Transbaikal Military District
Transbaikal Military District | |
---|---|
Active | May 17, 1935 - December 1, 1998 |
Country | Soviet Union Russia |
Type | Military district |
Headquarters | Chita |
Engagements | World War II |
The Transbaikal Military District (
History
Formation and World War II
The district was formed on 17 May 1935 in response to the Japanese invasion of China and military escalation in the region from the Transbaikal Group of the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army, previously responsible for the region. The district was covered the territory of the East Siberian Krai and the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
By 1937 the district, headquartered at Chita, included the 57th and 93rd (Chita) Rifle Divisions, 15th and 22nd Cavalry Divisions, Separate Buryat-Mongolian Cavalry Brigade (Ulan-Ude), and the 11th Mechanized Corps with the 6th and 32nd Mechanized Brigades, the 25th Armored Brigade, and the Transbaikal Fortified Region.[1] The air force of the district, under the 5th Aviation Corps, included the 29th and 101st Heavy Bomber, 64th High-Speed Bomber, and 109th Light Assault Aviation Brigades, and a special purpose aviation group.[2]
In the district and the 57th Special Rifle Corps, 112 command personnel were executed and 108 arrested or imprisoned during the Great Purge, exceeding the 35 command personnel lost at Khalkhin Gol.[3] Those executed included district commander Ivan Gryaznov and his successor Mikhail Velikanov. Most of the district's senior command personnel when the purge began were executed or sentenced to imprisonment, including the chief of staff and his successor, political commissar, the chief of the political department, deputy commander, the assistant commander for the air force and his successor, and the assistant commander for logistical support, chief of armored and mechanized forces, chief of staff of the air force, and chief of artillery.[4] Repression affected all levels of senior command with almost all of the district's corps, division, and brigade commanders executed, sentenced to imprisonment, or arrested.[5]
By August 1939 the district had an actual strength of 188,219 personnel, including 3,810 in military schools.
Cold War
On 30 September 1945 the Transbaikal Front was disbanded and reorganized as the Transbaikal-Amur Military District, following the success of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. On 10 July 1947, Headquarters Transbaikal-Amur Military District was amalgamated with HQ 36th Army to become the Transbaikal Military District[9] (second formation). The district included the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Chita Oblast, and Khabarovsk Krai (not including Kamchatka and Sakhalin Oblasts, then included in this krai). Until 1953 the district was subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the forces of the Far East. After the abolition of the East Siberian Military District in October 1953, the territory of the Irkutsk Oblast and the Yakut ASSR was included in the district boundaries, with the 31st Rifle Corps.[10] The boundaries of the district remained constant from this time, and the Soviet group of forces in Mongolia reported to the district commander.
In 1955 the 61st Tank Division became the 13th Tank Division,
On October 1, 1961, in accordance with the directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces No. OSH/2/347491 dated August 26, 1961, the 806th independent Company of Special Designation (or in Western terms Special Forces) (Military Unit 64656) numbering 117 people was formed in the Transbaikal Military District with direct subordination to the district headquarters.
In the late 1960s the situation on the Sino-Soviet border became more tense and many new units were sent to Siberia, or formed there, such as the
A
Russian Ground Forces and disbandment
In 1998, the Trans-Baikal Military District was merged with the Siberian Military District, in accordance with
Air Forces
Air Force support to the district in the immediate post
In 1980 the 23rd Air Army became Air Forces of the ZabVO. In 1990 the 23rd Air Army was reformed from the Air Forces of the Transbaikal Military District.[20] Commander of the 23rd Air Army, General Lieutenant Dimitri Kutsekon, was killed in a helicopter crash in August 1996.[21] A late 1980s(?) order of battle for the 23rd Air Army is at [1]. In 1998 the 23rd Air Army was merged with the 14th Army of the Air Defense Forces and the 50th Independent Air Defence Corps of the Air Defence Forces to become the new 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army.
Commanders 1921-1996
- Stepan Mikhailovich Seryshev 1921
- Albert Lapin 1921-1922
- Komkor Ivan Gryaznov (1935-1937)
- Komandarm 2nd rank Mikhail Velikanov (1937)
- Komkor Mikhail Yefremov(1937-1938)
- Kombrig Vsevolod Yakovlev 1938-1939
- Kombrig Fedor Remezov 1939-1940
- Colonel General Ivan Konev 1940-1941
- Lieutenant general Pavel Kurochkin 1941
- Lieutenant general Mikhail Kovalyov 1941
- General Andrey Yeryomenko ( - July 1941)
- Colonel-General Mikhail Kovalyov(July 1941 - 1945)
- Marshal of the Soviet Union Rodion Malinovsky (1945–1947)
- Colonel-General Konstantin Koroteev(1947–1951)
- Colonel-General Dmitry Gusev (1951–1952)
- Lieutenant-General (Colonel-General since 1954) Yefim Trotsenko (1952–1956)
- Colonel-General Dmitry Lelyushenko(1956–1958)
- Colonel-General Yakov Kreizer (1958–1960)
- Colonel-General Dmitry Alekseev (1960–1966)
- General Pyotr Belik (1966–1978)
- General Grigory Salmanov (1978–1984)
- General Stanislav Postnikov (1984–1987)
- Colonel-General Anatoly Betekhtin(1987–1988)
- General Lieutenant Vladimir Semyonov (1988–1991)[22]
- General Lieutenant Valery Tretyakov(1991–1996)
References
Citations
- ^ Milbakh 2014, p. 252.
- ^ Milbakh 2014, p. 265.
- ^ Milbakh 2014, p. 358.
- ^ Milbakh 2014, pp. 288–289.
- ^ Milbakh 2014, pp. 290–303.
- ^ Milbakh 2014, p. 356.
- ^ Orbat.com/Niehorster, Transbaikal Military District June 22, 1941
- ^ See Michael Holm, 13th Motor Rifle Division, 2015, for 61 TD
- ^ "Transbaykal Military District". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
- ^ Feskov et al 2013, p. 149
- ^ a b c d Feskov et al. 2013, p. 567.
- ^ Holm, Michael. "13th Red Banner Motorised Rifle Division". ww2.dk. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- ^ Holm, Michael. "11th Guards Motorised Rifle Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-05-18.
- ^ Holm, Michael. "49th Training Tank Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-05-18.
- ^ http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/corps/44sak.htm. See also http://www.militar.org.ua/foro/otan-vs-pacto-de-varsovia-t693-270.html: with the 246th IAD in Choyr and the 29th ADIB in Ulan Bator. The 246th IAD controlled 2 unknown IAP's at Choyr (MiG-23) and Monitu (MiG-21), while the 29th ADIB controlled the 43rd "Sevastopol" APIB at Choybalsan (Su-17M3) and the 266th APIB at Naylakh (MiG-27M/D)
- ^ Сергей Дроздов. Воздушная битва при Чернобыле // Авиация и время : журнал. — 2011. — № 4. — С. 38—40; https://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/ovp/112ovp.htm
- ^ http://yasnay.ru/news/2009-06-05-19 - History of Transbaikal Military District
- ^ Michael Holm, 23rd Air Army, 2015
- ^ ПОСЛЕДНИЕ БРОНЕПОЕЗДА СОВЕТСКОЙ АРМИИ Archived 2011-11-02 at the Wayback Machine, verified October 2011
- ^ ZabKrai.ru, Jet Aviation, accessed 3 May 2010
- ^ "Two Generals Killed in Helicopter Crash". Associated Press. 5 September 1996. Archived from the original on 22 May 2006. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
- NUPI Centre for Russian Studies. Archived from the originalon 20 March 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
Bibliography
- V.I. Feskov, The Soviet Army in the Period of the Cold War, Tomsk 2004
- Feskov, V. I.; Golikov, V. I.; Kalashnikov, K. A.; Slugin, S. A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
- Milbakh, V. S. (2014). Политические репрессии командно-начальствующего состава 1937-1938. Забайкальский военный округ и 57-й особый стрелковый корпус [Political repressions of command personnel 1937–1938: Transbaikal Military District and 57th Special Rifle Corps] (in Russian). St. Petersburg University Press. ISBN 9785288055089.