Tuchola
Tuchola | ||
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Car plates CTU | | |
Website | http://www.tuchola.pl |
Tuchola
Geographical location
Tuchola lies about 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of
History
Settlement around Tuchola dates from 980, while the town was first mentioned in 1287, when the local church was consecrated by the archbishop of Gniezno
After the Order's defeat in the
Under the First Partition of Poland in 1772, Tuchola, renamed Tuchel, was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. On May 17, 1781, the Church of St. Bartholomew and vast parts of the town burned down. Around 1785 there existed 148 households inside Tuchel, and the town owned both the village of Kiełpin (then Kelpin) and the small estate Wymysłowo (then named Wymislawe).[4] During the reign of Prussian King Frederick the Great (1740-1786), the town was built up again, and German Protestants obtained a church in the town hall.[5] In the early 19th century, during the Napoleonic Wars and Polish national liberation fights, French, Polish, Prussian and Russian troops were stationed in the town. With the unification of Germany under Prussian hegemony in 1871, it became part of the German Empire. The Polish population was subject to Germanisation policies, which intensified after 1871, however, various Polish organizations were founded in Tuchola in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[6] During World War I, a prisoner-of-war camp was established near the town, mostly for Romanians and Russians, but also Poles, Italians, French and British.
On November 24, 1918, almost two weeks after Poland's declaration of independence, a Polish rally was held in Tuchola.[6] In December, local German settlers protested against the creation of independent Poland.[6] Another Polish rally was held on January 12, 1919.[6] The next Polish rallies took place in 1919, and after the Poles celebrated the anniversary of the Constitution of 3 May 1791, the Germans introduced martial law in Tuchola, and searches were carried out in many Polish homes.[6] Following the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the town was finally reintegrated with the Second Polish Republic in January 1920.
The former German POW camp became known as Camp No. 7. Beginning in the autumn of 1920 during
During the
Number of inhabitants by year
Year | Number |
---|---|
1772 | 490 |
1802 | 1,159 |
1805 | 1,251 |
1831 | 1,283 |
1837 | 1,435 |
1843 | 1,801 |
1865 | 2,579 |
1875 | 2,780 |
1880 | 3,066 |
1890 | 2,826 |
1905 | 3,448 |
1931 | 5,477 |
1943 | 7,086 |
2012 | 20,185 |
[5][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
Education
- Higher School of Environmental Management (Polish: Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania Środowiskiem)
Famous residents
- Louis Lewin (1850–1929), physician, pharmacologist, toxicologist in Berlin
- Max Liebermann von Sonnenberg (1848–1911), German politician
- Johannes Holzmann (Senna Hoy) (1882–1914), anarchist author
- Wilhelm Ambrosius (1903–1955), Kriegsmarineofficer
- Polish national junior team.
- Tadeusz Zwiefka - popular TV journalist, and a Civic Platform Member of European Parliament.
External links
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d "Tuchola przed wiekami". Portal - Urząd Miejski Tuchola (in Polish). Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ Górski 1962, p. 53.
- ^ Górski 1962, p. 54.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen, Part II: Topograpie von West-Preussen, Marienwerder 1789, p. 76, no. 2) (in German).
- ^ a b August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde, Königsberg 1835, p. 383–384, no. 16.
- ^ a b c d e Paweł Redlarski. "Kalendarium "Okno do wolności" (1818 - 1920)". Portal - Urząd Miejski Tuchola (in Polish). Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ Pamyatnykh, Alex (October 2005). "ПЛЕННЫЕ КРАСНОАРМЕЙЦЫ В ПОЛЬСКИХ ЛАГЕРЯХ (Red Army prisoners in the Polish camps)". Нoвaя Poльшa. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
- ^ Krzysztof Błażejewski. "Nasz Katyń, czyli łagier Tuchola". Nowości Dziennik Toruński (in Polish). Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ Agnieszka Raczyńska-Szperlak. "Rosyjska TV: W obozie pod Tucholą masowo ginęli czerwonoarmiści". TVP3 Bydgoszcz (in Polish). Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ Maria Wardzyńska, Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion, IPN, Warszawa, 2009, p. 61 (in Polish)
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 168
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 169
- ^ Wardzyńska, p. 170-171
- ^ Ludwig von Baczko: Handbuch der Geschichte, Erdbeschreibung und Statistik Preussens, Vol. II, Part 2, Königsberg and Leipzig 1803, p. 69 (in German).
- ^ August Carl von Holsche: Geographie und Statistik von West-, Süd- und Neu-Ostpreußen. Nebst einer kurzen Geschichte des Königreichs Polen bis zu dessen Zertheilung. Vol. 3, Berlin 1807, p. 110 (in German).
- ^ W. F. C. Starke: Beiträge zur Kenntniß dere bestehenden Gerichtsverfassung und der neuesten Resutate der Justizverwaltung und des Preussischen Staates, Vol. II, Part 1: Preußen, Posen, Pommern, Schlesien. Berlin 1839, p. 158 (in German).
- ^ Archiv der Pharmacie, Vol. XCII, Hannover 1845, p. 256 (in German).
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversatins-Lexikon, 6th edition, Vol. 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, pp. 791-792.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen (2006) (in German).
- ^ Topographisch-statistisches Handbuch für den Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder, Danzig 1868; see III. Kreis Konitz, pp. 50-51, entry no. 349 (in German).
References
See also
- Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919-1924)