Tramontane
The winds of the Mediterranean |
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Tramontane (
Traditions in various countries and regions
Spain
In Spain the wind is called the tramuntana [tɾəmunˈtanə] or [tɾamunˈtana] in Catalan and tramontana [tɾamonˈtana] in Spanish, Galician and Basque. The wind also lends its name to the Serra de Tramuntana in Mallorca. The wind is prevalent in the northern Mediterranean coast (Catalonia, Mallorca, Menorca) and can be so strong as to be disturbing; there is a saying in Catalan culture (specially in Empordà) that refers to a person as «touched by tramuntana» (tocat per la tramuntana) when they behave oddly or seemly lost their marbles. Salvador Dalí was often referred to as someone tocat per la tramuntana in his native Empordà.[4]
Croatia
On the Croatian Adriatic coast it is called tramontana (pronounced tramòntāna, [tramǒntaːna] in Dalmatia), with a number of local variations (termuntana, trmuntana, t(a)rmuntona and others). Like levant, it is considered a transitional wind, associated with the change of weather, which frequently transforms into bora. Like bora, it is a strong wind capable of generating large waves, but is less gusty.[5][6][7]
France
The tramontane
The tramontane is created by the difference of pressure between the cold air of a
According to French sources, the name was used in its present form at the end of the 13th century by
The word moved from Latin into French with the meanings "North Star" and also "the guide". In 1636 the French expression "perdre la tramontane" meant "to be disorientated."[9][b]
The continuous howling noise of the tramontane is said to have a disturbing effect upon the psyche. In his poem "Gastibelza", Victor Hugo has the main character say, "Le vent qui vient à travers la montagne me rendra fou..." (The wind coming over the mountain will drive me mad...)
Greece
In
Italy
In Italy it is called tramontana [tramonˈtaːna]. It is a northeasterly or northerly winter wind that blows from the Alps and
A clear sky can occur, or a cloudy sky and precipitation when associated with a perturbed system. This last case is called in Liguria "dark Tramontane" (Tramontana Scura), which in Liguria is activated following the invortication of the perturbations coming from the west (or even south-west or north-west) on the Ligurian Sea; for this reason a proverb in the Ligurian language states: "tramuntann-a scüa, ægua següa" ("dark north wind, sure rain").
In Italy the expression on board, "to lose the Tramontane" (perdere la tramontana), which meant losing one's orientation, then has passed into the common language with the same metaphorical meaning.
Slovenia
In
See also
Notes
- Serbo-Croatian: tramontana [tramǒntaːna]; Spanish: tramontana [tɾamonˈtana].
- ^ It was used in this sense by Molière in his play Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, where one character says "Je perds la tramontane" (I have lost my way). It was used the same way in the 20th century by the poet/songwriter Georges Brassens, who in his song "Je suis un voyou" wrote "J'ai perdu la tramontane en perdant Margot..." (I lost my guiding star when I lost Margot...)
References
- ISBN 978-0-395-82517-4.
- ^ Il grande dizionario italiano. , ed.2020, Garzanti Editore
- ^ Ottorino Pianigiani. Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana.
- ^ Santi, Sató (25 November 2018). "La Tramuntana". Emporion Revista Digital. 144.
- ^ Lorger, Srećko (4 January 2005). "Tramuntana, bura parićana!". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^ Poje, Dražen (1995). "O nazivlju vjetrova na Jadrana" [On the nomenclature of winds at the Adriatic]. Hrvatski meteorološki časopis (in Croatian) (30): 55–62. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^ Tomašević, Inga. "Vjetrovi u Hrvatskoj". ultra-sailing.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^ defined in the article Tramontane (vent) in the French-language Wikipedia (see external links).
- ^ Dictionnaire historique de la langue française" (Dictionnaires Le Robert 1998, tome 3 Pr–Z, page 3886)
- ^ "Delo - Vedeti več pomeni imeti moč". delo.si.
- ^ Slovenian winds (bottom)
- ^ "Istria on the Internet - Geosciences - Meteorology". istrianet.org.
- ^ Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California – Mediterranean Severe Weather Port Guide
- ^ G.C. "Powerful Storm in Koper Brings Down a Container Crane". Radio Televizi Sloveni. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
External links
Media related to Tramontane wind at Wikimedia Commons