1259

Calendar year

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades:	1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s
Years:	1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262

1259 by topic
Leaders
Political entities State leaders Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1259 in poetry
v t e

1259 in various

Minguo calendar

653 before ROC 民前653年
Nanakshahi calendar	−209
Thai solar calendar	1801–1802
Tibetan calendar	阳土马年 (male Earth-Horse) 1385 or 1004 or 232     — to — 阴土羊年 (female Earth-Goat) 1386 or 1005 or 233

Year 1259 (MCCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar

• September – Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.^[1][2]
• December 4 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy), in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.^[3]
• The famous frescoes of the Boyana Church in Bulgaria are completed (the church and its murals are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).^[4]
• The German cities of Lübeck, Wismar, and Rostock enter into a pact to defend against pirates of the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Hanseatic League.^[5]
• Nogai Khan leads the second Mongol Golden Horde attack against Lithuania, and Poland.^[6]
• Epirote–Nicaean conflict.^[7]

Asia

• Great Khan, Möngke Khan, dies in the nearby hills. Persian, Chinese, and Mongol records have different accounts of how he died, including succumbing to an arrow wound received by a Chinese archer in the siege, dysentery, and even a cholera epidemic. His death sparks a succession crisis in the Mongol Empire, while his brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai soon convene their own kurultai to elect themselves as the next Khan of Khans, opening the path to a four–year-long Toluid Civil War from 1260 to 1264. In the end, Ariq Böke surrenders to Kublai.^[8][9]
• While engaged in a war with the Mongols, the Song Chinese official Li Zengbo writes in his Kozhai Zagao, Xugaohou that the city of
  Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty thousand such bombs at a time.^[10]
• Lannathai, a kingdom in the north of Thailand, is founded by King Mangrai.^[11][12]
• The Goryeo Kingdom in Korea surrenders to invading Mongol forces.^[13]
• The
  Song Dynasty of China.^[14]
• The Japanese
  Shōka era ends, and the Shōgen era begins.^[15][16]

• Urraca of Castile (d. 1321)^[17][18]
• March 25 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1332)^[19]
• Pietro Cavallini, Italian painter (d. 1330)^[20][21]
• Demetre II of Georgia (d. 1289)^[22][23]
• Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (d. 1326)^[24]

Deaths

• January – Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne, ruler of Boulogne, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1202)^[25]
• February 7 – Thomas, Count of Flanders^[26][27]
• May 29 – King Christopher I of Denmark (b. 1219)^[28][29]
• July 21 – Gojong of Goryeo^[30]
• August 11 – Möngke Khan of the Mongol Empire^[8]
• October 7 – Ezzelino III da Romano, Italian ruler^[31]
• November 18 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologian^[32][33]
• date unknown – Matthew Paris, English chronicler^[34]

References