Jose Maria Sison
Jose Maria Sison | |
---|---|
Chairman of the Communist Party of the Philippines | |
In office 1986 – December 16, 2022 | |
Preceded by | Rodolfo Salas |
Succeeded by | Armando Liwanag |
In office December 26, 1968 – 1977[1] | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Rodolfo Salas |
Personal details | |
Born | Jose Maria Canlas Sison February 8, 1939 Cabugao, Ilocos Sur, Commonwealth of the Philippines |
Died | December 16, 2022 Utrecht, Netherlands | (aged 83)
Political party | CPP (1968–2022) |
Other political affiliations | NDF (1973–2022) PKP-1930 (1962–1968) |
Spouse |
Julieta de Lima (m. 1959) |
Children | 4 |
Alma mater | University of the Philippines Diliman (BA) |
Website | www |
Military service | |
Allegiance | New People's Army |
Battles/wars | New People's Army rebellion |
Jose Maria Canlas Sison (Tagalog:
Sison was born in
Since August 2002, Sison has been classified as a "person supporting terrorism" by the United States. The
The CPP, NPA, and the National Democratic Front (NDF) are considered terrorist organizations by the Philippines' Anti-Terrorism Council.[4][5][6][7]
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Early years
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2023) |
Jose Maria Canlas Sison was born on February 8, 1939, in
Sison graduated from the
Communist activities
On December 26, 1968, he formed and led the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), an organization founded on
After this, the old Communist Party sought to eliminate and marginalize Sison. However, the reorganized CPP had a larger base and renewed political line that attracted thousands to join its ranks.[11] On March 29, 1969, the CPP, along with an HMB (Huk) faction led by Bernabe Buscayno, organized the New People's Army (NPA), the guerrilla-military wing of the party, whose guerrilla fronts, numbering more than 110, are nationwide and cover substantial portions of 75 of the 81 Philippine provinces. The NPA seeks to wage a peasant-worker revolutionary war in the countryside against landlords and foreign companies by operating in rural communities and mountains as strategy for protection. [14][15]
Sison was arrested on November 8, 1977,[16] in La Union during the Marcos presidency and imprisoned for almost nine years, most of which were spent in solitary confinement.[17] Sison wrote prolifically while incarcerated, including his Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism: A Primer, which his wife Julie de Lima smuggled out of prison in 1982.[18]
Sison was released from military detention on March 5, 1986, after the overthrow of Marcos. He was released by the new administration of President Corazon Aquino for the sake of "national reconciliation" and for his role in opposing Marcos. The release of Sison was vehemently protested by the military. His experience in prison is described in Prison & Beyond, a book of poetry released in 1986 which won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Philippines.
Sison returned to teach at the University of the Philippines soon after. He then went on a global lecture tour, starting in September 1986. It is reported that upon his release, Sison and his followers actively sought to discredit the Aquino government in the European media by speaking out on Aquino's
In 1989, Sison was cited in journalist Gregg Jones' book Red Revolution as having coordinated the Plaza Miranda bombing in August 1971 based on interviews with members of the CPP and the NPA.[20]
Exile in the Netherlands
Since 1987, Sison had based himself in the Netherlands for his European lecture tour. While in the Netherlands in September 1988, he was informed that his passport had been revoked and that charges had been filed against him under the Anti-Subversion Law of the Philippines. The charges were ultimately dropped, including those that were subsequently filed by Philippine authorities. He applied for political asylum in the Netherlands in 1988 after his Philippine passport was cancelled by the Philippine government. His application was ultimately denied, however Dutch and European law protected him from deportation to the Philippines.[21][22][23] Since 1992, he has lived in the Netherlands as a recognized political refugee.
The CPP has stated for over 20 years that Sison is no longer involved in operational decisions and has served from Europe in an advisory role as chief political consultant of the National Democratic Front in peace negotiations with the Manila government.
2007 arrest
The International Crime Investigation Team of the Dutch National Criminal Investigation Department arrested Jose Maria Sison in
Some 100 left-wing activists held a demonstration for the release of Sison, marching towards the Dutch embassy in Manila on August 30, 2007. The demonstration was swiftly ended by police.[25][26]
There were no plans to hold the trial in the Philippines since there was no extradition request and the crimes Sison was accused of were committed in the Netherlands. Dutch lawyer Victor Koppe said that Sison would enter a plea of not guilty during his indictment. He could have received the maximum penalty of life imprisonment.
On September 1, 2007,
In New York City, former United States Attorney General and left-wing human rights lawyer Ramsey Clark called for Sison's release and pledged assistance by joining the latter's legal defense team headed by Belgian lawyer Jan Fermon. Clark doubted Dutch authorities' validity and competency, since the murder charges originated in the Philippines and had already been dismissed by the country's Supreme Court.[28]
Committee DEFEND, an International group stated that the Dutch government
On September 7, 2007, the Dutch court heard defense arguments for Sison, and stated that it would issue the
The National Lawyers Guild (NLG), a progressive bar association in New York then headed by Marjorie Cohn, denounced the arrest of Sison, saying "it exposes the hand of the Arroyo administration in yet another assault on the rights of the people to dissent and organize".[32] Sison will remain in jail until Thursday, but was provided TV, radio and medication.[33]
On September 12, 2007, lawyers Edre Olalia and Rachel Pastores stated that Sison's lawyers will appeal the reported Dutch court's newly promulgated
The Dutch court did not extend the detention for 90 days but released him on September 13, 2007, after being held in solitary confinement for 17 days.Release from detention
Dutch public prosecutor's office's Wim de Bruin stated that Sison was released from jail at 10:45 a.m. on September 13, 2007. The court ruled that there was insufficient evidence to detain him on murder charges, specifically, if Sison "had a Concious [sic] and close cooperation with those in the Philippines who carried out the deed".[35][36]
On September 27, 2007, Sison appeared before
On September 28, 2007, the Dutch Ambassador to the
On October 3, 2007, the Dutch court dismissed the prosecution's appeal against the release Sison, confirming his freedom while the Dutch police continue to investigate: "the prosecution file lacks enough concrete clues that Sison can be directly linked to the assassinations which is needed to prosecute him as a perpetrator". However, the decision does not bar prosecution for murder.[39] But the Dutch Public Prosecutor's Office (per spokesman Wim de Bruin) stated that it did not drop the charges against Sison yet, who remains a suspect. De Bruin said: "No, you have to separate the criminal investigation by the police from the investigation by the examining judge in The Hague. So the judge decided to finish the investigation but the police investigation will be continued and that means that Mr. Sison is still a suspect."[40]
The Dutch court, the Dutch court on May 20, 2008, heard Sison's appeal against the Dutch Public Prosecutors Office's request to extend its investigation until December, since the investigators arrived in the Philippines in February and interviewed witnesses. At the trial, however, the new evidence showed that there were indeed attempts to kill him, in 1999 and 2000, while Kintanar's wife, Joy, directly accused Edwin Garcia in the murder of her husband.[41] The Dutch court scheduled the promulgation on the verdict on June 10, 2008.[42]
The Dutch District Court of The Hague on June 5, 2008, decided in camera "that the Public Prosecution Service may continue the prosecution of Jose Maria Sison for involvement in, among other matters, a number of murders committed in the Philippines in 2003 and 2004; that while the prosecution's case file still held insufficient evidence, the investigation was ongoing and should be given time to unfold".[43] In February 2010, the Dutch Public Prosecution Service finally terminated its investigation of Sison and dropped the criminal charges against him.
Personal life
Sison met his wife, Julie de Lima, when both were students at
His wife belongs to the prominent De Lima family of
He was the chairperson of the
Later life and death
In 2017, President
Controversies
Former Senator
On July 4, 2008,
The European Union's second highest court ruled to delist Sison and the Stichting Al-Aqsa group from the EU terror list since the 27-nation bloc failed to respect their rights when blacklisted. The Luxembourg-based Court of Justice further reversed a decision by member governments to freeze the assets of Sison and the Netherlands-based Al-Aqsa Foundation, since the EU governments failed to inform them why the assets were frozen. Dekker said that EU lawyers in Brussels can lodge any appeal.[2][3] The EU was also ordered to shoulder all the litigation expenses during the five-year appeal of Sison against the Dutch government and the EU.[60] The final judgment of the European Court of Justice to remove Sison from the EU terrorist blacklist on September 30, 2009, became final and binding on December 10, 2009, inasmuch as the EU did not make an appeal. The court's decisions and other documents pertaining to cases involving Sison in the Philippines are compiled under the section of Legal Cases in www.josemariasison.org and can be further verified in the archives of the pertinent courts.
Legacy
Two biographies have been written about him: one by the German writer Dr. Rainer Werning: The Philippine Revolution: From the Leader's View Point (1989), and one by the Filipina novelist Ninotchka Rosca, At Home in the World (2004). Two major biopics of Sison as the founder of Kabataang Makabayan (titled Tibak) and the Communist Party of the Philippines (titled The Guerrilla Is a Poet) have been produced by major film makers in the Philippines.
Works
Selected writings 1968–1991
- 2013. 1968-1972 Foundation for Resuming the Philippine Revolution. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 2013. 1969-1974 Defeating Revisionism, Reformism & and Opportunism. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 2013. 1972-1977 Building Strength through Struggle. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 2013. 1977-1986 Detention and Defiance against Dictatorship. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 2015. 1986-1991 Continuing the Struggle for National & Social Liberation. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
Selected writings 1991–2009
- 2009. 1991-1994 For Justice, Socialism and Peace. klat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 2009. 1995-2001 For Democracy and Socialism Against Imperialist Globalization. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 2009. 2001-2006 Crisis of Imperialism and People's Resistance. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 2009. 2006-2009 People's Struggle Against Imperialist Plunder and Terror. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
Peoples' struggles against oppression and exploitation: selected writings 2009–2015
- 2015. 2009-2010 Crisis Generates Resistance. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2016. 2010-2011 Building People's Power. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2017. 2012 Combat Neoliberal Globalization. International Network for Philippine Studies[61]
- 2018. 2013 Struggle against Imperialist Plunder and Wars. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2018. 2014-2015 Strengthen the People's Struggle against Imperialism and Reaction. International Network for Philippine Studies
Selected writings 2016–2021
- 2018. 2016 People's Resistance to Greed and Terror. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2019. 2017 Combat Tyranny and Fascism. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2019. January–July 2018 Struggle against Terrorism and Tyranny Volume I. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2019. August–December 2018 Struggle against Terrorism and Tyranny Volume II. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2021. 2019 Resist Neoliberalism, Fascism, and Wars of Aggression. International Network for Philippine Studies
Other works
- 2020. Basic Principles of Marxism–Leninism: A Primer. Reprint. Paris, Foreign Languages Press[62]
- 2019. Reflections on Revolution and Prospects. International Network for Philippine Studies
- 2017. Specific Characteristics of our People's War. Reprint. Paris, Foreign Languages Press[63]
- 2003. US Terrorism and War in the Philippines. Netherlands, Papieren Tijger
- 1998. Philippine Economy and Politics. Co-authored by Julieta de Lima. Philippines, Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
- 1989. The Philippine Revolution : The Leader's View. With Rainer Werning. New York : Crane Russak.
- 1984. Prison and Beyond: Selected Poems, 1958–1983. Quezon City: Free Jose Maria Sison Committee.
- 1971. Philippine Society and Revolution. As Amado Guerrero. Manila: Pulang Tala.
- 1967. Struggle for National Democracy. Quezon City, Progressive Publications
References
- ^ "Communist Party of the Philippines–New People's Army". Mapping Militants. Center for International Security and Cooperation. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- ^ a b IHT, EU court overturns decision to freeze assets of exiled Philippine rebel, Palestinian group, nytimes.com.
- ^ a b JAVNO, EU Court Overturns Two EU Terrorist Listings Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, dalje.com.
- ^ "Groups urges Dutch gov't anew to stop coddling terrorist Joma". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- ^ "Hand over Joma Sison to PH, groups tell Dutch gov't". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- ^ Mateo, Janvic. "Twitter suspends Joma, CPP-linked accounts". Philstar.com. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- ^ "PH seeks terrorist tag for Joma Sison, 648 others". RAPPLER. March 9, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- ^ Genealogist, Filipino. "10 Facts About Jose Maria "JOMA" Sison's Genealogy". Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ^ "Jose Maria Sison". Angkang Pilipino. December 16, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ^ "Kinship and encounters with FVR". Jose Maria Sison. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ a b https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/viewFile/301/287 [bare URL]
- ^ Guidote, Caridad. The Intellectuals and the Problems of Development in the Philippines. 1973.
- ^ Amado Guerrero (1970). Philippine Society and Revolution. Revolutionary School of Mao Tsetung Thought.
- ^ "The Huks And The New People's Army: Comparing Two Postwar Filipino Insurgencies". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ^ University, © Stanford; Stanford; California 94305. "MMP: Communist Party of the Philippines - New People's Army". cisac.fsi.stanford.edu. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "The World", Los Angeles Times, November 17, 1977, p.I-2
- ^ Sison, Jose Maria (2020). Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism: a Primer (PDF) (6th ed.). Foreign Languages Press. p. 6.
- ^ Sison, Jose Maria (2020). Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism: a Primer (PDF) (6th ed.). Foreign Languages Press. p. 7.
- ^ Mydans, S. (December 19, 2022), "Jose Maria Sison, Philippine Communist Party Founder, Dies at 83", New York Times, retrieved December 19, 2022
- ^ Cseas Departmental (March 5, 2021). Three Grenades in August: Fifty Years since the Bombing of Plaza Miranda in the Philippines. Event occurs at 26:01. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
- ^ "Afgewezen Filippijnse vluchteling wacht in Manila 'warm onthaal'" [Rejected Filipino refugee awaits 'warm welcome' in Manila]. Trouw (in Dutch). April 2, 1993. Archived from the original on September 6, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- ^ Verbeek (February 21, 1995). "Raad van State afd. bestuursrechtspraak: Hernieuwde afwijzing, na eerdere vernietiging door de Afdeling rechtspraak, van verzoek toelating als vluchteling en verlening verblijfsvergunning aan J.M. Sison, voorzitter van de Communistische Partij van de Filipijnen" [Council of State, Administrative Jurisdiction Division: Rejection, after previous annulment by the Judiciary Division, of application for admission as a refugee and grant of residence permit to J.M. Sison, president of the Communist Party of the Philippines.]. Nederlands Juristenblad (in Dutch). 70 (13): 160–161. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- ^ "Judgment Of The Court Of First Instance (Seventh Chamber) in Case T-341/07". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
It is also misleading for the applicant to claim that he has been recognised as a refugee by the Raad van State and the Rechtbank. In fact, the applicant has never been granted refugee status or a residence permit in the Netherlands, as was confirmed by the Rechtbank.
- ^ "Philippine Communist Leader Apprehended to Face a Murder Charge" (Press release). Public Prosecution Service (Openbaar Ministerie). August 28, 2007. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2007.
- ^ "Police clash with activists protesting arrest of Philippine communist leader". International Herald Tribune. The Associated Press. August 30, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
- NOS News (in Dutch). Nederlandse Omroep Stichting. August 30, 2007. Archived from the originalon September 30, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
- ^ "No medicine, media for Joma; NDF chair scores Dutch gov't". GMA News Online. September 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ Inquirer.net, Ex-US attorney general calls for Joma release Archived September 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Abs-Cbn Interactive, Int'l group says Dutch govt torturing Joma Archived February 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Joma's lawyers to zero in on jurisdiction issue". GMA News Online. September 3, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ IHT, Dutch court hears arguments for release of Philippines communist leader accused of murder
- ^ Inquirer.net, U.S. lawyers denounce Sison arrest, detention Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Inquirer.net, Sison to remain in jail until Thursday next week—Bayan Archived September 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Dutch court orders Joma detained another 90 days". GMA News Online. September 12, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ Abs-Cbn Interactive, Dutch govt frees Joma[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Live-PR.com". Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ Manila Bulletin, Dutch judiciary officials to check evidence vs Joma[permanent dead link]
- ^ "CPP: Hong Kong lawmaker to drum up support for Joma". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ Afp.google.com, Dutch court upholds order to release Philippine communist leader Archived October 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Abs-cbn Interactive, Dutch prosecutor not dropping charges vs Joma[permanent dead link]
- ^ Abs-Cbn Interactive, Sison claims govt agents tried to kill him[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Communist leader Sison asks Dutch court to drop case - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ abs-cbnnews.com, Dutch court allows prosecution anew of Joma Sison[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Jose Maria Sison in the dead end". Archived from the original on January 19, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ ABS-CBN News (July 30, 2009). "De Lima: So what if I'm Joma's kin?". Retrieved May 1, 2016.
- ^ "Office of the Chairperson". ILPS. Archived from the original on March 22, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
- ^ GMA News (July 24, 2017). "Joma Sison has colon cancer". Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ Dizon, Nikko (July 24, 2017). "Joma Sison on colon cancer: It's just in Duterte's mind". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- NTF-ELCAC.
- ^ "Joma denies rumors of death". The Philippine Star. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ "Communist Party of the Philippines website". Philippine Revolution Web Info. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ "CPP founder Joma Sison dies at 83". CNN Philippines. December 17, 2022. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Gregorio, Xave (December 17, 2022). "CPP founder Joma Sison dies, 83". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Jr, Delfin T. Mallari (December 20, 2022). "Joma Sison died of heart failure, says NDFP exec". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved December 20, 2022.
- ^ "Bulatlat.com". www.bulatlat.com. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ^ https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1181685 [bare URL]
- ^ Inquirer, Philippine Daily (September 27, 2012). "Admit role in Quiapo bombing, CPP dared". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ^ "Purging case vs Sison, Jalandoni, Ocampo moved to Manila - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
- ^ abs-cbnnews, Manila court set to try multiple murder case vs Joma, Satur[permanent dead link]
- ^ ABS-CBN Interactive, JAVNO, EU told to pay for Sison's 5-yr legal fees Archived July 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Combat Neoliberal Globalization". July 26, 2017.
- ^ "Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism: A Primer - Jose Maria Sison".
- ^ "Specific Characteristics of our People's War - Jose Maria Sison".
Further reading
- Jones, G. R. (1989). Red Revolution: Inside The Philippine Guerrilla Movement. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-0644-5.
- Rosca, Ninotchka (2004). Jose Maria Sison: At Home in the World. Open Hand Publishing.