Consumer privacy

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Consumer privacy is information privacy as it relates to the consumers of products and services.

A variety of social, legal and political issues arise from the interaction of the public's potential

expectation of privacy and the collection and dissemination of data by businesses or merchants.[1] Consumer privacy concerns date back to the first commercial couriers and bankers who enforced strong measures to protect customer privacy. In modern times, the ethical codes of various professions specify measures to protect customer privacy, including medical privacy and client confidentiality. State interests include matters of national security. Consumer concerned about the invasion of individual information, thus doubtful when thinking about using certain services.[2] Many organizations have a competitive incentive to collect, retain, and use customer data for various purposes, and many companies adopt security engineering
measures to control this data and manage customer expectations and legal requirements for consumer privacy.

Consumer privacy protection is the use of laws and regulations to protect individuals from privacy loss due to the failures and limitations of corporate customer privacy measures. Corporations may be inclined to share data for commercial advantage and fail to officially recognize it as sensitive to avoid

hard drives
) that could store a large amount of data in a portable location.

Businesses have consumer data and information obtained from consumer and client purchases, products, and services. Thus, businesses have the responsibility to keep these data and information safe and confidential. Consumers expect that businesses will take an active stance when protecting consumer privacy issues and supporting confidential agreements.

Telephone Consumer Protection Act and Data Transparency and Privacy Act. Individuals States have laws and regulation that protect consumers as well. One example of this is The California Consumer Privacy Act
.

Legislation

Consumer privacy concerns date back to the first commercial

carceral state, where no privacy in any form nor limits on state oversight or data use exists.[4] Corporate customer privacy practices are approaches taken by commercial organizations to ensure that confidential customer data is not stolen or abused.[5] Since most organizations have strong competitive incentives to retain exclusive access to customer data, and since customer trust is usually a high priority, most companies take some security engineering measures to protect customer privacy. There is also a concern that companies may sell consumer data if they have to declare bankruptcy, although it often violates their own privacy policies.[5]

The measures companies take to protect consumer privacy vary in effectiveness, and would not typically meet the much higher standards of

patient privacy measures in medicine, nor rigorous national security measures in military and intelligence organizations. The California Consumer Privacy Act, for example, protects the use of consumer privacy data by firms and governments. This act makes it harder for firms to extract personal information from consumers and use it for commercial purposes. Some of the rights included in this act include:[6]

  • The right to know about the personal information a business collects about them and how it is used and shared
  • The right to delete personal information collected from them (with some exceptions)
  • The right to opt-out of the sale or sharing of their personal information
  • The right to non-discrimination for exercising their CCPA rights

Since companies operate to generate a

privacy violation incidents.[7]

Some services—notably telecommunications, including Internet—require collecting a vast array of information about users' activities in the course of business, and may also require consultation of these data to prepare bills. In the US and Canada, telecom data must be kept for seven years to permit dispute and consultation about phone charges. These sensitivities have led telecom regulation to be a leader in consumer privacy regulation, enforcing a high level of confidentiality on the sensitive customer communication records. The focus of consumer rights activists on the telecoms industry has super-sided as other industries also gather sensitive consumer data. Such common commercial measures as software-based customer relationship management, rewards programs, and target marketing tend to drastically increase the amount of information gathered (and sometimes shared). These very drastically increase privacy risks and have accelerated the shift to regulation, rather than relying on the corporate desire to preserve goodwill.[citation needed]

Concerns have led to consumer privacy laws in most countries, especially in the European Union,[8] Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Notably, among developed countries, the United States has no such law and relies on corporate customer privacy disclosed in privacy policies to ensure consumer privacy in general. Modern privacy law and regulation may be compared to parts of the Hippocratic Oath, which includes a requirement for doctors to avoid mentioning the ills of patients to others—not only to protect them, but to protect their families— and also recognizes that innocent third parties can be harmed by the loss of control of sensitive personal information.[9][10]

Modern consumer privacy law originated from telecom regulation when it was recognized that a

financial privacy is a major focus of the economy, with severe criminal penalties for violating it.[citation needed
]

History

1970s

Through the 1970s, many other organizations in

rewards programs, companies were acquiring ever more data.[citation needed][11]

Gradually, customer privacy measures were seen as deficient to deal with the many hazards of corporate data sharing, corporate mergers,

European Common Market as it existed before 1992.[citation needed][12]

1990s

Through the 1990s, the proliferation of

developed nations brought the situation to the forefront, and most countries had to implement strong consumer privacy laws, often over the objections of business. The European Union and New Zealand passed particularly strong laws that were used as a template for more limited laws in Australia and Canada and some states of the United States (where no federal law for consumer privacy exists, although there are requirements specific to banking and telecom privacy). In Austria around the 1990s, the mere mention of a client's name in a semi-public social setting was enough to earn a junior bank executive a stiff jail sentence.[13]

2000s

After the

political privacy and medical privacy (e.g., as violated by biometrics). Indeed, people have recently been stopped at airports solely due to their political views, and there appears to be minimal public will to stop practices of this nature.[citation needed] The need for stricter laws is more pronounced after the American web service provider, Yahoo admitted that sensitive information (including email addresses and passwords) of half a billion users was stolen by hackers in 2014. The data breach was a massive setback for the company and raised several questions about the revelation of the news after two years of the hacking incident.[14]

See also

References

  1. S2CID 158361537
    .
  2. S2CID 248313942
    .
  3. ISSN 0017-8012
    . Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  4. JSTOR 23044050
    .
  5. ^ a b Siam, Kayla (2017). "Coming to a Retailer near You: Consumer Privacy Protection in Retail Bankruptcies". Emory Bankruptcy Developments Journal. 33: 487–521.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)". State of California - Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General. 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2024-02-23.
  7. ^ Vagle, Jeffrey L. "Cybersecurity and Moral Hazard". Stanford Technology Law Review. 67 (2020): 71–113.
  8. OCLC 1303894344.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  9. PMID 29326783
    .
  10. PMID 31040472
    .
  11. S2CID 158361537.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  12. ^ Papacharissi, Zizi, and Jan Fernback. "Online privacy and consumer protection: An analysis of portal privacy statements". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Consumer Privacy: Meaning, Principles and Example". Essays, Research Papers and Articles on Business Management. 2016-06-22. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
  14. ^ "Yahoo faces questions after hack of half a billion accounts". The Guardian. 23 September 2016.
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