Wu Man

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Wu Man
吴蛮
Chinese music, world music, contemporary classical
Instrument(s)Pipa, ruan, zheng
Websitewww.wumanpipa.org Edit this at Wikidata
In this Chinese name, the family name is 吴 (Wu).

Wu Man (

Silk Road Ensemble, and has premiered works by Philip Glass, Lou Harrison, Terry Riley, Bright Sheng, Tan Dun, Zhao Jiping, and Zhou Long, among many others. She has recorded and appeared on over 40 albums, five of which have been nominated for Grammy Awards. In 2013, she was named Instrumentalist of the Year by Musical America, becoming the first performer of a non-Western instrument to receive this award.[2] She also received The United States Artists
Award in 2008.

Biography

Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Wu Man began taking pipa lessons at age 9. When universities opened their doors to new students in 1977 after the Cultural Revolution had ended, Wu Man traveled to Beijing to audition for the Central Conservatory of Music. At 13, she became the youngest student at the school, and her final audition was covered in national newspapers.[3] While at the Conservatory, she studied Pudong-style pipa performance under Lin Shicheng, Kuang Yuzhong, Chen Zemin, and Liu Dehai.[4] She was first exposed to non-Chinese music in 1979 when Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony Orchestra performed in Beijing, and again in 1980 when she attended Isaac Stern’s master classes at the Conservatory.[3] She received her Master's Degree (the first such degree conferred on a pipa player) in 1987.[5]

Wu Man first performed in the United States as a member of the China Youth Arts Troupe in 1985. She moved to the U.S. five years later to pursue a career in pipa performance that would allow her repertoire to extend beyond traditional Chinese music.

Silk Road Project (see below).[9]

In 2003, Wu Man began working with

Cultural Olympiad on the occasion of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Taking Orion as its title and inspiration (the constellation can be seen from both hemispheres throughout the year), the piece contains movements representing various countries around the world. The third movement, "China", was co-written by Glass and Wu Man, and features Wu Man on pipa. Additional collaborators include Ravi Shankar, Mark Atkins, Foday Musa Suso, Ashley MacIsaac, and Uakti. The work was premiered prior to the Games, and recorded and released on Orange Mountain Music in 2005.[12]

In 2009, Wu Man curated a pair of concerts at

Dong and Tujia peoples, as well as Taoist ritual.[13] The process of finding these musicians was documented in the 2012 film Discovering a Musical Heartland: Wu Man's Return to China.[14]

Wu Man's achievements in bringing the pipa to new audiences were recognized at the end of 2012 when Musical America selected her as the 2013 Instrumentalist of the Year. She is the first performer of a non-Western instrument to receive this award.[15] Later that season, Wu Man premiered her composition Blue and Green with New York–based chamber orchestra The Knights. Arranged for pipa and string orchestra by Lev Zhurbin and The Knights' Colin Jacobsen, the work is influenced by folk melodies that Wu Man heard travelling through China.[16] That same season, Wu Man premiered Zhao Jiping’s Pipa Concerto No. 2 at the Sydney Opera House with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, who commissioned the work along with a consortium of North American orchestras.[17]

In 2014, Wu Man was named the first Musician-in-Residence at the

janggo, and shakuhachi, and was premiered on June 17, 2014 at the Huntington's Chinese Garden.[18][19]

Collaborations

Kronos Quartet

Wu Man first performed with the Kronos Quartet in the premiere of Zhou Long's Soul for pipa and string quartet at the Pittsburgh New Music Festival in 1992.[20] The Quartet's founding violinist, David Harrington, says he "heard all sorts of possibilities in Wu Man's vivid pipa sound,"[21] and the Quartet subsequently commissioned Tan Dun to write a piece for the same instrumentation. The resulting Ghost Opera, a semi-staged work with minimal sets and lighting, received its premiere at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in 1995.[22] The work was later recorded and released on Nonesuch in 1997.[23] On the occasion of Terry Riley's 70th birthday in 2005, the Quartet commissioned a new work from him that would include pipa. After working with Wu Man for over a year to learn the intricacies of the instrument, Riley composed The Cusp of Magic, a work in six movements that included Wu Man on pipa and vocals. All five musicians also play a variety of percussion instruments and toys. The premiere was presented by Cal Performances at Hertz Hall on the University of California, Berkeley campus, and was recorded and released on Nonesuch in 2008.[24][25] Wu Man's most recent project with the Quartet is a multimedia work entitled A Chinese Home, co-conceived by Wu Man, Harrington, and Chinese theater director Chen Shi-Zheng. The work, which received its premiere at Carnegie's Zankel Hall in 2009, depicts a broad stretch of Chinese history, from the Qing dynasty through the Chinese Communist Revolution to present day.[21]

Wu Man continues to perform regularly with Kronos, and was a featured guest artist in the Quartet's 40th Anniversary concerts in the 2013-14 season at the International Festival of Arts & Ideas, Cal Performances, Center for the Art of Performance at

Rahul Dev Burman; and A Thousand Thoughts, the Quartet's 40th anniversary compilation album.[27][28][29]

Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Project

Wu Man is a founding member of

Silk Road Project, a non-profit organization established in 1998 to foster cross-cultural communication through musical performance and education.[9][30] Two years after its inception, the Project hosted a workshop at the Tanglewood Music Center that evolved into the Silk Road Ensemble, an eclectic group of musicians representing countries along the Silk Road.[31] Wu Man has performed regularly with the Ensemble since its inception in 2000, recording five albums
and touring internationally.

In the 2006-07 season, the Silk Road Project partnered with the

Silk Road Chicago, culminating in the 2008 album release Traditions and Transformations: Sounds of Silk Road Chicago. Wu Man appears on this album as a soloist, performing Lou Harrison's Pipa Concerto with the CSO and conductor Miguel Harth-Bedoya.[32]

Wu Man has also performed multiple times with Yo-Yo Ma outside of the Silk Road Ensemble. In 1999, Wu Man and Ma performed at the White House, premiering Bright Sheng's Three Songs for Pipa and Violoncello.[33] That same year, Ma was awarded the Glenn Gould Prize and selected Wu Man as the Glenn Gould Protégé.[34] They performed together again in 2003, premiering Sheng’s The Song and Dance of Tears alongside pianist Emanuel Ax, with David Zinman conducting the New York Philharmonic.[35]

Miscellaneous cross-cultural collaborations

Wu Man performing at WOMEX 15, Budapest

In 2005, Wu Man and composer

Zankel Hall in 2006 and the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival in 2010.[39][40]

In 2010, Wu Man traveled to Taiwan to study the music of

Taiwanese aborigines, leading to a series of concerts in 2012 titled "Wu Man and Aboriginal Friends from Taiwan (吳蠻與原住民朋友)". In these concerts, Wu Man was joined onstage by musicians of the Paiwan, Atayal, and Bunun tribes, performing arrangements of traditional and ritual songs with pipa accompaniment. Performances took place at the Taiwan International Festival of Arts at the National Theater and Concert Hall, Taipei, and at the New Vision Arts Festival in Hong Kong.[41][42]

With funds from the

satar into a single double-necked instrument), dutar, tanbur, and vocals; Hesenjan Tursun on satar and vocals; Sanubar Tursun on dutar and vocals; and Yasin Yaqup on dap.[43]

In 2013, Wu Man received an Individual Artist Fellowship from San Diego Foundation's Creative Catalyst Fund to pursue a project titled "When China Meets Latin America", collaborating with son jarocho quartet Son de San Diego. In their initial rehearsals, Wu Man and Son de San Diego explored the commonalities in Chinese and Latin American folk traditions, both of which, Son de San Diego's Eduardo Garcia Acosta notes, have "love songs, silvery dawns, birdsongs, broken hearts, tales of sailing, and the sheer joy of dancing."[44] Following these rehearsals, the ad hoc quintet has performed arrangements of Chinese and Latin American folk music in workshops and concerts presented by the Carlsbad Music Festival.[45]

Wu Man performed in several concerts at the 2023 Ojai Music Festival, including two performances of "Ghost Opera".

Personal life

Wu Man lives with her husband, Peng Wang, in Carlsbad, California, where they moved in 2004 after her husband accepted a job there.[46] She and her husband became naturalized U.S. citizens in 2000, two years after the birth of their son.[46]

Discography

Solo or as leader

Orchestral

with Kronos Quartet

with Aga Khan Master Musicians

with

Silk Road Ensemble[32]

  • 2002 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: Silk Road Journeys: When Strangers Meet (Sony Classical)
  • 2005 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: Silk Road Journeys: Beyond the Horizon (Sony Classical)
  • 2007 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: New Impossibilities (Sony Classical)
  • 2009 — Silk Road Ensemble: Off the Map (World Village)
  • 2013 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: A Playlist without Borders (CD) / Live from Tanglewood (DVD) (Sony Classical)

with Philip Glass

with Bang on a Can

with Liu Sola[64]

  • 1994 — Sola: Blues in the East (Axiom, 1994)
  • 1995 — Sola & Wu Man: China Collage (Avant, 1995)
  • 1999 — Sola & Friends (Also Productions, 1999)

with Henry Threadgill

Film soundtracks

Misc. duo

Misc. ensemble

Appearances on anthologies & compilations

  • 1992 — An Anthology of Chinese Traditional and Folk Music, Vol. 4: A Collection of Music Played on the Pipa (China Record Corporation)[76]
  • 1994 — World Music Sampler, Volume 2 (Nimbus)[77]
  • 1995 — A Taste of Asia (Nimbus)[78]
  • 1997 — Treasurable Collection of Traditional Chinese Music: Pipa[79]
  • 1998 — China: Time to Listen (Ellipsis Arts)[80]
  • 2001 — Masterpieces: Pipa (China Record Corporation)[81]
  • 2002 — The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan (Smithsonian Folkways)[82]
  • 2002 — Chinese Music Classics of the 20th Century: Pipa I (China Record Corporation)[83]
  • 2004 — The Classics of CRC Instrumental Music, Vol. 2 (China Record Corporation)[84]

Awards and honors

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9781452171777
    .
  2. ^ a b "MusicalAmerica - Instrumentalist of the Year". www.musicalamerica.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  3. ^ a b c Wu Man. "Chinese Idol." The Silk Road Project Newsletter. May 2011. Accessed July 25, 2014. http://archive.silkroadproject.org/News/Newsletter/July11/ChineseIdolPart2/tabid/1483/Default.aspx
  4. ^ (in Chinese) Central Conservatory of Music. "Lin Shicheng." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.ccom.edu.cn/news/jczt/zt/2012lsc/201211/t20121116_22608.html
  5. ^ (in Chinese) CCoM. "Degree List (1987)." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.ccom.edu.cn/aboutccom/jigou/jfjg/ysss/xwsy/201010/t20101014_13787.html
  6. ^ "Harrison (Lou) Papers: Music Manuscripts". www.oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  7. ^ a b c "Entertainment". UPROXX. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  8. ^ a b The Harvard University Gazette. "Thirty-Seven Women Appointed Fellows at Radcliffe's Bunting Institute." Accessed July 22, 2014. http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/05.28/Thirty-SevenWom.html
  9. ^ a b "Wu Man: Giving the Pipa New Life". www.sfcv.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  10. ^ American Repertory Theater. "The Sound of a Voice." Accessed July 28, 2014. http://americanrepertorytheater.org/events/show/sound-voice
  11. ^ a b Philip Glass. "Recordings: Theater Music, Vol. 1" Accessed July 28, 2014. http://www.philipglass.com/music/recordings/theater_music.php
  12. ^ Glass. "Compositions: Orion." Accessed July 24, 2014. http://www.philipglass.com/music/compositions/orion.php
  13. ^ Carnegie Hall. "Ancient Paths, Modern Voices." Accessed July 22, 2014. http://www.carnegiehall.org/chinafestival/index.aspx
  14. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  15. ^ "Musical America Blogs » At The Awards: Wu Man". Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  16. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  17. ^ Sydney Symphony Orchestra. "Tea & Symphony." November 1, 2013. Accessed July 28, 2014. http://www.sydneysymphony.com/media/861987/prog31_20131101_newworld_tas_sso.pdf
  18. ^ The Huntington. "Garden of Flowing Fragrance." Accessed July 28, 2014. http://huntington.org/WebAssets/Templates/content.aspx?id=2540
  19. ^ "Huntington library hosts Wu Man's final concert|Across Americas|chinadaily.com.cn". usa.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  20. ^ WorldCat. "Soul: pipa and string quartet." Accessed July 23, 2014. http://www.worldcat.org/title/soul-pipa-and-string-quartet/oclc/28433345
  21. ^ a b Kronos Quartet. "A Chinese Home." Accessed July 23, 2014. http://kronosquartet.org/projects/detail/a_chinese_home/
  22. ^ Kronos Quartet. "Ghost Opera." Accessed July 23, 2014. http://kronosquartet.org/projects/detail/ghost_opera/
  23. ^ a b "Nonesuch Records Tan Dun: Ghost Opera". Nonesuch Records Official Website. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  24. ^ a b "Nonesuch Records The Cusp of Magic". Nonesuch Records Official Website. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  25. ^ Cal Performances. "Kronos Quartet Gives the Premiere of Terry Riley's The Cusp of Magic." April 12, 2005. Accessed July 25, 2014. http://calperformances.org/learn/news_features/press/pdf/04.05/KronosQuartetPR.pdf
  26. ^ Kronos Quartet. "Kronos at 40: A Season of Celebration." June 20, 2013. Accessed July 29, 2014. http://kronosquartet.org/news/article/kronos-at-40-a-season-of-celebration
  27. ^ a b "Early Music | Nonesuch Records - MP3 Downloads, Free Streaming Music, Lyrics". Nonesuch Records Official Website. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  28. ^ a b "You've Stolen My Heart (with Asha Bhosle) | Nonesuch Records - MP3 Downloads, Free Streaming Music, Lyrics". Nonesuch Records Official Website. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  29. ^ a b "Nonesuch Records A Thousand Thoughts". Nonesuch Records Official Website. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  30. ^ "About Silkroad". Silkroad. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  31. ^ Silk Road Project. "Silk Road Ensemble." Accessed July 29, 2014. http://www.silkroadproject.org/case-ensemble
  32. ^ a b "Silkroad Artists". Silkroad. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  33. ^ "Bright Sheng - Three Songs for Pipa and Violoncello". brightsheng.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  34. ^ a b Glenn Gould Foundation. http://glenngould.ca/protege-prize/
  35. ^ "Bright Sheng | Composer, Conductor & Pianist". brightsheng.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  36. ^ Theodore Presser Company. "Chen Yi." Accessed August 8, 2014. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2014-08-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  37. ^ Radio, Southern California Public (2011-11-14). "Wu Man's Ancient Dances Will Bridge Chinese Centuries at Royce Hall". Southern California Public Radio. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  38. ^ a b Traditional Crossroads. "Wu Man and Friends." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.traditionalcrossroads.com/shop/article_CD%25204329/Wu-Man-and-Friends.html
  39. ^ Carnegie Hall. "2005-2006 Annual Report." Accessed August 25, 2014. Page 19. http://www.carnegiehall.org/pdf/0506_CH_Annual_Report.pdf
  40. ^ "Grant-communications.com". www.grant-communications.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  41. ^ 本事設計. "Wu Man and Aboriginal Friends｜2012 Taiwan International Festival of Arts". tifa.npac-ntch.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  42. ^ New Vision Arts Festival. "Wu Man and Aboriginal Friends from Taiwan." Accessed August 8, 2014. http://www.newvisionfestival.gov.hk/2012/eng/music_wuman.php
  43. ^ Rachel Harris. Liner notes to Borderlands: Wu Man and Master Musicians from the Silk Route. Wu Man et al. Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. SFW CD 40529. CD. 2011.
  44. ^ Eduardo Garcia Acosta. "The Magic Sound of Strings." Carlsbad Music Festival. March 18, 2014. Accessed August 8, 2014. http://carlsbadmusicfestival.org/wuman/the-magic-sound-of-strings-by-eduardo-garcia-acosta/
  45. ^ Carlsbad Music Festival. "Wu Man." Accessed August 8, 2014. http://carlsbadmusicfestival.org/wuman/
  46. ^ a b "The American artist: Wu Man: Crossing borders and boundaries with pipa music". 4 July 2021.
  47. ^ WorldCat. "Ba wang xie jia : wu man pi pa du zou - The overlord removed off his armour: pipa solo by Wu Man." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.worldcat.org/title/ba-wang-xie-jia-wu-man-pi-pa-du-zou-the-overlord-removed-off-his-armour-pipa-solo-by-wu-man/oclc/422641240
  48. ^ "Chinese Music for the Pipa". www.wyastone.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  49. ^ "Chinese Traditional and Contemporary Music". www.wyastone.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  50. ^ "Chinese Traditional & Contemporary - Music for Pipa & Ensemble". www.wyastone.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  51. ^ "LIU Sola. Music album. Spring Snowfall". liusolastudio.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  52. ^ "Man Wu: From A Distance - Pipa Music - 76037-2 | Discover more releases from Naxos World Music". www.naxos.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  53. ^ Traditional Crossroads. "Immesurable [sic] Light." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.traditionalcrossroads.com/shop/article_CD%25204343/Wu-Man---Immesurable-Light.html
  54. ^ "Music of Central Asia Vol.10: Borderlands: Wu Man and Master Musicians from the Silk Route". Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  55. ^ Wind Music. "Elegant Pipa Classics." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.windmusic.com.tw/en/pro_detail.asp?PDT_NO=TCD-1036
  56. ^ Dwek, Joel (2020-08-08). "CHINA: Our World In Song - Daniel Ho, Wu Man & Luis Conte". 200worldalbums.com. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  57. ^ Mode Records. "Lou Harrison: For Strings." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.moderecords.com/catalog/140harrison.html
  58. ^ "Verlag/Label: Wergo". www.schott-music.com (in German). Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  59. ^ ONYX. "Moscow Soloists & Yuri Bashmet - Tan Dun/Takemitsu etc." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.onyxclassics.com/cddetail.php?CatalogueNumber=ONYX4027
  60. ^ "Traditions & Transformations: Sounds of Silk Road Chicago - CSO Sounds & Stories". csosoundsandstories.org. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  61. ^ Glass. "Recordings: Orion." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.philipglass.com/music/recordings/orion.php
  62. ^ Bang On A Can - Music For Airports - Brian Eno, retrieved 2022-09-30
  63. ^ "In C". Bang on a Can. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  64. ^ Liu Sola. "Liu Sola's discography." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://liusolastudio.com/eng/MusDisc.html
  65. ^ The Wedding Banquet - Mader | Credits | AllMusic, retrieved 2022-09-30
  66. ^ Maria Banks. "Wu Man/The Circle Magazine Interview." Circle Magazine. Accessed July 21, 2014. http://circlemag.org/Files/2012v1-wuman.pdf
  67. ^ Water Lily Acoustics. "Released." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://waterlilyacoustics.com/released.htm
  68. ^ Yoshio Kurahashi. "Recordings." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.mujuan.us/recordings.html
  69. ^ Tatsu Aoki. "Posture of Reality." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.tatsuaoki.com/r_pos.html
  70. ^ Carry the Day - Henry Threadgill | Credits | AllMusic, retrieved 2022-09-30
  71. ^ "Welcome to Tzadik". www.tzadik.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  72. ^ "Textalk Webshop". eclassical.textalk.se. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  73. ^ New World Records. "Zhou Long: Nature and Spirit." Accessed July 18, 2014. http://www.newworldrecords.org/album.cgi?rm=view&album_id=17461
  74. ^ "Albany Records: 66 Times". www.albanyrecords.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  75. ^ "Lei Liang: Verge - Tremors of a Memory Chord - 8.572839 | Discover more releases from Naxos". www.naxos.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  76. ^ China Music Group. "Track Detail: Chen Sui." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.chinamusicgroup.com/track_details.php?track_id=18059
  77. ^ "World Music Sampler Volume 2". www.wyastone.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  78. ^ "A Taste of Asia". www.wyastone.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  79. ^ China Music Group. "Track Detail: The General's Order." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.chinamusicgroup.com/track_details.php?track_id=9
  80. ^ Various - China (Time To Listen), retrieved 2022-09-30
  81. ^ China Music Group. "Track Detail: The General's Order." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.chinamusicgroup.com/track_details.php?track_id=2263
  82. ^ "The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan". Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  83. ^ China Music Group. "Track Detail: The General's Order." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.chinamusicgroup.com/track_details.php?track_id=3805
  84. ^ China Music Group. "Track Detail: Laying an Ambush on All Sides." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.chinamusicgroup.com/track_details.php?track_id=13182
  85. ^ (in Chinese) CCoM. "Award Information 1951-1989." Accessed July 21, 2014. http://www.ccom.edu.cn/aboutccom/xygk/xycj/hjxx/201010/t20101028_16885.html
  86. ^ Walling, Suzanne. "Wu Man". USA Fellows. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  87. ^ "Complete list of 2006 Grammy winners". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  88. ^ Los Angeles Times. "Grammy Awards 2011: Winners and nominees for 53rd Grammy Awards." Accessed July 25, 2014. http://www.latimes.com/la-et-env-grammys-nominees-2010-list-htmlstory.html
  89. ^ Independent Music Awards. "Song Nominees: 12th Annual Independent Music Awards - World Traditional." Accessed July 25, 2014. http://www.independentmusicawards.com/imanominee/12th/song/world-traditional
  90. ^ IMA. "Video Nominees: 12th Annual Independent Music Awards - Long Form." Accessed July 25, 2014. http://www.independentmusicawards.com/imanominee/12th/Video/Long-Form
  91. ^ IMA. "Album Nominees: 12th Annual Independent Music Awards - World Traditional." Accessed July 25, 2014. http://www.independentmusicawards.com/imanominee/13th/Album/World-Traditional
  92. ^ (in Chinese) http://news.rti.org.tw/news/detail/?recordId=118393
  93. ^ Grammy.com Accessed February 24, 2015 http://www.grammy.com/NOMINEES?genre=34
  94. ^ "NEA National Heritage Fellowships 2023". www.arts.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. n.d. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wu Man.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wu_Man&oldid=1191265254"
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article: Wu Man. Articles is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license; additional terms may apply.Privacy Policy