Typhoon Longwang

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This article is about the 2005 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Longwang and List of storms named Maring.

Typhoon Longwang (Maring)
Typhoon Longwang at peak intensity on October 1
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 25, 2005
DissipatedOctober 3, 2005
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds175 km/h (110 mph)
Lowest pressure930 hPa (mbar); 27.46 inHg
Category 4-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds230 km/h (145 mph)
Lowest pressure916 hPa (mbar); 27.05 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities149 total
Damage$971 million (2005 USD)
Areas affectedRyukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China, and the Batanes
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2005 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Longwang, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Maring, was the deadliest

Fujian Province
, China as a minimal typhoon. Once over mainland China, the storm quickly weakened and ultimately dissipated late on October 3.

Prior to the storm's arrival, officials in Taiwan activated all emergency operations centers and urged residents to take serious precautions. The storm brought record-breaking winds, peaking at 234 km/h (145 mph) in Hualien City, and torrential rains. Despite the intensity of the storm, damage was relatively limited there. Two people died, 73 were injured, and damage reached NT$570 million (US$17.7 million).[nb 2] Large-scale evacuations took place in mainland China, with 684,860 people relocating. Losses were extensive in Fujian Province where 1-in-100 year rains caused disastrous flooding in Fuzhou, killing 62 people. In Minhou County, 85 paramilitary police perished when a landslide destroyed their barracks. Throughout China, 147 people were killed and damage amounted to 7.81 billion RMB (US$944.6 million). Due to the severe damage, the name Longwang was later retired and replaced by Haikui.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 24, 2005, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a tropical disturbance north of the Mariana Islands.[nb 3] Convective banding features soon consolidated around a low-pressure area associated with the system, prompting the issuance of a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert the following day.[2] Later on September 25, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) declared the system a tropical depression.[3][nb 4] Situated in a region characterized by low wind shear and favorable upper-level divergence, steady intensification ensued.[2] Early on September 26, the JTWC also classified the system as a tropical depression, designating it as 19W.[5] Hours later, both agencies assessed sustained winds to have reached 65 km/h (40 mph), indicating tropical storm intensity. As such, the JMA named the storm Longwang.[nb 5] Situated to the southwest of a ridge, the storm tracked slowly west-northwest, while strengthening at an increasing rate. A temporary turn northwest occurred on September 26 as Longwang approached a weakness in the ridge which had previously steered it west-northwestward.[2] In the 24 hours following the storm's naming, Longwang quickly intensified into a typhoon.[3] Once at typhoon status, the storm resumed a more westerly track as a second ridge extending from eastern Asia became the dominant steering factor.[2]

On a westerly course toward

mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg).[3] The JTWC estimated Longwang to have been slightly stronger, with one-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (140 mph).[5][nb 6]

At the time of peak intensity, an unmanned

Fujian Province around 1800 UTC on October 2 (0200 October 3 local time).[2] The storm quickly degraded over the following day, with winds decreasing below gale-force within 12 hours. The former typhoon slowed and turned northward over western Fujian before dissipating late on October 3.[3][5]

Preparations

Typhoon Longwang seen from the International Space Station on September 27

The first indications of Longwang impacting Taiwan were on September 27, when the

Central Weather Bureau (CWB) stated the storm was on a westerly course to the island.[10] On September 30, the CWB issued a sea warning for areas surrounding Taiwan. Shortly after, the island's Central Emergency Operations Center was activated. Early on October 1, the whole of Taiwan was placed under a storm warning, prompting the Emergency Center to go to its maximum alert level. Daily meetings held by the Emergency Center provided officials with information on the storm and its expected impacts. Details from the meetings prompted the activation of all emergency operation centers in Taiwan. Nine counties were placed under debris flow advisories by the end of October 1.[11]

On October 2, then-

Taiwan Railway Administration suspended operations on four rail lines.[12] Rapid transit lines in Taipei
maintained operations, though ran on slower schedules. For southern Taiwan, the main risk was fresh water flooding. Fifteen rivers were placed under high alert while 340 more were under moderate alert.

By the time Longwang made landfall, 37 shelters opened across the island,[13] accommodating nearly 1,000 people. Additionally, 5,464 Chinese fishermen temporarily sheltered at Taiwanese ports.[14] All airports were closed on October 2 and sea travel was suspended.[13] With international airports shut down, President Chen, who was returning from a visit to the United Arab Emirates, was forced to land in Indonesia. The landing in Indonesia was seen as a political breakthrough for Taiwan as Indonesia does not recognize them as a separate nation from China.[15]

By October 1, officials in Mainland China issued warnings for

Guangdong provinces, respectively.[2][17] The majority of evacuees were from the cities of Ningde, Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou, Xiamen, and Zhangzhou, with 376,000 evacuating from Xiamen alone.[18][19] Along the coast, roughly 38,000 seagoing vessels returned to port. Thousands of officials in the province oversaw flood preparations.[16] Public transportation across Fujian Province was temporarily suspended as well.[20] The airport in Xiamen shut down late on October 2 as rain bands from the storm began impacting the area.[21]
Throughout Fujian, more than 120 flights were canceled.

Impact

See also:
List of retired Pacific typhoon names (JMA)
Impact by Region
Region Fatalities Injuries Losses
China 147 >39 US$944.6 million
Japan 0 4 US$8.7 million
Philippines 0 0 None
Taiwan 3 73 >US$17.2 million
Totals 149 >116 ~US$970.5 million

On October 1, Typhoon Longwang brushed the southern

Iriomote, and Yonaguni; a peak gust of 159 km/h (99 mph) was measured on Ishigaki.[2] These winds caused travel disruptions, minor damage, and scattered power outages. Four people sustained minor injuries in Ishigaki City after being knocked down by the winds. Heavy rains accompanied the winds and accumulations peaked at 84 mm (3.3 in) in the Yaeyama District. Significant agricultural damage took place as well, with losses in the sector reaching ¥1 billion (US$8.7 million).[22] Farther south, the Batanes Islands of the Philippines experienced winds of 30 to 60 km/h (19 to 37 mph) in relation to the typhoon.[23]

Due to the substantial loss of life and damage, the name Longwang was retired and replaced with Haikui (Chinese: 海葵) in 2006.[24] The name was first used in the 2012 Pacific typhoon season.

Taiwan

Typhoon Longwang over Taiwan on October 2

Striking Taiwan as a powerful storm early on October 2, Longwang brought destructive winds to many areas along the island's east coast. Hualien City experienced the brunt of the impact with sustained winds reaching 163 km/h (101 mph) and gusts up to 234 km/h (145 mph). These gusts were the highest ever recorded in the city, surpassing the previous record set during Typhoon Louise in 1959. On the west coast of Taiwan, gusts reached 153 km/h (95 mph) in Wugi. Torrential rains impacted many areas, with a peak 24 hour accumulations in Hualien County reaching 764.5 mm (30.10 in). A one-day total of 576 mm (22.7 in) was also measured in Yilan County.[2]

At the storm's height, 749,621 households lost power while 24,817 lost telephone service.

Chiayi City, a bus and truck collided, injuring 16 and on Provincial Highway 16, 11 people were injured when their coach bus crashed into a telephone pole. It is unknown how much, if any, of a role the typhoon was in these accidents. In Kaohsiung, a concrete slab was torn off a building and wedged into a high rise apartment.[28] One woman died after being swept away by flash flooding in the central town of Hoping.[29][30] Within the Alishan National Scenic Area 106 landslides occurred, covering an area of 1.29 km2 (0.50 sq mi).[citation needed] Along the coast, a 7,000 ton cargo vessel broke loose from its mooring and drifted for 1 km (0.62 mi) before running aground and breaking apart.[31]

Overall, 3 people died,

magnitude 5.4 earthquake struck Taiwan late on October 1, sending residents in Hualien panicking into streets despite the ongoing typhoon.[35][36]

East China

Typhoon Longwang, weakened from its passage of Taiwan, struck mainland China late on October 2 as a low-end typhoon. Off the coast of

Jiangxi Provinces also experienced heavy rains; 292 mm (11.5 in) fell in Taizhou, Zhejiang while 128 mm (5.0 in) was recorded in Nanfeng County, Jiangxi.[2]

The greatest damage from Longwang took place in Fujian Province,[20] especially within the city of Fuzhou where torrential rains overwhelmed the Jinan River and its tributaries. The ensuing flood inundated a 13.69 km2 (5.29 sq mi) of the city and resulted in 62 fatalities and left 24 people missing. Direct losses from the flood in Fuzhou alone reached 2.2 billion RMB (US$264 million).[38] Some areas were submerged by flood waters 2 m (6.6 ft) deep and many landslides caused significant damage.[20] A large auto plant owned by the Fujian Motor Industry Corporation, covering 83 hectares, was completely flooded. Many auto parts sustained heavy damage and losses at the plant reached 330 million RMB (US$39.9 million).[39] In Minhou County, Fuzhou, a landslide destroyed a barracks of the Chinese paramilitary police where 142 officers were staying.[40] Roughly 7,000 soldiers were deployed to the area for search and rescue.[20] Ultimately, 47 people were rescued (39 of whom were hospitalized[41]) and 85 bodies were recovered.[40][42]

Striking during the week-long holiday following Chinese National Day, tourism suffered greatly in the region. Across China, 4.7 million people were directly affected by the typhoon, 4 million of whom were in Fujian Province.[2] Preliminary assessments indicated that 9,400 homes were destroyed, leaving 129,400 people homeless.[43] Fifty schools were damaged or destroyed as well.[44] A total of 160,000 hectares (3.9 million acres) of farmland was damaged and 40,900 heads of livestock were lost.[2][43] Collectively, 417 km (259 mi) of roadways washed away or sustained damage and 103 km (64 mi) of river embankments were lost. Total losses reached 7.81 billion RMB (US$944.6 million), nearly half of which took place in the industrial sector.[43] Typhoon Longwang was the deadliest storm to strike China in 2005 with 147 lives lost.[2]

Reconstruction and restoration within Fujian Province began shortly after the storm's passage. By October 6, power had been restored to most areas and roads were cleared.[44] On November 13, five officers stationed at the barracks that was destroyed were punished as accountable for the deaths of the 85 cadets. Following an investigation by the Central Military Commission and State Council, all five were dismissed from their posts while Hou Yongjun, the director of the brigade, was to be prosecuted.[42]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ All wind speeds are in ten-minute sustained standards unless otherwise noted.
  2. ^ All damage totals are in 2005 values of their respective currencies.
  3. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1]
  4. Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[4]
  5. ^ The name Longwang (Chinese: 龙王) was submitted to the World Meteorological Organization by China and is the name of the mythological Chinese god of rain, the Dragon King.[2]
  6. ^ Operationally, the JTWC assessed Longwang to have been a super typhoon with maximum one-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph);[2] however, it was considered to have been slightly weaker in post-storm analysis.[8]

References

  1. ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Gary Padgett; Kevin Boyle; John Wallace; Huang Chunliang; Simon Clarke (February 12, 2006). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary: September 2005" (Report). Typhoon 2000. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e "台風0519 (0519 Longwang)" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. 2006. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  4. ^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d "Typhoon 19W 2005 (Longwang) Best Track" (.TXT). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2006. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  6. ^ a b Chung-Chih Liu; Tian-Yow Shyu; Chun-Chieh Chao; Yu-Feng Lin (2009). "Analysis on Typhoon Longwang Intensity Changes Over the Ocean Via Satellite Data" (PDF). Journal of Marine Science and Technology. 17 (1): 23–29. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  7. ^
    doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2011.03.001. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on February 22, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  8. ^ Cpt. J. F. Atangan; Lt. Col. Amanda Preble; Lt. Aaron Lana (2006). "Typhoon (TY) 19W (Longwang)" (PDF). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy. p. 36. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  9. doi:10.1175/2007JTECHA914.1
    .
  10. ^ Han Nai-kuo (September 27, 2005). "Typhoon Longwang May Affect Taiwan on Sunday". Taipei, Taiwan: Central News Agency.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  11. ^ "Typhoon Longwang Emergency Response and Disposal Report 1" (PDF). National Fire Agency. October 1, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  12. ^ "Typhoon Longwang Emergency Response and Disposal Report 2" (PDF). National Fire Agency. October 2, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  13. ^ a b c d "Typhoon Longwang Emergency Response and Disposal Report 3" (PDF). National Fire Agency. October 2, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  14. ^ a b "Typhoon Longwang kills one, injures 46". The China Post. October 3, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  15. ^ "Taiwan's president detours to non-ally Indonesia". Taipei, Taiwan: Deutsche Presse-Agentur. October 2, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  16. ^
    Sina Corp
    . Associated Press. October 3, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  17. ^ "Typhoon Longwang kills three, but weakens after landing in China". Beijing, China: Agence-France-Presse. October 3, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  18. ^ "210,000 people evacuated before typhoon slams into east China's Fujian". Fuzhou, China. Xinhua General News Service. October 2, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  19. ^ "Typhoon Longwang weakens after landing in China". Beijing, China: Agence-France-Presse. October 3, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  20. ^ a b c d Guo Nei (October 5, 2005). "Typhoon Longwang kills 65, dozens missing". China Daily. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  21. ^ "Typhoon Longwang hits Fujian". Fuzhou, China. Xinhua General News Service. October 2, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  22. ^ 気象災害報告 (2005-918-05) (in Japanese). National Institute of Informatics. 2005. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  23. ^ "Typhoon Longwang to bring rain, strong wind to Philippine islands". Manila, Philippines. Xinhua General News Service. October 1, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  24. doi:10.6057/2012TCRR01.03
    . Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  25. ^ "Typhoon heads for China after lashing Taiwan". Mail & Guardian. Agence France-Presse. October 2, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  26. ^ "Thirty-seven injured as Typhoon Longwang lashes Taiwan, heads for China". Taipei, Taiwan: Agence-France-Presse. October 2, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  27. ^ a b "Typhoon Longwang Emergency Response and Disposal Report 4" (PDF). National Fire Agency. October 2, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  28. ^ a b Jean Lin; Jenny Chou (October 3, 2005). "Hualien bears brunt of Typhoon Longwang's fury". Taipei Times. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  29. ^ "Typhoon Hits Mainland China After Battering Taiwan". US Fed News. October 2, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  30. ^ a b "Weather: Longwang leaves two dead". Taipei Times. October 4, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  31. S2CID 123456171
    .
  32. ^ "FAQ for Typhoon". 28 September 2023. 24. What is the situation of disaster caused by typhoon invading Taiwan?. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
  33. ^ "Typhoon Leaves 15 Dead in China, Taiwan". July 20, 2005. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
  34. ^ Sofia Wu (October 3, 2005). "Typhoon-Induced Agricultural Losses Estimated at NT$260 Million". Taipei, Taiwan: Central News Agency.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  35. ^ "Earthquake measuring 5.4 on Richter scale rocks eastern Taiwan". Taipei, Taiwan: Deutsche Presse-Agentur. October 1, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  36. ^ Mike Chinoy (October 2, 2005). "Typhoon, quake leave Taiwan shaken, stirred". Taipei, Taiwan: Cable News Network. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  37. ^ "Typhoon Longwang triggers landslide, 59 missing". People's Daily Online. October 4, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  38. doi:10.5194/hess-17-679-2013
    .
  39. ^ "Southeastern Chinese Automaker Hit by Typhoon Longwang". Fujian, China: SinoCast. October 18, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  40. ^ a b "At least 80 Chinese officers killed in typhoon's floods". USA Today. Beijing, China. Associated Press. October 7, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  41. ^ "80 Armed Police Officers Killed by Mountain Torrent in Fujian". China Internet Information Center. Xinhua News Agency. October 8, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  42. ^ a b "Five officers punished for deaths of 85 Chinese armed police cadets in Typhoon Longwang". Beijing, China. Xinhua General News Service. November 13, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)
  43. ^ a b c "China Country Report For the 38th Session of the Typhoon Committee" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. November 19, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
  44. ^ a b "Fujian Province starts reconstruction work after Typhoon Longwang". Fuzhou, China. Xinhua Economic News Service. October 6, 2005.  – via LexisNexis (subscription required)

External links

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