Tracking system

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Issue tracking system.
A resident of Beaumont, Texas has his armband scanned as part of the tracking-system being used to identify residents using the transportation services offered by the city of Beaumont to evacuate the city in advance of Hurricane Gustav's landfall on August 31, 2008.
Tracking-system on a forklift
Operation Desert Shield
. The shelter is used by the Marines of the 3rd Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) Platoon to track their Pioneer RPVs during flight.

A tracking system, also known as a locating system, is used for the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a timely ordered sequence of location data for further processing.

Applications

A myriad of tracking systems exist. Some are 'lag time' indicators, that is, the data is collected after an item has passed a point for example, a

RTLS. For example, a passive RFID system would be used in a warehouse to scan the boxes as they are loaded on a truck - then the truck itself is tracked on a different system using GPS with its own features and software.[2]
The major technology “silos” in the supply chain are:

Distribution/warehousing/manufacturing

Indoors assets are

RFID
, then, feeding read data into Work in Progress models (WIP) or Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) or ERP software. The readers required per choke point are meshed auto-ID or hand-held ID applications.

However, tracking could also be capable of providing data monitoring without being bound to a fixed location by using a cooperative tracking capability such as an RTLS.

Yard management

Outdoors mobile assets of high value are tracked by choke point,[4] 802.11,

Received Signal Strength Indication
(RSSI), Time Delay on Arrival (TDOA), active RFID or GPS Yard Management; feeding into either third party yard management software from the provider or to an existing system. Yard Management Systems (YMS) couple location data collected by RFID and GPS systems to help supply chain managers to optimize utilization of yard assets such as trailers and dock doors. YMS systems can use either active or passive RFID tags.

Fleet management

satellite networks to a home station.[5]
Fleet management is required by:

  • Large fleet operators, (vehicle/railcars/trucking/shipping)
  • Forwarding operators (containers, machines, heavy cargo, valuable shippings)
  • Operators who have high equipment and/or cargo/product costs
  • Operators who have a dynamic workload

Person tracking

See also:
Cell phone surveillance, and Digital contact tracing

Person tracking relies on

citizens or temporary residents. The purposes for doing so are numerous, for example from welfare and public security to mass surveillance
.

Attendance management

Mobile phone services

Further information: Mobile phone tracking

RFID and Real-time locating system
(RTLS) systems, with an off the shelf cellular device.

Currently, A-GPS enabled handsets are still highly dependent on the LBS carrier system, so handset device choice and application requirements are still not apparent. Enterprise system integrators need the skills and knowledge to correctly choose the pieces that will fit the application and geography.

Operational requirements

Positional tracking
in a virtual reality headset

Regardless of the tracking technology, for the most part, the end-users just want to locate themselves or wish to find points of interest. The reality is that there is no "one size fits all" solution with locating technology for all conditions and applications.

Application of tracking is a substantial basis for

vehicle tracking in fleet management, asset management
, individual navigation, social networking, or mobile resource management and more. Company, group or individual interests can benefit from more than one of the offered technologies depending on the context.

GPS tracking

Main article:
GPS tracking

GPS has global coverage but can be hindered by line-of-sight issues caused by buildings and urban canyons; Map matching techniques, which involve several algorithms, can help improve accuracy in such conditions.[6] RFID is excellent and reliable indoors or in situations where close proximity to tag readers is feasible, but has limited range and still requires costly readers. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. This technology uses electromagnetic waves to receive the signal from the targeting object to then save the location on a reader that can be looked at through specialized software.[7][8]

Real-time locating systems (RTLS)

multilateration
. Such equipment is suitable for certain confined areas, such as campuses and office buildings. RTLS requires system-level deployments and server functions to be effective.

In virtual space

In

virtual auditory space simulations, a head tracker provides information to a central processor in real time and this enables the processor to select what functions are necessary to give feedback to the user in relation to where they are positioned.[1]

Additionally, there is

vision-based trajectory tracking, that uses a color and depth camera known as a KINECT sensor to track 3D position and movement. This technology can be used in traffic control, human-computer interface, video compression and robotics.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Peter, Emmanuel. "COMPUTERIZED CRIME TRACKING INFORMATION SYSTEM CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN POLICE, ENUGU". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. PMID 22741760
    .
  3. ^ Clancy, Heather. "California security company uses barcodes to help track assets". CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
  4. ^ "Cisco Unveils Wireless Location Solution and New Unified Wireless Network Software Release". CISCO. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
  5. ^ "10 tips for selecting a GPS fleet management solution". Phc News. Archived from the original on 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2011-08-30.
  6. arXiv:2208.02881 [cs.LG
    ].
  7. ^ Warner 2007.
  8. ^ "RFID". RFID Journal LLC. 20 February 2022. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  9. S2CID 2874317
    .

[1][2]

Further reading

  • Jensen, R. C. (2008). "Can I Come in?". THE Journal. 35 (10): S4 – S6. New access-control devices are an important addition to the sophisticated work that one Texas school district is doing to protect its students.
  • Warner, D. J. (2007). "Call to Action: The Fourth Amendment, the Future of Radio Frequency Identification, and Society". Loy. L. A. L. Rev. 854. 40. Imagine a world where children all wear wristbands about the size of a Zippo lighter'-not as the newest fashion statement, but instead for security. These wristbands can transmit a signal with an effective range of over two football fields, narrowing down each child's position to within thirty feet. Furthermore, the system can track the children over a two square mile area surrounding their school. If a child walks off their path or does not make it to school on time, the centralized system automatically sends an e-mail or text message to the child's parents. ... In addition, cars near the children's school are fitted with the same technology, and if a vehicle drives near a child, a voice prompt will alert the driver ... While this scenario may seem fitting for the newest science fiction motion picture, the scene is reality in
    Yokohama City
    , Japan
  • Jurado, Francisco; Palacios, Guillermo; Flores, Francisco (2012). "Vision-Based Trajectory Tracking on the 3D Virtual Space for a Quadrotor". 2012 IEEE Ninth Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference. pp. 31–36.
    S2CID 2874317
    .
  1. ISSN 1059-1028
    . Retrieved 2024-08-23.
  2. ^ "What Does Google Do With Your Data?". What Does Google Do With Your Data?. Retrieved 2024-08-23.
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