Zikhron Ya'akov
Zikhron Ya'akov
זִכְרוֹן יַעֲקֹב | |
---|---|
Hebrew transcription(s) | |
• ISO 259 | Zichron Yaˁaqob |
• Also spelled | Zichron Ya'aqov (official) Zichron Yaakov (unofficial) |
![]() HaMeyasdim Street in Zikhron Ya'akov | |
Coordinates: 32°34′15″N 34°57′06″E / 32.57083°N 34.95167°E | |
Country | ![]() |
District | ![]() |
Founded | 1882 |
Government | |
• Head of Municipality | Ziv Deshe |
Area | |
• Total | 32,129 dunams (32.129 km2 or 12.405 sq mi) |
Population (2022)[1] | |
• Total | 24,145 |
• Density | 750/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
Name meaning | Jacob's Memorial |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/1890s_winemaking_barrel_shop_in_Zikhron_Yaakov.jpg/300px-1890s_winemaking_barrel_shop_in_Zikhron_Yaakov.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ohel_Yaakov_sinagogue_Zichron_Yaacov_from_north_east.jpg/220px-Ohel_Yaakov_sinagogue_Zichron_Yaacov_from_north_east.jpg)
Zikhron Ya'akov (Hebrew: זִכְרוֹן יַעֲקֹב, lit. "Jacob's Memorial"; often shortened to just Zikhron) is a town in Israel, 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Haifa, and part of the Haifa District. It is located at the southern end of the Carmel mountain range overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, near the coastal highway (Highway 2). It was one of the first Jewish settlements of Halutzim in the country, founded in 1882 by Romanian Jews, who in 1883 received support from Baron Edmond James de Rothschild and renamed their town in honor of his father, James Mayer de Rothschild ("James" being derived from the Hebrew name Ya'akov, Jacob).[2] In 2022 it had a population of 24,145.[1]
History
Zikhron Ya'akov was founded in December 1882 when 100
In 1883,
To accomplish his first objective, Baron de Rothschild brought in planners who designed and allotted housing lots along the main road for the use of settlement farmers. Each lot included a house facing the street, a long interior courtyard and a rear building for storing agricultural implements. The French-inspired architecture included tiled roofs and painted wooden windows. Each farmer was given a salary and placed under the direction of
Following a number of economic failures, in 1885 Rothschild helped to establish the first winery in Israel, Carmel Winery, together with a bottling factory, in Zikhron Ya'akov. This was more successful economically although it was initially short-lived as in 1892 the grapevines succumbed to phylloxera, a type of parasite. After a brief set-back, American seedlings which were resistant to phylloxera were grown and the winery began to flourish. Today, the winery remains in action, as do the huge wine cellars that were carved into the mountain over a century ago.
In 1894, Jewish and Arab workers earned a wage of six piastres working in the plantations, but Jewish workers also received a supplement of four piastres from a charity fund.[10] When Rothschild withdrew his financial support from plantations in Palestine in 1900, the subsidy was discontinued. Jewish workers were quickly replaced by Arab ones, used to being paid the lower wage.[10]
In August 1903, the First
Between 1907 and 1919, Hillel Yaffe's hospital, the only Jewish hospital north of Jaffa, was located in Zichron Ya'akov; according to Hillel Yaffe's wishes, he was buried in Zikhron Ya'akov in 1936.
In 1910
In 1954, the remains of Baron Edmond de Rothschild were reinterred in Zikhron Ya'akov.[12]
Nili spy ring
Zikhron Ya'akov came to fame during
Demographics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91-JNF007663.jpeg/220px-%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91-JNF007663.jpeg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Zoltan_Kluger._Sichron_Jacob.jpg/220px-Zoltan_Kluger._Sichron_Jacob.jpg)
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Zikhron-Yaakov had a population of 1,302 inhabitants; 1,013 Jews, 7 Christians and 282 Muslims,[13] where the Christians were 2 Orthodox, 3 Roman Catholics, 1 Anglican and 1 Protestant.[14]
The population increased dramatically in the early 1950s, after the establishment of the
Education and religious institutions
While the majority of citizens of the town would define themselves as secular, there is a sizable religious Jewish community in the town, including
Landmarks
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_-_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%91-JNF025970.jpeg/220px-%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_-_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%91-JNF025970.jpeg)
The original Carmel-Mizrahi Winery continues to make wine in Zikhron Yaakov. The town draws many tourists attracted to its picturesque setting and historic city center whose restored main street of landmark buildings, called Derekh HaYayin ("Path of the Wine"), houses
Notable residents
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Zeriztky_Gazith%2C_1940.jpg/160px-Zeriztky_Gazith%2C_1940.jpg)
- Aaron Aaronsohn
- Sarah Aaronsohn
- Aaron Ben-Ze'ev
- Rivka Carmi (born 1948), pediatrician, geneticist, and President of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Tony Cliff
- Reuven Gal, social and clinical psychologist, social activist, and entrepreneur
- Moshe Ivgy, actor and director
- Chaim Dov Kantor, rabbi
- Peretz Lavie (born 1949)
- Motti Lerner (born 1949), playwright and screenwriter
- Shlomo Maital (born 1942), scientist
- Avi Mizrahi (born 1957), general
- Yair Naveh (born 1957), major general
- David Remez, politician, Minister of Transportation, and signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence
- Ran Sagiv (born 1997), Olympic triathlete
- Shachar Sagiv (born 1994), Olympic triathlete
- Shemi Sagiv(born 1959), Olympic marathoner
- Ofir Shaham (born 2004), Israeli team world champion rhythmic gymnast
- Dan Shilon, television host, director, and producer
- Joseph Zaritsky (1891–1985), painter
Twin towns – sister cities
Zikhron Ya'akov is twinned with:
Charenton-le-Pont, France
- South Palm Beach, United states
See also
References
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Zichron Yaakov". Retrieved 2008-01-26.
- ^ Marom, Roy. "The Abu Hameds of Mulabbis: An Oral History of a Palestinian Village Depopulated in the Late Ottoman Period". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies: 2.
- ^ a b c d "Gems in Israel-Zichron Ya'acov". Gems in Israel. Archived from the original on 2008-08-27. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
- ^ Merkaz Ha-Hasbarah, Israel (1963). "Israel Government Year Book".
- ISBN 1870015193.
- ^ "Măriuca Stanciu - A promotor of the Haskala in Romania – Moses Gaster". Studia Hebraica I, University of Bucharest, 2003. Archived from the original on 2018-01-10.
- ^ Ya'akov offers breathtaking views, history lesson
- ^ Ohel Yaakov Synagogue
- ^ a b Gershon Shafir, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1882-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- ISBN 9-781789-544633. p.78
- ^ Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934)
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. 34
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 49
- ^ "List of Localities" (PDF) (in Hebrew and English). The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. 31 December 2009. p. 10. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ "Israel seeks to become wine tourism destination". Globes. 2008-01-17. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.