White-faced saki

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

White-faced saki[1]
Male
Female

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Pitheciidae
Genus: Pithecia
Species:
P. pithecia
Binomial name
Pithecia pithecia
White-faced saki range
Synonyms
  • Pithecia pithecia ssp. pithecia (Linnaeus, 1766)
  • Simia pithecia (Linnaeus, 1766)

The white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia), called the Guianan saki and the golden-faced saki, is a species of the New World

arboreal creatures and are specialists of swinging from tree to tree (brachiation), they are also terrestrial when foraging. White-faced sakis typically live around 14 years in their natural habitat and have been recorded to live up to 36 years in captivity. Sakis are active in the day and sleep highly elevated (15-20m) in trees with many leaves to shelter them from weather and flying predators.[3]

A formerly recognized subspecies of this monkey, P. p. chrysocephala,

P. chrysocephala in 2014.[5]

Reproduction and sexual dimorphism

Female (left) and male P. pithecia, illustrating sexual dimorphism in coat coloration

In captivity, female white-faced sakis experience ovarian cycles of approximately 17 days, and a gestational period of 20–21 weeks. Following birth, the mother undergoes a period of lactationally-induced infertility lasting 23 weeks, on average.[6] White faced sakis breed once a year (in the spring) and only have one offspring.[3]

White-faced sakis display noticeable sexual dimorphism in their coloration and also in size. Females have shorter hair than males, with brownish-grey fur and white or pale brown stripes around the corners of the nose and mouth. Males, on the other hand, have blacker fur, with a reddish-white forehead, face, and throat. Their faces are much whiter than females and males are larger in body size.[5][3] Males are approximately 500 grams heavier than females.[7] Young saki males are often identified as females because of their sometimes "grizzling" dorsal hair and orangish bellies and it is approximately 2 months of age when males and females being to show differences, although it gradually becomes obvious over a few years.[5]

Behavior

A pair often mates for life, and they are very devoted to one another. They will strengthen their bond by grooming one another. Male saki monkeys are usually more active than females. They are considered monogamous, but have seldom been observed over a long period of time and many primatologists question their behavior as being "typical monogamy" because of their inconsistent group numbers and possible seasonal effect on congregations. A South American study performed by Shawn M. Lehman shows that their group number can range from 2-12 group members, with higher numbers typically occurring (but not exclusively) in Guyana, South America.[8] But most widespread observations conclude that they travel in small groups of 2 and 3 which usually include the bonded parents and the offspring; they travel approximately 0.5 to 1.25 miles in search of food or other resources during the early morning and day, when they are most active.[9][7]

Locomotion

White faced sakis vary from many other primates including their close relative,

quadrupedal walking and running (25 percent) and climbing (less than 5 percent).[10]

Diet

These primates travel longer distances than many other primates and can be picky about their sources of food; they prefer trees that produce high amounts of fruit, Capparis trees, and trees with water holes.[11] Sakis have a mixed diet of seeds, fruits, leaves, honey, flowers, insects, and small mammals and birds and typically ingest seeds and plants that are high in lipid composition.[12][7] They have also been observed crawling into hollow portions of trees and eating bats where they roost. They are capable of doing so due to their large canine teeth which assist in cracking the hard outer covering of shells and nuts.[7]

Predation

If a predator is near, alarm calls, which have been observed to last from 1.2 to 88 minutes, will be sounded by an initial saki and then continually echoed by others to spread the warning. They will then puff their bodies up and stomp their feet on the ground or trees in an attempt to intimidate the threat.

mustelids, which are usually threats to the young and elderly.[9]

References

  1. OCLC 62265494
    .
  2. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T43942A192447247.en
    . Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Grubich, Nicole (2013). "Pithecia pithecia (Guianan saki)". Animal Diversity Web.
  4. OCLC 62265494
    .
  5. ^
    S2CID 86516301
    .
  6. doi:10.1002/zoo.1430140506
    .
  7. ^ a b c d e "White- faced saki". Oregon Zoo. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.
  8. doi:10.62015/np.2001.v9.488
    .
  9. ^ a b c Gleason, T.M.; Norconk, M.A. (2002). "Predation risk and antipredator adaptations in whitefaced sakis, Pithecia pithecia" (PDF). In Miller, L.E. (ed.). Eat or be Eaten: Predator Sensitive Foraging Among Primates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 169–184.
  10. S2CID 86531107
    .
  11. S2CID 8884563
    .
  12. ProQuest 757260076
    .

External links

Data related to Pithecia pithecia (White-faced Saki) at Wikispecies

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pithecia pithecia.
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