Thomas Yale (chancellor)

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Westminster Palace

Thomas Yale (1525/6 – 1577) was the Chancellor and

Elizabeth Tudor, and Dean of the Arches at the Court of High Commission, during the Elizabethan Religious Settlement
.

Early life

Dr. Thomas Yale was born in 1525 or 1526 to David Lloyd ap Ellis of Plas-yn-

Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford.[12] Jasper was Thomas Yale's third cousin, along with his brother, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, father of the first Tudor monarch, and half-brothers of King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster.[13]

Cardinal Wolsey
, and member of his household

Thomas had two brothers, one named Roger, the other named John. Roger Lloyd Yale of Brynglas was

Cardinal Wolsey, along with Thomas Cromwell, and was married to Katherine, a daughter of William ap Griffith Vychan, Baron of Edeirnion and Lord of Kymmer-yn-Edeirnion.[14][15][16][17] His patron, Cardinal Wolsey, was Henry VIII's chief minister, the owner of Hampton Court Palace, and England's most powerful man, next to the King, as Lord High Chancellor, and played a major role in the English Reformation
.

His other brother, John Wynn (Yale), the ancestor of the House of Yale (Yale family) of America and Wales, was the father of Dr. David Yale of Erddig Park, Chancellor of Chester, who married Frances Lloyd, daughter of Admiralty Judge John Lloyd, a board member of the University of Oxford and cofounder with Queen Elizabeth I of the first protestant college at Oxford.[18][19] His wife Elizabeth was a granddaughter of Sir William Griffith of Penrhyn Castle, the Chamberlain of North Wales, and remarried to Sir Evan Lloyd.[20] Griffith was a relative of Margaret Beaufort, mother of king Henry Tudor, and Charles Brandon, husband of queen Mary Tudor. David Yale became the great-grandfather of Governor Elihu Yale who gave his name to Yale University.[21][22] His son, Thomas Yale Sr., was the father of the Yales who emigrated to America with the Eaton family, and was a cousin by marriage of Francis Willughby and Duchess Cassandra Willoughby of Wollaton Hall. Cassandra was related to Jane Austen, author of Pride and Prejudice.[23]

David Yale was also the uncle of Elizabeth Weston, daughter of Knight

Fitzgerald Dynasty, through the Merioneth House of Corsygedol.[3][1][2] The Lord of Yale
title historically belonged to this family.

Career

Canterbury Cathedral, the cathedral of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, head of the Church of England

Thomas Yale graduated B.A. at

Cambridge University in 1542–3, and was elected a Fellow, member of the governing body of Queen's College of the University of Cambridge about 1544.[26] He commenced M.A. in 1546, and filled the office of Bursar to his college from 1549 to 1551. He was one of the Proctors of the University for the year commencing Michaelmas 1552, but resigned before the expiration of his term of office. In 1554 he was appointed Commissary of the Diocese of Ely under Chancellor John Fuller, and in 1555 he was Keeper of the Spiritualities of the Diocese of Bangor during the vacancy after the death of Arthur Bulkeley
, Bishop of Bangor. In that year he subscribed the Roman Catholic articles imposed upon all graduates of the University.

During the reign of

Elizabeth Tudor, for the consecration of Lord Archbishop Matthew Parker, as her first head of the Anglican Church, was legally valid.[29][30] The civilians were Lord Chancellor Robert Weston, Vice-Chancellor Henry Harvey, Bishop Nicholas Bullingham, and Master Edward Leeds.[31]

Elizabeth Tudor

For the Archbishop's consecration, it was Yale who read the Queen's mandate and

Anglican thought, bringing the Church of England into a national institution.[34]

A few years later, Parker would also be of help to the Queen and Lord Cecil regarding the legitimacy of the

ward of the Queen, none had interest of accepting the petition of Lord Windsor and Katherine de Vere, his half-sister. Archbishop Parker settled the marriage matters, and Lord Cecil took credit in a letter.[39]

Thomas Yale's nephew, Dr. David Yale, Chancellor of Chester, and Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge also later wrote a letter to Lord Cecil concerning the nominations of Humphrey Tyndall and Dr. Chaderton (the current President of Queens'), begging to keep the influence of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester over the Fellows of the University.[40] Despite this, Lord Cecil used his influence to have Tyndall elected President of Queens' College and Dr. Chaderton as Bishop of Chester, reducing the Queen's favourite influence.[40]

On March 25, 1560, Thomas Yale was admitted to the Prebend of Offley in Lichfield Cathedral. In the same year he became Rector of Leverington in the Isle of Ely. He, Alexander Nowell, Richard Turner, and other Archiepiscopal commissioners, were sent to visit the churches and Dioceses of Canterbury, Rochester, and Peterborough, meeting with Dean Nicholas Wotton, a Royal envoy of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[31] On April 24, 1561, the Archbishop commissioned him and Vice-Chancellor, Walter Wright to visit the church, city, and Diocese of Oxford.

Judge

Painting of Lambeth Palace, London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury and his household, Yale was a member of its court, is now at the Museum of London

Yale was part of the

Elizabeth Tudor’s education, and aided her in her subsequent rise to power.[41] As a reward for validating the election of Matthew Parker as new head of the Anglican Church, she gave him positions. On June 28, 1561, he was constituted for life Judge of the Court of Audience, Official Principal, Chancellor, and Vicar general to the 1st Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, and in the same year obtained the Rectory of Llantrisant, Anglesey
.

As a member of the household of Archbishop

Tudor England.[45] In 1562 he became Chancellor of the Diocese of Bangor in Wales, and in May, was commissioned by Matthew Parker to visit All Souls and Merton College at Oxford. In 1563 he was on a commission to visit the Diocese of Ely with John Pory and Edward Leeds.[31]

On July 7, 1564, Yale was instituted to the

Dean of the Arches, becoming the judge who presides over the Arches Court, a post which he resigned in 1573. His replacement was Bartholomew Clerke, tutor of the young Earl of Oxford. When Queen Elizabeth made Richard Rogers the new Bishop Suffragan of Dover in 1569, Matthew Parker consecrated him with episcopal insignia at Lambeth Palace, with the assistance of the Bishop of London, Edmund Grindal. Yale and William Drury, England's two leading ecclesiastical lawyers, William King, one of the Queen's chaplains, and Gabriel Goodman, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral and Lord Cecil's chaplain, were present at the event.[46] Drury was later sent as an Ambassador on behalf of Queen Elizabeth to meet the Regent of Scotland, James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, representing Mary, Queen of Scots
for talks.

In 1570, Yale seems to have established an exclusive claim to the right to dispense and license in marriage matters, a function he delegated in 1573 to his commissary general.

Shakespeare played his works at the time.[48] Cope also organized Shakespeare's representation of Love's Labour's Lost with Lord Robert Cecil at Cecil House, in honor of the visit of Queen Anne of Denmark.[49]

Later life

Yale's patron, Matthew Parker, commanded by Queen Anne Boleyn to the care of the young Elizabeth

Thomas Yale married in 1561 Joanna (died September 12, 1587), daughter of Nicholas Waleron.

Sir Thomas Wyatt.[53][51][52] He was also involved with reformer Philip Melanchthon, a collaborator of Martin Luther. Joanna married secondly to the Lord Archbishop of York, William May, who was the President of Queens' College, Cambridge. Her brother-in-law was the Bishop of Carlisle, John May, who previously served the House of de Vere. Thomas Yale was also the father-in-law of Amye Marshall, the cousin of Sir Lawrence Washington, member of the Washington family.[54] He was from the branch of Lawrence Washington of Sulgrave Manor, the great-great-grandfather of George Washington, 1st President of the United States.[54]

On Parker's death in 1575, Yale acted as one of his executors. Yale was also godfather to Bishop Bullingham's children. Matthew Parker's successor, Edmund Grindal, 2nd Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, and new Head of the Anglican Church, also appointed him Chancellor, Vicar general, Official Principal and Judge of his audience.[55][56] On 23 April 1576 he was placed on a commission for repressing religious malcontents. On 2 May he and Nicholas Robinson, Bishop of Bangor, were empowered by Grindal to visit on his behalf the Diocese of Bangor, and on 17 August he and Gilbert Berkeley, Bishop of Bath and Wells, were similarly commissioned to visit the church at Wells.

In the same year, Yale and Dr.

Elizabeth Tudor and Lord Cecil, the Queen suspended Archbishop Grindal in June 1577. Yale discharged his judicial duties for him and governed the whole Province of Canterbury, covering roughly two-thirds of England, continuing to rule until November when he fell ill.[57] He built in 1575 the Yale Chapel at Bryneglwys, which overlies the Yale family burial vault, and died in either November or December, 1577.[58]

Bryneglwys, Saint Tysilio church, the "Yale Chapel" was built by Dr. Yale in 1575 during the Tudor period

His 170 acres residence in

Longleat House. It was later sold by Yale's family, and passed to Gov. Richard Benyon of Gidea Hall, and now belongs to his descendant, British Minister Richard Benyon of Englefield House.[52]

For many years, Yale was an ecclesiastical

Llywelyn the Last to Archbishop Robert Kilwardby, under Pope Gregory X of the Visconti family, and Archbishop John Peckham, under Pope Nicholas III of the Orsini family.[64]

Some manuscript extracts by him entitled ‘Collecta ex Registro Archiepiscoporum Cantuar.’ are preserved among the Cottonian manuscripts (Cleopatra F. i. 267), and were printed in

Lord Cecil's papers at Hatfield House, regarding pleadings on the Hatfield Regis Priory in Essex.[65] His nephew was Chancellor David Yale, his great-grandnephew was Capt. Thomas Yale, and his great-great-grandnephew was Gov. Elihu Yale, benefactor of Yale University in America.[21][4]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b Burke, John; Burke, Sir Bernard (1850). "A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland".
  2. ^ a b Llancarvan, Caradoc of (1832). "The History of Wales".
  3. ^ a b The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Biographical, The American Historical Society, New York, 1920, p. 51-52
  4. ^ a b Rodney Horace Yale (1908). "Yale genealogy and history of Wales : the British kings and princes, life of Owen Glyndwr, biographies of Governor Elihu Yale". p. 7.
  5. ^ "Yale genealogy and history of Wales : the British kings and princes, life of Owen Glyndwr, biographies of Governor Elihu Yale, for whom Yale University was named, Linus Yale, Sr. ... and other noted persons" (PDF). Forgotten Books. pp. 77–80. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  6. ^ Lloyd, Jacob Youde William (1887). "The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog: And the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd". pp. 1–4.
  7. ^ Burke, Bernard (1882). "A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland".
  8. Sir Owen Tudor
    is Tomos ap Llewelyn, Tudur's grandfather and Owen's great-grandfather
  9. ^ What is a Second Cousin, Owain Glyndwr, brother of Tudur ap Gruffudd, grandfather of Ellis ap Griffith (Elissau ap Gruffudd), "see House of Tudor#Patrilineal_descent
  10. ^ Lloyd, Jacob Youde William (1887). "The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog: And the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd". Whitting & Co., London. pp. 386–389.
  11. ^ Lloyd, Jacob Youde William (1887). "The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd". Whiting & Co. pp. 386–389.
  12. ^ Lloyd, Jacob Youde William (1887). "The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog: And the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd". pp. 387–388–389.
  13. ^ What is a Second Cousin, Owain Glyndwr, brother of Tudur ap Gruffudd, grandfather of Ellis ap Griffith (Elissau ap Gruffudd), "see House of Tudor#Patrilineal_descent, common ancestor with Jasper Tudor is Tomos ap Llewelyn
  14. ^ "Thomas Cromwell, Early Career & Rise"., World History Encyclopedia
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  16. ^ 'Henry VIII: April 1529, 21-25', in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 4, 1524-1530, ed. J S Brewer (London, 1875), pp. 2414-2427. British History Online, [accessed 24 April 2023].
  17. ^ Strype, Life of Parker, ii. 186
  18. ^ "Yale genealogy and history of Wales : the British kings and princes, life of Owen Glyndwr, biographies of Governor Elihu Yale, for whom Yale University was named, Linus Yale, Sr. ... and other noted persons" (PDF). Forgotten Books. p. 80. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  19. ^ "Yale genealogy and history of Wales : the British kings and princes, life of Owen Glyndwr, biographies of Governor Elihu Yale, for whom Yale University was named, Linus Yale, Sr. ... and other noted persons by Yale, Rodney Horace, 1864-1937, page 79-80". 1908.
  20. ^ Burke, Bernard (1898). "A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland". p. 1652.
  21. ^ a b The Episcopal Administration of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1559-1575, p. 95
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  23. ^ Jane Austen: 6 Interesting Facts About the Beloved English Author, Two specialists from the Jane Austen Society of North America share intriguing highlights of the author's life, career and literary impact.
  24. ^ Rodney Horace Yale (1908). "Yale genealogy and history of Wales : the British kings and princes, life of Owen Glyndwr, biographies of Governor Elihu Yale" (PDF). www.archive.org. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  25. ^ John Burke, John Bernard Burke A genealogical and heraldic history of the extinct and dormant baronetcies
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  27. C. H. Cooper
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  41. JSTOR 41337126
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 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Yale, Thomas". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

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