Typhoon Soulik (2013)
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | July 7, 2013 |
Dissipated | July 14, 2013 |
Very strong typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 185 km/h (115 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 925 hPa (mbar); 27.32 inHg |
Category 4-equivalent typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 230 km/h (145 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 929 hPa (mbar); 27.43 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 15 |
Damage | $600 million (2013 USD) |
Areas affected | Yaeyama Islands, Batanes, Taiwan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Soulik, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Huaning, was a powerful
Striking Taiwan as a strong typhoon, Soulik brought gusts up to 220 km/h (140 mph) and torrential rains. Numerous trees and power lines fell, leaving roughly 800,000 without electricity. Severe flooding prompted thousands to evacuate as well. Four people lost their lives on the island while 123 more were injured. In East China, more than 162 million people were affected by the storm. Heavy rains and typhoon-force winds caused extensive damage and killed 11 people.
Meteorological history
On July 6, the
A substantially larger secondary eye, estimated to be 315 km (195 mi) wide, began forming shortly after Soulik attained its peak on July 10. By this time, the deep convection was no longer symmetrical around the storm and was mostly located over the southern and eastern areas of the circulation.[15] This formation of a secondary eye indicated an eyewall replacement cycle was in progress; however, it coincided with the typhoon passing over a small area of very low oceanic heat content and prompted a weakening trend. Convection around Soulik's core gradually weakened, though it retained a well-defined inner eye.[16] The simultaneous occurrence of these two factors greatly hindered reorganization of the system and the weakening trend continued as the typhoon tracked west-northwest toward Taiwan.[17] On July 11, this trend temporarily abated as Soulik moved over the warm waters of the Kuroshio Current, allowing for structural improvement.[18] Early on July 12, dry air began to entrain into the northwestern portion of the circulation, suppressing thunderstorm development. Along the southeastern side of the storm, a large band of convection maintained itself and wrapped around a poorly defined eye.[19]
Throughout July 12, dry air compromised the structure of Soulik as it worked into the system's center between bands of convection. Despite this, the storm's eye cleared somewhat, though remained ragged.
Preparations
Philippines
Though the storm was forecast to remain away from the Philippines, it was expected to enhance the southwest monsoon over western areas of the country starting July 10.[25] Later that day, PAGASA issued Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) #1 for the Batanes in northern Luzon, indicating expected winds of 45 to 60 km/h (28 to 37 mph).[26] Fishermen along the northern and eastern seaboards of the region were advised to avoid sailing due to rough seas.[27] On July 12, the PSWS for the Batanes was raised to #2 as winds were expected to reach 61 to 100 km/h (38 to 62 mph) as the storm brushed the area. Additionally, the Calayan and Babuyan Islands were placed under PSWS #1.[28] Following the typhoon's landfall in Taiwan, the signal were discontinued for all areas during the morning of July 13.[29]
Japan
Hours after the JMA declared Soulik a tropical storm, the agency noted that the Ryukyu Islands were in the path of the storm.[30] By July 10, the Daitō Islands were expected to experience winds of 55 km/h (35 mph) as the storm passed to the south.[31] Due to the storm's large size, areas as far north as the Amami Islands were expected to see effects from the typhoon.[32] Starting during the evening of July 10 and continuing through July 12, ferry service in across the southern islands was suspended and cargo vessels were advised to take alternate courses.[33] Farmers on Miyako-jima were advised to harvest their mango crop, which was nearing peak time for harvest, before the typhoon struck.[34] As the storm moved closer to the Daitō Islands, the JMA urged residents to be aware of coastal conditions and potential storm surges.[35] On July 12, all flights to and from Ishigaki Airport and Miyako Airport were canceled.[36]
Taiwan
In Taiwan, over 8,000 people were evacuated from mountainous areas because of the threat of
Mainland China
On July 11, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) placed much of East China under a yellow alert, the second level of a four-tier warning system.[39] Additionally, Fujian was placed under an orange alert, the second-highest level of warning.[40] A national early disaster warning was also put in place that day, with local authorities across the country asked to be on duty around-the-clock.[39] Residents in Fujian, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang were advised to prepare for heavy rains capable of producing floods and landslides.[41] In Fujian, more than 304,000 people were evacuated prior to Soulik's arrival. Public transportation was brought to a standstill in some areas and 142 flights from Fuzhou Changle International Airport were canceled. The National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center also issued a top-level maritime for areas over the southern East China Sea, with waves expected to reach 6 to 10 m (20 to 33 ft). Additionally, roughly 5,500 soldiers were dispatched to 18 counties in Fujian to assist in possible rescue efforts.[42]
Impact
Japan
Skirting the southern Ryukyu Islands, Soulik brought typhoon-force winds to several areas on July 13, with a peak gust of 217 km/h (135 mph) measured in Yonaguni, Okinawa. The winds downed numerous trees and power lines across the region and left roughly 16,100 households without electricity. Significant crop damage took place as well with losses reaching ¥573 million (US$5.77 million), mostly from damage to sugar cane. A total of 11 people were injured in various incidents, one of whom was seriously injured. Rainfall from the storm peaked at 194 mm (7.6 in) in Ishigaki.,[43]
Taiwan
According to the
Immediately following the typhoon, power companies deployed approximately 1,600 personnel to restore downed or interrupted transmission lines. Electricity was fully restored to the island by July 15.[51] Four days after the storm, a dog and four puppies that went missing in Miaoli County after a flash flood and landslide were found on a cliff side and rescued.[52]
Mainland China
Coastal Fujian was battered by typhoon-force winds and waves up to 10 m (33 ft) high. In
Further north in Qingdao, Shandong, large quantities of sea lettuce washed ashore under the typhoon's influence. The city dispatched crews with heavy machinery in order to clear beaches of the lettuce.[60] 11 people were killed, and total damages from the storm were amounted to be ¥3.39 billion (US$552 million).[61]
See also
- Typhoon Longwang
- Typhoon Haitang (2005)
- Typhoon Sinlaku (2002)
- Typhoon Soudelor (2015)
- Typhoon Nepartak (2016)
- Typhoon Maria (2018)
- Typhoon Haikui (2023)
Notes
- ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1]
- Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[6]
- ^ The name Soulik was submitted to the World Meteorological Organization by the Federated States of Micronesia and is a traditional Pohnpei chief's title.[9]
References
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- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 6, 2013). "Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 7, 2013). "Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 7, 2013). "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 07W (Seven) Warning Nr 001". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 8, 2013). "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 07W (Soulik) Warning Nr 002". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 8, 2013. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
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- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 8, 2013). "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 07W (Soulik) Warning Nr 004". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 10, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 9, 2013). "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 07W (Soulik) Warning Nr 009". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 10, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 12, 2013). "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 07W (Soulik) Warning Nr 021". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (July 13, 2013). "Tropical Storm 07W (Soulik) Warning Nr 024". United States Navy. Archived from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
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External links
- JMA General Information of Typhoon Soulik (1307) from Digital Typhoon
- JMA Best Track Data of Typhoon Soulik (1307) (in Japanese)
- JTWC Best Track Data of Typhoon 07W (Soulik)
- 07W.SOULIK from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory