Wikipedia:College and university article advice
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This set of college and university article advice is intended to apply to all university and higher-education college articles (and some related articles). While the advice presented here is well-suited for the vast majority of such articles, alternate approaches and exceptions have been taken, often the result of national educational differences. Articles for universities in the United States may differ slightly from articles in the United Kingdom, for example. However, the advice is designed to apply to all colleges and universities. If something seems unusual or out-of-place, it may be worthwhile to ask before attempting to change it, as there might be reasons for the oddity that are not immediately obvious.
Notability
In general, most legitimate higher-education colleges and universities are
Reliable sources
Wikipedia
Special care is required for citing
However, colleges and universities do publish a wide variety of important and authoritative information that should be included in any article. The Common Data Set, a fact book/almanac, President's reports, course catalogs, and/or faculty handbooks are excellent and authoritative sources of information on the college or university and can commonly be found on the websites for the provost, registrar, or institutional research office. A university's library or archives office may have a list of published articles or books about the university's history that can be used as reliable sources as well.

Student-published
Independent organizations and national governments also collect and disseminate information about colleges and universities. In the United States, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching publishes widely used descriptive classifications of colleges and universities, the Department of Education publishes statistics through the College Navigator website, and the National Science Foundation publishes information on research & development expenditures.
Neutral point of view
Make sure to write from a
Watch out for overly general and vague statements such as "there are many who think University of X's business program is great" or "Y College is widely recognized as a preeminent institution". Such
Avoid
Rankings
If you cite college and university rankings, be precise and honest. Refactoring rankings (71st nationally according to the source, but 2nd among colleges in the state) to boost the score gives a non-neutral impression and is not appropriate. Claims that an institution "ranks highly" or is "highly exclusive" are just as vague as claims that it is "prestigious" and "excellent." Rankings should be neutrally worded without modifiers or disclaimers, represent a comprehensive cross-section of major rankings by national and international publications, be limited to a single section in the article, and be reported as numeric values with years and verifiable sources; if possible, they should show the range: not "28th," but "28th among the 29" or "28th among the 200".
In the lead, do not use rankings to
- Maintaining appropriate relative emphasis in lead sections
- Following the general principles applicable to describing reputations
- Ensuring that the lead appropriately reflects, and is supported by, the body of the article
- Being directly supported by high-quality sources (WP:SYNTH)
- Adhering to a neutral point of view, including:
- Avoiding boosterism and puffery (which can come in the form of undue weight)
- Using a descriptive, encyclopedic (rather than promotional) tone
- Avoiding boosterism and puffery (which can come in the form of
Naming conventions
This section is a complement to
College and university articles

- Colleges and universities should always be named using the common(not necessarily official) name of the institution. This can often be determined by looking at current branding of a university via their website, published documents, and advertisements.
- Use WP:NCCAPS.
- In general, do not use The before the institution name unless it is the commonly recognized name of the university. Institutions may be officially named using The (such as Ohio State University and George Washington University), but it is preferred that The be left out of the article name.
- Never use abbreviations or acronyms in titles unless the institution you are naming is almost exclusively known only by including such terms and is widely used in that form. See Wikipedia:Naming conventions (abbreviations)for more information.
- For universities that are part of a University of Colorado at Boulder); others use an en dash (e.g., University of Wisconsin–Madison), both of which are acceptable. Most university websites should provide clarification, but in general it is preferred that all institutions in the system use the same naming convention. This may be overruled by common branding.
Disambiguation
- Do not naming conflictexists.
- Never make a disambiguation tag longer than necessary.
- For institutions that share a name, both institutions should follow their name with the highest uncommon location in parentheses. For example, if there are multiple institutions with the same name in the U.S., put the state name in parentheses (not the city name) like in Augustana College (South Dakota). For institutions that have the same name between countries put the country name in parentheses.
- Consider creating redirects to the correct page from pages with names similar to the correct one and from pages with names which are discouraged per this convention. Also consider adding hatnotes linking between articles with similar names.
- Add a link to the institution on its corresponding NYU) and can be redirected right to the university article without a disambiguation page.
Related articles
- Never use an acronym in the name of an institution's related articles where one is not used in the name of the institution. The entire institution's name (especially any parenthetical disambiguation) does not need to be included in the name of a related article, however all related articles should follow the same convention. Examples: History of Michigan State University (rather than "History of MSU"), Oriel College, Oxford (rather than "UO Oriel College"), and, although lengthy, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine (rather than MSU College of Human Medicine).
- For university sports programs University can be dropped from the article name and instead followed by the team name. For example: New York University Violets), also see #Sub-articles.
- It is acceptable to not refer to the university at all in the title of related pages, such as Lyman Briggs College.
Lists
- Lists include embedded lists and stand-alone list articles.
- A list article's title should accurately describe its content.
- Lists should be named "List of..." (e.g. List of alumni of Jesus College, Oxford).
Article structure
The basic structure of a college or university article should follow the general format below. Sections may be expanded, customized, or moved depending on need and type of institution. It may help to take a look at some of our
- Infobox – All institution articles should utilize {{referencesto potentially contentious information such as endowment and enrollment.
- undue weightto any particular section (such as rankings) and mention distinguishing academic, historical, or demographic characteristics. The lead should be a concise summary of the entire article – not simply an introduction.
History
Include noteworthy milestones such as sexual and racial integration, major campus expansions, mergers, renames, foundation of new schools, notable controversies such as student protests or reforms, and impact of major historical events like wars. It is a good idea to include old pictures of buildings which no longer exist or photos of traditions practiced centuries ago. You can find many old images on
Campus (or Facilities, Buildings or Locations)
Describe the overall layout and size of the campus as well as its geographical context or proximity to major cities. Expand on the previous historical discussion of the expansion of the university by describing important buildings, their design, and uses. If any buildings have been included on historic registers or have historic or cultural importance beyond the university itself, mention this with appropriate citations (if there are many historic buildings, summarize numbers and give the most important examples). This section could also summarize information about satellite campuses,
Organization and administration
Discuss the structure of the administration, current leadership, budget, relationship with a board of trustees or regents, student government, endowment information, and important academic divisions of the college/university. Detailed listings of smaller or less prominent academic divisions should be avoided. If this college/university has a special organizational structure, such as a
Academics (or Academic profile)

This section contains information related to the
- Research – This section may be included as a subsection of academic profile, but there needs to be information regarding research expenditures, government support and significant grants (land grant or space grant status, in the U.S. for example), the scale of the physical research plant, and notable research programs.
- Reputation and rankings – Many articles summarize their WP:BOOSTER, the rankings should be presented neutrally and without undue weight – do not exclude or re-factor rankings to present them more favorably, attempt to include every ranking or all historical rankings, or emphasize rankings of sub-disciplines over rankings of the college or university as a whole. Titling the subsection "Reputation and rankings" rather than just "Rankings" may help to encourage a broader scope.
Admissions and costs
If the institution's admissions process is competitive, it may be described here. Include factors admissions considers or does not consider. For American colleges, {{Infobox U.S. college admissions}} may be used to summarize statistics. If an institution's cost model is complex, such as having separate in-state and out-of-state tuition fees or offering significant financial aid, describe that here.
Student life

This section discusses specific traditions of the college/university, like
Student body
This section summarizes the demographics of the student body, including size, qualitative character, gender, age, race, geographic origin, class, average test scores, and average performance in high school.
Other sections and material
- Noted people – This section should give a sense of the extent to which persons with well-known deeds or highly significant accomplishments are or have been associated with the school (as by attendance there or by being on staff or faculty). For most schools this might take the form of a list of people meeting Wikipedia's notabilitystandards (each with perhaps a very brief descriptive phrase), where such a list would not be excessively long. For very old, very large, or very prestigious schools it may be more appropriate to use categories ("Alumni of", "Faculty of", etc. note that "Alumni" categories are only for former students, including graduates; current students are not considered alumni) instead, limiting the explicit list to very well-known persons (heads of state, historical figures, etc.) and adding a narrative summary of statistics on such things as Nobel Prizes, other prestigious awards, and so on.
- In popular culture or Cultural references – If there are numerous reliable sources that discuss the institution's influence on popular culture then it may be appropriate to have a brief section describing that influence and offering well-known, pertinent examples. Such a section should not be an indiscriminate list of instances where the college or university is mentioned (in movies, books, television shows, etc.) nor should the section offer examples and discussion selected only by Wikipedia editors.
- Notes/References – If you use the appropriate inline citationsthroughout the article (as you should), then this section is simply typing
<references />
or{{Reflist}}
If the same source is cited multiple times, collapse these repeated citations into a single reference by using<ref name="XYZ">citation template</ref>
(where XYZ is a short name such as "CDS" for Common Data Set for example) after the first instance and<ref name="XYZ"/>
for every subsequent instance. - External links – Give a link to the official website of the college/university, preferably in the English language. If there is a reliable and independent student newspaper, link it. A link to accreditation information hosted by the accreditor may also be useful. The number of links here should be kept to an absolute minimum: do not to link other university pages (e.g., admissions, School of Law, Department of Psychology), related groups (e.g., unions, clubs), or pages already linked from earlier citations.
- Navigation templates – Some major universities have enough related articles that they create navigation templatesto allow users to navigate through them. Universities may also be members of athletic conferences, research consortia, or other types of organizations which have navigation templates as well. All navigation templates should be placed at the very end of the article.
Sub-articles
When university pages become too large or too comprehensive it may be beneficial to break off certain sections into sub-pages. When this happens, a
General splitting of articles
Separate articles explaining a college or university's history (History of Texas A&M University), campus (Campus of Michigan State University), and alumni (List of Athabasca University people – see lists advice above) must still fulfill the notability policy of receiving significant coverage in reliable sources independent of the university. Such articles are generally notable only at large institutions or institutions where one of these aspects is especially important or significant. Smaller institutions with historical significance (like Harvard University) are an example of this exception.
Sports

Separate sports articles for institutions which have large sports programs are acceptable (i.e.
Faculties and academic colleges
If an institution's
Student life
Student life and university traditions articles are generally not notable unless they are sufficiently unusual that they have received significant coverage in reliable sources independent of the university. Some articles satisfy this criterion (
- The "secondary sources" in the criterion include reliable published works in all forms, such as (for examples) newspaper articles, books, television documentaries, and published reports by organizations – none of which should be written by any part of the union/organization/government or university itself. These sources may come from other universities or from the university press but never from the university which the group or organization is a part of.
- Press releases; advertising for the student group or organization; and other works where the group talks about itself – whether published by the university, group itself, or re-printed by other people – are not acceptable sources to establish notability.
- Works carrying merely trivial coverage are also not acceptable to establish notability. For example: newspaper articles that simply report meeting times or election results, or the publications of telephone numbers, addresses, and directions in business directories.
- Individual chapters of national and international organizations are almost always not notable enough to warrant a separate article (even if the parent organization is notable). Local chapters may be notable only in the rare circumstances that sufficient notability is established through reliable sources. However, chapter information may be included in list articles as long as only verifiable information is included. This especially applies to fraternities and sororities.
- Organizations whose activities are local in scope are usually not notable unless verifiable information from reliable independent sources can be found.
- The organization’s longevity, size of membership, or major achievements, or other factors specific to the organization may be considered. This list is not exhaustive and not conclusive.
A
It is
In popular culture
"University of X
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Notes
- ^ In the United States, many NCAA Division I institutions meet this threshold; most Division III institutions do not.