Violales
Violales is a
superorder Violiflorae (also called Violanae).[5]
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system does not recognize order Violales; Violaceae is placed in order Malpighiales and the other families are reassigned to various orders as indicated.[6]
- order Violales Perleb 1826[2]
- family Achariaceae → order Malpighiales
- family Ancistrocladaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Begoniaceae → order Cucurbitales
- family Bixaceae → order Malvales
- family Caricaceae → order Brassicales
- family Cistaceae → order Malvales
- family Cucurbitaceae → order Cucurbitales
- family Datiscaceae → order Cucurbitales
- family Dioncophyllaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Flacourtiaceae → included in family Salicaceae, in order Malpighiales
- family Fouquieriaceae → order Ericales
- family Frankeniaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Hoplestigmataceae→ uncertain position
- family eurosids I(direct placement)
- family Lacistemataceae → order Malpighiales
- family Loasaceae → order Cornales
- family Malesherbiaceae → order Malpighiales (optionally inside Passifloraceae)
- family Passifloraceae → order Malpighiales
- family Peridiscaceae → order Saxifragales
- family Scyphostegiaceae → included in family Salicaceae, in order Malpighiales
- family Stachyuraceae → order Crossosomatales
- family Tamaricaceae → order Caryophyllales
- family Turneraceae → order Malpighiales (optionally inside Passifloraceae)
- family Violaceae → order Malpighiales
References
- ^ Lindley 1853.
- ^ a b Reveal 1999.
- ^ Sharma 2009.
- ^ Cronquist 1981.
- ^ Dahlgren 1980.
- ^ APG IV 2016.
Bibliography
- Cronquist, A (1981). An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. New York: ISBN 9780231038805.
- Dahlgren, R. M. T. (February 1980). "A revised system of classification of the angiosperms". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 80 (2): 91–124. .
- Lindley, John (1853) [1846]. "Violales". The Vegetable Kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system (3rd. ed.). London: Bradbury & Evans. pp. 326−347.
- Sharma, O. P. (2009) [1993]. "Violales". Plant Taxonomy (2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 43, 172, 249. ISBN 978-1-259-08137-8.
- .
- Reveal, James L (27 January 1999). "pbio 450 Lecture Notes: Syllabus Spring 1999 Advanced Plant Taxonomy. Violales Perleb, 1826". Plant systematics. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
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