Thian Hock Keng
天福宮 | |
Mazuism, Buddhism | |
Established | 1821–1822 |
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Architecture | |
Style | Hokkien architecture |
Groundbreaking | 1839 |
Completion date | 1842 |
Construction cost | 30,000 Spanish dollars |
Site | |
Location | Telok Ayer Street |
Country | Singapore |
Coordinates | 1°16′51.8″N 103°50′51.1″E / 1.281056°N 103.847528°E |
Website | www |
Designated | 6 July 1973 |
Reference no. | 5 |
Thian Hock Keng | ||
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Hanyu Pinyin Tiānfú Gōng | | |
Southern Min | ||
Hokkien POJ | Thian-hok-keng |
Thian Hock Keng
Thian Hock Keng was
History
The temple originated as a small
Starting in 1839, the temple was rebuilt with funds collected over the years and donations from the community, the largest of which was from
In 1840, the clan association Hokkien Huay Kuan serving the Hokkien community was formed within the temple ground of Thian Hock Keng.[2] In 1849, the Chung Wen Pagoda and Chong Boon Gate were added to the right of the main temple. The building was renovated in 1906, and some 'western-style' features were added, such as a wrought-iron gate from Glasgow and dado tiling.[7] A scroll and plaque were presented to the temple by Guangxu Emperor to the temple in 1907. The Chong Hock Pavilion was built in 1913, and was once used by the Chong Hock Girls' School established in the temple.[8]
The temple was gazetted as a National Monument in 1973. A major renovation of the temple was initiated in 1998 and completed in 2000 at a cost of US$2.2 million. The renovation received an honourable mention from the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation in 2001.[7]
Architecture
Thian Hock Keng, built on a square site, is of traditional Chinese design whereby a group of buildings or pavilions cluster around the main courtyard. It has the standard layout of three halls that are commonly found in such temples, with an entrance hall, a main hall, and a rear hall.[2] The temple is constructed in the temple architecture style commonly found in Fujian. The main halls are of single-storey beam-frame structures with brackets supporting curving roofs with wide eaves.[5] Dragons and other decorative motifs are placed on the roofs of the entrance hall as well as the main hall.
The entrance hall has one main door and two side doors, with a high step in front. The side entrances are decorated with coloured tiles with peacocks, roses, and the Buddhist swastika motif that symbolises good luck, eternity and immortality.[4] Guarding the doors are the traditional sentinels of Taoist temple – stone lions and Door Gods.[9] The temple is richly decorated with coloured tiles, red, black and gold lacquered wood, as well as figures of dragons and phoenix, with embellished and gilded beams, brackets, and ceilings.
The entrance leads directly into main courtyard. Overlooking the courtyard is the temple proper where the shrine of Mazu is located. On either side of the temple are
Worship
The main deity worshiped in the temple is
A smaller shrine dedicated to
References
- ^ "About Us", Official site, Singapore: Thian Hock Keng, 2007. (in Chinese) & (in English)
- ^ a b c d "Thian Hock Keng". Roots. National Heritage Board.
- ^ William Campbell (3 August 1973). "Ancestors' memory saves a temple". The Straits Times. p. 10.
- ^ ISBN 981-4068-23-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-9971947972.
- ISBN 978-9814260374.
- ^ a b "Project Profile - 2001 Honourable Mention - Thian Hock Temple". UNESCO.
- ^ "Thian Hock Keng". Infopedia. National Library Board, Singapore.
- ISBN 9781740597081.
- ^ "Warm welcome for sea goddess Mazu". The Straits Times. 7 July 2017.
- ^ "Deities". Thian Hock Keng. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016.
News articles
- "Statue of Chinese sea goddess Mazu from Meizhou temple makes maiden voyage to Singapore". The Straits Times (online). 6 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- "Where seafarers prayed for safe passage". The Straits Times (online). 14 September 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2022.