İbrahim Kaypakkaya

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İbrahim Kaypakkaya
Born1949 (1949)
Karakaya, Alaca, Çorum Province, Turkey[1]
DiedMay 18, 1973(1973-05-18) (aged 23–24)
Diyarbakır, Turkey
Cause of deathTorture
Resting placeKarakaya Cemetery, Çorum
NationalityKurdish
EducationIstanbul University
Years active1967-1973
Political partyCommunist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist
MovementMarxism–Leninism–Maoism
Parent(s)Ali Kaypakkaya (father)
Mediha Kaypakkaya (mother)

İbrahim Kaypakkaya (1949 – May 18, 1973) was a

Diyarbakir Prison four months later.[5]

Life

Ibrahim Kaypakkaya was born in 1949 to a Turkish

Revolutionary Workers and Peasants Party of Turkey. In 1967 he was one of the founders of a local branch of the Federation of Idea Clubs (Turkish: Fikir Kulüpleri Federasyonu).[7] He joined the foundation of the Çapa Idea Club (Turkish: Çapa Fikir Kulübü) in March 1968 and became the President of the club. In November 1968, Kaypakkaya was expelled from the University for preparing a leaflet against the visiting 6th Fleet of the U.S. Navy.[8]

Kaypakkaya, who adopted the view of National Democratic Revolution, worked for the newspaper İşçi Köylü ("Worker-Peasant"). He wrote articles in the magazines

Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist, and carried out activities in the provinces of Tunceli, Malatya, and Gaziantep.[citation needed
]

Kaypakkaya and his comrades interrogated and shot the informer village headman who caused the killing of THKO (Turkish: Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Ordusu; "People's Liberation Army of Turkey") members Sinan Cemgil and his two other comrades by the state forces during a gunfight. Kaypakkaya became a symbol of revolutionary solidarity and camaraderie to his supporters during the period of martial law.[citation needed]

Capture and death

Following the

military memorandum of 1971, the Turkish government cracked down on the Communist movement in Turkey. On 24 January 1973, Kaypakkaya and his allies were attacked by Turkish military forces in the mountains of Tunceli. He was wounded badly, and his comrade Ali Haydar Yıldız died. The military left Kaypakkaya for dead, allowing him to avoid capture. During that winter, severe weather conditions and snow forced him to take shelter in a cave for five days. Thereafter, he left for a village where he asked for assistance from Cafer Atan, a local teacher. Initially, the man allowed Kaypakkaya to take shelter in a room but then locked the door and reported him to the military.[citation needed
]

The Turkish Government persecuted and destroyed the leadership of the TKP/ML. Kaypakkaya, and several of his colleagues were arrested. On 18 May 1973, he was tortured to the brink of death and then shot and killed by military officers at the age of twenty-four. His corpse was mutilated and cut up.[9] The cause of Kaypakkaya's death was ruled as a suicide.[10]

The

National Intelligence Organization (Turkish: Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT) reported that Kaypakkaya was the most dangerous revolutionary in Turkey and a serious threat to the non-communist government.[11]

Aftermath

Cultural legacy

After his death, Kaypakkaya became a martyr for the Turkish Communist revolutionary movement by "choosing to die rather than give information." Despite his young age, he was one of the most prominent

Marxist theorists of Turkey. Kaypakkaya's most well known work is his critique of Kemalism, the state principles of Turkey, and his thesis on the national question, notably the Kurdish question.[14]

Doctrine

His doctrinal views were based on splitting away from the neighboring Soviet Union's ideology and taking up Maoism and supporting the Cultural Revolution. As such, Kaypakkaya's life was heavily shaped by the Sino-Soviet split.[citation needed]

Kaypakkaya also took the position that there is a national question involved with the Kurdish people and that this would be solved by listening to the will of the Kurdish people and seeing if they favoured independence or remaining part of Turkey.[citation needed]

TKP/ML

Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist re-organized between 1973 and 1978. The first party congress took place in 1978 (TKP/ML I. Kongresi in Turkish). In 1981 the second congress was organized (TKP/ML II. Kongresi). The party split following the second congress, the splinter taking up the name

Bolshevik Party (North Kurdistan-Turkey).[citation needed
]

However it was neither the first nor the last split in the party. The

Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (Maoist Party Centre) (1987), and Maoist Communist Party (1994).[citation needed
]

Today the organisation is listed among the 12 active terrorist organisation in Turkey as of 2007 according to Counter-Terrorism and Operations Department of Directorate General for Security (Turkish police).[15]

In culture

Music

  • Grup Munzur - İsyan Ateşi
  • Emekçi - İbrahime Ağıt
  • Ozan Emekçi - Diyarbakır Zindanları
  • İlkay Akkaya - Ibrahim yoldaş
  • Can Cihan - İbo Haydar Zülfikar
  • Ozan Rençber - Gel Gidelim İbo

Films

  • Kırmızı Gül Buz İçinde
  • Sönmeyen Ateş - İbrahim Kaypakkaya

References

  1. ISBN 978-3-11-062771-8
    .
  2. ^ "Who we are". TKP-ML Resmi Internet Sitesi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-04-20.
  3. ^ https://anfenglish.com/rojava-syria/tkp-ml-tikko-claims-action-in-rojava-in-memory-of-kaypakkaya-52151
  4. ^ https://samidoun.net/2019/05/11-may-ludwigshafen-commemoration-of-communist-leader-ibrahim-kaypakkaya/
  5. ^ https://medyanews.net/ibrahim-kaypakkayas-writings-on-marxists-and-the-kurdish-national-question-50-years-after-his-death/
  6. ^ Seyman, Yasar. "Kaypakkaya: Babama söyle ağlamasın!".
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-3-11-062771-8
    .
  8. ^ Korkmaz, E.E. (2021). Turkish Left and Anti-imperialism in the 1970s. In: Ness, I., Cope, Z. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29901-9_276
  9. ^ Haber, Siyasi (2022-05-18). "18 Mayıs 1973: Ser verip sır vermeyen İbrahim Kaypakkaya!". Siyasi Haber (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  10. ^ "İbrahim Kaypakkaya Kimdir? İbrahim Kaypakkaya Kaç Yaşında, Neden Öldü?". Onedio (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-04-09.
  11. ISBN 978-3-11-062771-8
    .
  12. ^ "Korkunç intikam". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 2000-10-24. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  13. ^ "45 yıl sonra saldırıya uğrayan albay; Kızıldere, İbrahim Kaypakkaya ve Necdet Güçlü cinayetlerinde suçlanıyordu!". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  14. ^ https://www.marxists.org/archive/kaypakkaya/works/1972-kurdi.htm
  15. ^ TÜRKİYE'DE HALEN FAALİYETLERİNE DEVAM EDEN BAŞLICA TERÖR ÖRGÜTLERİ: http://www.egm.gov.tr/temuh/terorgrup1.html Archived 2013-01-14 at the Wayback Machine

External links

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