Typhula quisquiliaris

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Typhula quisquiliaris
Typhula quisquiliaris, as illustrated by James Sowerby
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Typhulaceae
Genus: Typhula
Species:
T. quisquiliaris
Binomial name
Typhula quisquiliaris
(
Henn.
1896
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Clavaria obtusa Sowerby 1803
  • Geoglossum obtusum (Sowerby) Gray 1821
  • Clavaria quisquiliaris Fr. 1818
  • Pistillaria quisquiliaris (Fr.) Fr. 1821
  • Pistillaria puberula
    Berk.
    1860

Typhula quisquiliaris,

binomial name by Paul Christoph Hennings
in 1896. The species has been recorded in Europe and north Africa.

Taxonomy

Typhula quisquiliaris was first described by

specific name quisquiliaris is from the Latin meaning "pertaining to refuse".[4][5] In the same year, Samuel Frederick Gray reclassified Sowerby's Clavaria obtusa, naming it Geoglossum obtusum. Fries's name was taken up as the valid one, however, and in 1896, Paul Christoph Hennings transferred the species to Typhula, giving the species the name by which it is known today.[1] However, the name Pistillaria quisquiliaris was sometimes used into the 20th century. For instance, Carleton Rea used it in a 1922 publication.[4] The species is commonly known as the bracken club.[6]

Description

Typhula quisquiliaris
saprotrophic

Typhula quisquiliaris produces fruit bodies in the form of clubs. Each fruit body consists of a single distinct "stem" and "head",[6] and measures up to 7 mm (0.3 in) in height.[7] The surface of the head is smooth and white,[6] and measures 1.5 to 4 mm (0.06 to 0.2 in) by 1 to 2.5 mm (0.04 to 0.1 in). The rounded stem is infertile, and of a similar colour to the head. However, it has a very fine downy covering, and is somewhat translucent. The stem measures from 0.3 to 0.4 mm (0.01 to 0.02 in) in width. The stem attaches to sclerotium which is buried into the branch from which the fruit body grows.[6]

Microscopic characteristics

Typhula quisquiliaris spores are narrowly

hyphae.[7]

Habitat and distribution

Typhula quisquiliaris fruit bodies are typically found in rows, growing from plant

saprotroph, breaking down the dead organic matter in order to sustain itself.[citation needed] The species has been recorded in Europe[6] and northern Africa.[citation needed] In Europe, the fruit bodies can be encountered from April to December.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Typhula quisquiliaris (Fr.) Henn. 1896". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  2. ^ "Typhula quisquiliaris synonymy". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  3. ^ "Clavaria obtusa Pers. 1797". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d Rea, Carleton (1922). British Basidiomycetaceae: a Handbook to the Larger British Fungi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 205.
  5. ^ Andrews, Ethan Allen; Freund, William (1876). A Copious and Critical Latin-English Lexicon. Harper & Bros. p. 1259. Retrieved 2 August 2011. quisquiliae, arum ... The waste or refuse of any thing, the droppings of trees, sweepings, offscourings, rubbish, filth
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0-00-723224-6
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-412-36970-4
    .
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