Thiosulfinate
In organosulfur chemistry, thiosulfinate is a functional group consisting of the linkage R-S(O)-S-R (R are organic substituents). Thiolsulfinates are also named as alkanethiosulfinic (or arenethiosulfinic) acid esters.
They are the first of the series of functional groups containing an oxidized disulfide bond. Other members of this family include thiosulfonates (R-SO2-S-R), α-disulfoxides (R-S(O)-S(O)-R), sulfinyl sulfones (R-S(O)-SO2-R), and α-disulfones (R-SO2-SO2-R), of which all (except α‑disulfoxides[2]) are known. The thiosulfinate group can occur in cyclic as well as acyclic structures.[3][4][5]
Occurrence
A variety of acyclic and cyclic thiosulfinates are found in plants, or formed when the plants are cut or crushed.
A well-known thiosulfinate is
Zeylanoxides are cyclic thiosulfinates containing the 1,2-
Crushing the roots of
Properties
Allicin, S-benzyl phenylmethanethiosulfinate, and related thiosulfinates show radical-trapping antioxidant activity associated with easy formation of sulfenic acids[12] The acyclic thiosulfinates from Allium and Brassica species possess antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antitumor and cysteine protease inhibitory activity while the natural 1,2-dithiolane-1-oxides are growth inhibitors. The thiosulfinates from Petiveria also exhibit antimicrobial activity.[13]
Thiosulfinates feature a S(IV) center linked to a S(II) center, the former being
Formation and reactions
Synthetic thiosulfinates were first reported in 1947 by Cavallito and coworkers by
One example of a moderately stable thiosulfinate is the tert-
In a similar manner racemic methyl methanethiosulfinate (CH3S(O)SCH3) can be obtained by peracetic acid oxidation of dimethyl disulfide.[19] Methyl methanethiosulfinate decomposes thermally giving methanesulfenic acid (CH3SOH), the simplest sulfenic acid, as well as thioformaldehyde (CH2=S). Methyl methanethiosulfinate can also disproportionate to a 1:1 mixture of dimethyl disulfide and methyl methanethiosulfonate (CH3SO2SCH3) and rearrange via a Pummerer rearrangement to CH3S(O)CH2SSCH3.[20][21]
An unusual three-membered ring thiosulfinate (a dithiirane 1-oxide) has been prepared through rearrangement of a 1,3-
Thiosulfinates have also been invoked as intermediates in the oxidation of thiols to sulfonic acids.
References
- ^ See sulfoxide for discussion and references regarding the bonding in divalent monooxosulfur structures.
- .
- ISBN 9780120335176.
- ISBN 9780470772270.
- ^ Braverman, S; Cherkinsky, M.; Levinger, S. (2007). "Alkanethiosulfinic Acid Esters". Sci. Synth. 39: 229–235.
- PMID 20047275.
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