User:Kevmin/sandbox/Republica (damselfly)

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This page is about the fossil damselfly. For the fossil plant genus, see Republica (plant).

Kevmin/sandbox/Republica
holotype wing
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Suborder: Zygoptera
Family: Euphaeidae
Genus: †Republica
Species:
†R. weatbrooki
Binomial name
†Republica weatbrooki
Charpentier, 1840

Republica is an extinct

Early Eocene sediments exposed in the northeast of the U.S. state of Washington
.

Distribution

Republica weatbrooki is known from a single location in the

detrital zircon isotopic data published in 2021.[3]

History and classification

Republica weatbrooki was identified from only the

patronym honoring Alex Weatbrook who found the fossil and donated it to Stonerose.[1]

Archibald and Cannings (2022) placed the new genus into the damselfly family

Zacallitidae. Within Euphaeidae, Republica was placed in subfamily Eodichromatinae based on the presence of enlarged and thickened Ax1 and Ax2 veins near the base of the wing. Of the members of Eodichromatinae, the closest genus to Republic seems to be Labandeiraia, known from Ypresian species described from the Green River Formation in North America and the Fur Formation and Oise Amber in Europe.[1][5] Modern Euphaeidae species are found in the Australasian, Indomalayan, and Palearctic biogeographic realms, while the known fossil record restricted to Europe and North America.[1]

Description

Major damselfly wing veins

The only known forewing is 40.7 mm (1.60 in) long and 10.4 mm (0.41 in) at its widest giving it a length to width ratio of 3.9, narrower than several other eodichromatines. The length between wing base and nodus is 14.0 mm (0.55 in) while the length to pterostigma is 33.3 mm (1.31 in). The pterostigma is elongate, being 4.0 mm (0.16 in) long and only 0.7 mm (0.028 in) wide, and has slanted cell walls on both the basal and apical sides. Due to poor preservation of the finer venation of the wing, many of the delicate crossveins between more robust major veins are missing making total vein counts impossible from the holotype. The space between the Costa, which forms the frontal wing edge, and the Subcosta has at least 26 crossveins and likely more, all positioned between the Ax1 crossvein near the wing base and the nodus. Both the An isolated crossvein is present between the Ax1 and Ax2 veins of the other C-Sc space, both of which are distinctly more robust than any crossveins in the space.[1]

The wing was possibly slightly darkened across the basal region of the wing, with a lighter to hyaline window across the apical 1/3 of the wing surrounding a darkened tip area. However Archibald and Cannings noted the possibility of this "coloration" being a result of preservation artifacts and not coloration during life.[1]

Paleoenvironment

The formation preserves an upland lake system surrounded by a mixed conifer–broadleaf forest with nearby volcanism.

biotas the lakes were higher and cooler than the coeval coastal forests preserved in the Puget Group and Chuckanut Formation of Western Washington, which are described as lowland tropical forest ecosystems. Estimates of the paleoelevation range between 0.7–1.2 km (0.43–0.75 mi) higher than the coastal forests. This is consistent with the paleoelevation estimates for the lake systems, which range between 1.1–2.9 km (1,100–2,900 m), which is similar to the modern elevation 0.8 km (0.50 mi), but higher.[10]

Estimates of the mean annual temperature for the Klondike Mountain Formation have been derived from climate leaf analysis multivariate program (CLAMP) analysis and leaf margin analysis (LMA) of the Republic paleoflora. The CLAMP results after multiple linear regressions for Republic gave a mean annual temperature of approximately 8.0 °C (46.4 °F), while the LMA gave 9.2 ± 2.0 °C (48.6 ± 3.6 °F). This is lower than the mean annual temperature estimates given for the coastal Puget Group, which is estimated to have been between 15–18.6 °C (59.0–65.5 °F). The bioclimatic analysis for Republic suggests mean annual precipitation amounts of 115 ± 39 cm (45 ± 15 in).[10]

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 235557114
    .
  2. PMID 25081783
    .
  3. S2CID 237717862
    .
  4. S2CID 239036762
    .
  5. ^ Nel, A. (2022). "The second European representative of the epallagid genus Labandeiraia in the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (Odonata, Zygoptera)". Palaeoentomology. 5 (6): 520–523.
  6. ^ Archibald, S.; Greenwood, D.; Smith, R.; Mathewes, R.; Basinger, J. (2011). "Great Canadian Lagerstätten 1. Early Eocene Lagerstätten of the Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia and Washington State)". Geoscience Canada. 38 (4): 155–164.
  7. ^
    doi:10.1139/E04-095
    .
  8. ^ Wolfe, J.A.; Tanai, T. (1987). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of Acer (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America". Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy. 22 (1): 1–246. Archived from the original on 2022-12-22. Retrieved 2023-05-19.
  9. doi:10.3133/b1597
    .
  10. ^
    doi:10.1139/e04-100
    .

External links

Media related to Republica at Wikimedia Commons


† Category:Eocene life of North America Category:Fossil Odonata genera Category:Fossil taxa described in 2021 Category:Klondike Mountain Formation

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