Tupinambis
Tupinambis | |
---|---|
Gold tegu (Tupinambis teguixin) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Family: | Teiidae |
Genus: | Tupinambis Daudin, 1802 |
Tupinambis is a
In 2012, a number of tegu species were reclassified from Tupinambis to the previously used genus Salvator. The newly proposed classification comes from a restructuring of the family Teiidae based upon the study of 137 morphological characteristics. The new classification is as follows: Salvator duseni (yellow tegu), Salvator rufescens (red tegu), Salvator merianae (Argentine black and white tegu), Tupinambis teguixin (gold tegu), Tupinambis longilineus (Rhondonia tegu), Tupinambis palustris (swamp tegu) and Tupinambis quadrilineatus (four-lined tegu).[1]
Names
Tupinambis lizards are called teiú in Portuguese. The lizards are also called tishiriú in the extinct Tuxá language of Bahia, Brazil,[2] and dzižuảsu in the extinct Potiguara language of Pernambuco, Brazil.[3]
As with many other animals from tropical South America (e.g. the
Description
The Tupinambis species have
Taxonomy
Species listed alphabetically by specific name.[7]
- Tupinambis cryptus Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres Jr., Hendry, & Pyron, 2016 – cryptic golden tegu
- Tupinambis cuzcoensis Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres Jr., Hendry, & Pyron, 2016 – Cusco tegu
- Tupinambis longilineus Ávila-Pires, 1995 - Rondonia tegu
- Tupinambis matipu Silva, Ribeiro-Junior, & Ávila-Pires, 2018[8]
- Tupinambis palustris Manzani & Abe, 2002 - swamp tegu
- Tupinambis quadrilineatus Manzani & Abe, 1997 - four-lined tegu
- Tupinambis zuliensis Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres Jr., Hendry, & Pyron, 2016 – Maracaibo Basin tegu
Evolution
Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates a deep divergence between a northern clade (containing T. teguixin, T. palustris and T. quadrilineatus) and a southern clade (containing T. duseni).[10] The northern and southern clades are morphologically distinct, with the northern clade possessing a single pair of loreal scales between the eye and the nostril and a smooth texture to the scales on the body and the southern clade possessing two pairs of loreal scales and a bumpy texture to the scales on the body.[11] At least one review of the morphology of the family Teiidae has placed the tegus of the southern clade in the genus Salvator.[12] Subsequent studies support the paraphyletic status of Tupinambis, though further research will be necessary to determine if the split will gain wider acceptance among the herpetological community.[13] Comparative analysis of hemipenial anatomy also provides support for the split between Tupinambis and Salvator.[14]
Tegus probably originated sometime during the Cenozoic era. Tupinambis fossils from Argentina date back to the Late Miocene.[15] Fossils of the extinct tegu Paradracaena can be found in earlier Miocene deposits.[16]
References
- .
- ^ Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
- ^ Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International.
- ^ Cf. 'Etnolingüística' discussion list; 2/22/2012; http://lista.etnolinguistica.org/3167
- ^ JSTOR 1444823.
- ^ Yanosky, Claudia Mercolli And Alberto (1994). "The diet of adult Tupinambis teguixin (Sauria Teiidae) in the eastern Chaco of Argentina". Herpetological Journal. 4 (1): 15–19.
- ^ Tupinambis, The Reptile Database
- S2CID 90826104.
- ^ "Tegu - Tupinambis - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ^ Fitzgerald et al., 1999
- ^ "Salvator merianae". The Reptile Database. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- .
- PMID 23627680.
- PMID 24363597.
- ^ Santiago Brizuela. "New Tupinambis remains from the late Miocene of Argentina and a review of the South American teiids". Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- S2CID 86362708.
Further reading
- Boulenger GA. 1885. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume II. ...Teiidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 497 pp. + Plates I-XXIV. (Genus Tupinambis, pp. 334–335).
- Daudin FM. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Génerale et Particulière des Reptiles; Ouvrage faisant suite à l'Histoire Naturelle générale et particulière, composée par Leclerc de Buffon, et rédigé par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs Sociétés savantes. Tome Troisième [Volume 3]. Paris: F. Dufart. 452 pp. (Tupinambis, new genus, pp. 5–6). (in French).