.princeton.edu/~collcutt/doc/Keshi_English.pdf)