Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel
Howard | |
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| Spouse(s) | Alethea Talbot |
| Issue | William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford Henry Howard, 15th Earl of Arundel James Howard, Lord Maltravers |
| Parents | Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel Anne Dacre |
Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel
He is sometimes referred to as the 21st Earl of Arundel, ignoring the supposed second creation of 1289, or the 2nd Earl of Arundel, the latter numbering depending on whether one views the earldom obtained by his father as a new creation or not. He was also 2nd or 4th Earl of Surrey; and was later created 1st Earl of Norfolk (5th creation). He is also known as "the Collector Earl".
Early life and restoration to titles
Arundel was born in relative penury, at
Diplomatic and political career
Arundel was an effective diplomat during the reign of James I. After coming to court, he travelled abroad, acquiring his taste for art.[2]
He was created
Arundel presided over the
On the marriage of his son Henry to Lady Elizabeth Stewart (daughter of Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox) without the king's approval, he was imprisoned in the Tower by Charles I, shortly after his accession, but was released at the instance of the Lords in June 1626, being again confined to his house till March 1628, when he was once more liberated by the Lords. In the debates on the Petition of Right, while approving its essential demands, he supported the retention of some discretionary power by the king in committing to prison. The same year he was reconciled to the king and again made a privy councillor.
On 29 August 1621 Arundel had been appointed
In 1636 Arundel undertook an unsuccessful mission to the emperor Ferdinand II to procure the restitution of the Palatinate to Charles I's nephew Charles Louis, whose father had been deposed after claiming and losing the throne of Bohemia.[3] In 1638 he was entrusted with the charge of the forts on the border with Scotland, and, supporting alone amongst the peers the war against the Scots, was made general of the king's forces in the first Bishops' War, though "he had nothing martial about him but his presence and looks."[4] He was not employed in the second Bishops' War, but in August 1640 was nominated captain general south of the Trent.
Arundel was appointed
Death and succession
With the troubles that would lead to the Civil War brewing, Arundel decided not to return from the Netherlands to England, and instead settled first in Antwerp and then at a villa near Padua, Italy. He contributed a sum of £34,000 to the king's cause, and suffered severe losses in the war.[2]
He died in Padua in 1646, having returned to the Roman Catholicism he nominally abandoned on joining the Privy Council, and was buried in Arundel. He was succeeded as Earl by his eldest son
Arundel had petitioned the king for restoration of the ancestral Dukedom of Norfolk. While the restoration was not to occur until the time of his grandson, he was created Earl of Norfolk in 1644, which at least ensured the title would stay with his family. Arundel also got Parliament to entail his earldoms to the descendants of his grandfather the 4th Duke of Norfolk.
Collector and patron of the arts
Thomas's trips as special envoy to some of the great courts of Europe further encouraged his interest in art collecting. He became noted as a patron and collector of works of art, described by
Among Arundel's circle of scholarly and literary friends were James Ussher, William Harvey, John Selden and Francis Bacon. The architect Inigo Jones accompanied Arundel on one of his trips to Italy in 1613 and 1614, a journey which took both men as far as Naples. In the Veneto Arundel saw the work of Palladio which was to become so influential to Jones's later career. Soon after the latter's return to England, he became Surveyor to the King's Works.
Arundel collected drawings by
He had a large collection of antique sculptures, the
An inventory of Arundel's paintings was prepared in 1655 following the death of the Countess of Arundel. It was published as part of Mary Hervey's collected edition of his correspondence.
The coins and medals were bought by Heneage Finch, Earl of Winchilsea, and dispersed in 1696; the library, at the instance of John Evelyn, who feared its total loss, was given to the Royal Society, and a part, consisting of genealogical and heraldic collections, to the College of Heralds, the manuscript portion of the Royal Society's portion being transferred to the British Museum in 1831.[7]
In 1995, the J.Paul Getty Museum mounted an exhibition of Thomas Howard's and his wife Aletheia's extensive art collection.
Manuscript collections
Arundel's important collection of manuscripts passed on his death to his son, the 15th Earl, and later to his grandson, Henry Howard (afterwards 6th Duke of Norfolk). In 1666, Howard divided the collection between the Royal Society and the College of Arms. The Royal Society sold its portion to the British Museum in 1831, and they now form the Arundel manuscripts within the British Library.[8]
Family
With his wife Alethea (married 1606) he had six children,[9]
- James Howard, Lord Maltravers (1607–1624)
- Henry Howard, 15th Earl of Arundel (1608–1652)
- William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford (1614–1680)
- Mary Anne Howard (1614-1658)
References
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (December 2018) |
- ^ Hervey 1921, p. 9.
- ^ a b c d e f Chisholm 1911, p. 708.
- ^ Sharpe, Kevin (1992). The Personal Rule of Charles I. p. 519.
- ^ According to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon; actual source unknown
- ^ . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ISBN 978-0-691-04497-2. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 708–709.
- OCLC 40683642.
- ^ Mary F. S. Hervey, The Life, Correspondance and Collection of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, Appendix II, p. 459
Sources
- Jaffe, David., Allen, Denise., Kolb, Ariane F., Kleeman, Eva, Foister, Susan, et al. The Earl and Countess of Arundel: Renaissance Collectors (Apollo Magazine publication, 1996).
- Chaney, Edward, The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion (Geneva, 1985).
- Chaney, Edward, The Evolution of the Grand Tour, 2nd ed (London, 2000).
- Chaney, Edward, 'Evelyn, Inigo Jones, and the Collector Earl of Arundel', John Evelyn and his Milieu, eds. F. Harris and M. Hunter (British Library, 2003).
- Chaney, Edward ed., The Evolution of English Collecting (New Haven and London, 2003)
- Chaney, Edward, Inigo Jones's 'Roman Sketchbook', 2 vols (London, 2006).
- Chaney, Edward, "Roma Britannica and the Cultural Memory of Egypt: Lord Arundel and the Obelisk of Domitian", in Roma Britannica: Art Patronage and Cultural Exchange in Eighteenth-Century Rome, eds. D. Marshall, K. Wolfe and S. Russell, British School at Rome, 2011, pp. 147–70.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Arundel, Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 706–709.
- ISBN 978-0-527-39800-2. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- Howarth, David, Lord Arundel and his Circle (New Haven and London, 1985).
- Gilman, Ernest B., Recollecting the Arundel Circle (New York, 2002).
- Thomas Howard is portrayed in Le Voleur d'éternité, la vie aventureuse de William Petty, Robert Laffont, 2004, by Alexandra Lapierre, a French novelist.
External links
- Rubens' portrait of the Earl, at the National Gallery
- Van Dyck's portrait at the Getty Museum
- Mytens' portrait at the National Portrait Gallery
- Portrait of Thomas Howard, count of Arundel and his wife Alathea Talbot Sir Anthony Van Dyck
- Lee, Sidney, ed. (1891). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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