Yekum Purkan
Yekum Purkan (
History
The two Yekum Purkan prayers were composed in
The first of the two prayers was composed in the tenth or eleventh century, when the
The earliest written record of the first Yekum Purkan prayer is found in the
Yekum Purkan, and the Mi Sheberakh prayer that follows it, are among the earliest known recitations of personalized blessings in the Jewish liturgy, whose typical usage until then was standardized prayers using set Hebrew phrases, recited on behalf of the entire community, without specifying the roles or identities of the worshippers.[6]
Content
Both prayers are very similar in form and derive their name from their opening words, yekum purkan, meaning “may deliverance arise” or “may salvation arise.”[2]
The first is a prayer for the welfare of the Torah scholars in the Land of Israel and Babylonia, their teachers, the exilarch, and the judges. Many of the phrases of this prayer resemble those of the Kaddish de-Rabbanan ("the scholars' Kaddish"). It invokes God's blessings on the “heads of the academies” (the geonim), the “head of the Diaspora” (the exilarch) and the “judges at the gates” and requests divine favor for those who uphold Torah – by teaching, study, support and especially by undertaking the responsibilities of communal leadership.[1][2][3]
The second Yekum Purkan prayer is phrased similarly to the first and is a more general prayer for the welfare of the congregation; it requests God's blessing for all the members of the congregation and their families “wives, sons and daughters and all that is theirs.”[1][2][3]
Place in the liturgy
In the Ashkenazi ritual, the two Yekum Purkan prayers are recited on Sabbath morning, following the public
These prayers are recited on every Sabbath of the year, including
One reason given for Yekum Purkan not being recited on a weekday holiday is so as to end the lengthy holiday services somewhat earlier so that people can leave to prepare their
As the prayer concerns those who teach, learn and provide leadership and material support to maintain Torah study, the placement of the Yekum Purkan prayer in the order of the service is immediately following the readings from the Torah and Prophets.
Following the two paragraphs of Yekum Purkan, an additional prayer, the
Even though the academies of Babylonia and positions referred to in the first Yekum Purkan no longer exist and Aramaic is no longer a spoken language of the Jews, this prayer has remained part of the Sabbath liturgy in Ashkenazic communities.[3] In modern times, some communities have added the phrase “and all that are in the lands of our dispersion” to make the prayer more relevant to them[1][2] while others interpret the term “Babylonia” – when used together in distinction to the term “Land of Israel” – to apply to all the lands outside of the Land of Israel in which Jews were dispersed.[8]
According to the Orthodox practice, a person who is praying alone does not say the second Yekum Purkan, as it is recited on behalf of the congregation, which is not present when one prays alone. Some halachic authorities rule that both paragraphs of Yekum Purkan should be omitted by someone who prays alone.[11]
Further reading
- Duschinsky, C (1927). "The Yekum Purkan". Livre D'Hommage a la Memoire du Dr. Samuel Poznanski. Warsaw. pp. 182–198.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
References
- ^ ISBN 088482876X.
- ^ a b c d e f "Yekum Purkan". Encyclopedia Judaica. Vol. 16 (1st ed.). Jerusalem, Israel: Keter Publishing House Ltd. 1973. p. 735.
- ^ ISBN 0-8276-0760-1.
- ^ Daniel Goldschmidt, Rosh Hashanah Machzor, p. 27 of introduction.
- ^ Daniel Goldschmidt, Rosh Hashanah Machzor, p. 27 of introduction, note 51.
- ISBN 9781434828293.
- ^ Rema. Shulchan Aruch. Orach Chayim. 284:6.
- ^ ISBN 0-89906-662-3.
- ISBN 978-0873068895.
- ^ Machzor Shivchei Yeshurun, page 50.
- Chofetz Chaim. Mishna Berura. 101:19.