United States International Trade Commission
Agency overview | |
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Formed | September 8, 1916 |
Preceding agency |
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Jurisdiction | International Trade Issues |
Headquarters | Washington, D.C. |
Employees | 402 (civilian career employees as of September 30, 2017)[1] |
Agency executive |
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Website | www |
Footnotes | |
The United States International Trade Commission (USITC or I.T.C.
Background and statutory authority
The USITC was established by the
- Tariff Act of 1930
- Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
- Trade Expansion Act of 1962
- Trade Act of 1974
- Trade Agreements Act of 1979
- Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
- Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
- Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994
Mission
The U.S. International Trade Commission seeks to:
- Administer U.S. trade remedy laws within its mandate in a fair and objective manner;
- Provide the President, Office of the United States Trade Representative, and Congress with independent, quality analysis, information, and support on matters of tariffs and international trade and competitiveness; and
- Maintain the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
In so doing, the Commission serves the public by implementing U.S. law and contributing to the development and implementation of sound and informed U.S. trade policy.
The USITC's five operations are:
- Import Injury Investigations
- Intellectual Property-Based Import Investigations
- Research Program
- Trade Information Services
- Trade Policy Support
Commissioners
The president nominates and the
Commissioners' terms are nine years, or, when filling a vacated seat, for the remainder of a term. Their terms are staggered to end 18 months apart. Commissioners may not be reappointed at the start of a new term unless they have served less than five years, although commissioners stay on past the end of their term until their successor is appointed and confirmed. No more than three of the commissioners may be of the same political party.
The chairman's term is for two years, and successive chairmen may not be of the same political party. Only a commissioner with more than one year of service may be designated chairman.[7]
The commissioners are:[8]
Member | Position | State | Entered office | Term expires | Party | Originally appointed by |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
David S. Johanson | Chair | Texas | December 8, 2011 | December 16, 2018 | Republican | Barack Obama |
Rhonda K. Schmidtlein | Commissioner | Missouri | April 28, 2014 | December 16, 2021 | Democratic | Barack Obama |
Jason Kearns | Commissioner | Colorado | April 2, 2018 | December 16, 2024 | Democratic | Donald Trump |
Amy A. Karpel | Commissioner | Washington | August 26, 2019 | June 16, 2023 | Democratic | Donald Trump |
Vacant | Commissioner | June 16, 2026 | ||||
Vacant | Commissioner | June 16, 2029 |
Hearings
Although the USITC is not a
History
As part of a large group of legislation passed during the
Effective January 1, 1975, the U.S. Tariff Commission was renamed the U.S. International Trade Commission.
In 1988, the USITC moved its quarters from the Old Post Office Building to the building it remains in to this day, 500 E Street SW.[14]
Past commissioners of the USITC include:
- Paula Stern (D-TN, sworn in October, 1978, for a term expiring on February, 1987)
- Daniel R. Pearson (R–MN; sworn on August 8, 2003, for a term expiring on June 16, 2011)
- Shara L. Aranoff (D–MD; sworn on September 6, 2005, for a term expiring on December 16, 2012)
- Dean A. Pinkert (D–VA; sworn on February 26, 2007, for a term expiring on December 16, 2015)
On January 4, 1985, a USITC decision in favor of Duracell was overturned by President Ronald Reagan. The case involved the import of alkaline batteries in competition with Duracell, the American manufacturer that developed them.[15]
On August 3, 2013, President Barack Obama overturned the commission's decision in investigation No. 337-TA-794 that would have banned Apple Inc. from importing several of its older products.[16]
In January 2015, details from the
In January 2016, it became known that the commission was charged with investigating the likely impact of the TPP on the U.S. economy and specific industries. It will calculate the estimated impact on gross domestic product, exports and imports, employment opportunities, and U.S. consumers.[18]
In January 2018, in a surprise decision, the commission unanimously overturned a 292% trade tariff that had been imposed on the aircraft manufacturer
See also
- Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
- Doha Round
- Federal Trade Commission
- Generalized System of Preferences
- International Trade Administration
- Office of the United States Trade Representative
- Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations
- United States Commercial Service
References
- ^ "U.S. International Trade Commission Employment - September 2017". FedScope - Federal Human Resources Data (Database). Washington, D.C.: United States Office of Personnel Management. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- ^ "About the USITC". U.S. International Trade Commission. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^ a b "New I.T.C. Investigations – Sec 337". Docket Alarm, Inc.
- ^ "Recent Decisions from the United States International Trade Commission". Docket Alarm, Inc. USITC. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ^ 39 Stat. 795
- ^ "19 U.S.C. § 2231 - U.S. Code Title 19. Customs Duties § 2231 - FindLaw". Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "19 U.S.C. § 1330 - U.S. Code Title 19. Customs Duties § 1330 - FindLaw". Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "USITC Commissioners | USITC".
- ^ "US International Trade Commission Section 337 Investigations: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). 2009.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Blakeslee, Merritt. "A Survivor's Guide to Section 337 Investigations and ITC General Exclusion Orders". Recycling Times Magazine Issue 75.
- ^ a b "Understanding Investigations Of Intellectual Property Infringement And Other Unfair Practices In Import Trade (Section 337) | USITC". www.usitc.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
- ^ "govinfo". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
- ^ "About Import Injury Investigations | USITC". www.usitc.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h USITC History, https://www.usitc.gov/flash/dynamic_timeline.htm
- ^ Hartman, Carl (January 28, 1985). "Court Asked to Overturn Reagan Ruling". Associated Press. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^ O'Brien, Chris (August 3, 2013). "White House overrules ITC trade ban on Apple iPhones, iPads". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
- ^ Brandom, Russell (2 January 2015). "The MPAA has a new plan to stop copyright violations at the border". Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ^ JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS President Obama May Require Federal Contractors to List Campaign Gifts The Washington Post, January 19, 2016, retrieved 14 January 2016
- ^ Tovey, Alan (26 January 2018). "Bombardier gains shock trade victory in the US, overturning 292% trade tariffs on UK-built planes". The Telegraph.
- ^ "Bombardier wins trade dispute in US". BBC News. 2018. Retrieved 2018-04-13.