1945 Michigan Wolverines football team
| 1945 Michigan Wolverines football | |
|---|---|
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Ranking | |
| AP | No. 6 |
| Record | 7–3 (5–1 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |
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| Offensive scheme | Single-wing |
| MVP | Harold Watts |
| Captain | Joseph Ponsetto |
| Home stadium | Michigan Stadium |
| Conf | Overall | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Team | W | L | T | W | L | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 4 Indiana $ | 5 | – | 0 | – | 1 | 9 | – | 0 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 6 Michigan | 5 | – | 1 | – | 0 | 7 | – | 3 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 12 Ohio State | 5 | – | 2 | – | 0 | 7 | – | 2 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northwestern | 3 | – | 3 | – | 1 | 4 | – | 4 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purdue | 3 | – | 3 | – | 0 | 7 | – | 3 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | 2 | – | 3 | – | 1 | 3 | – | 4 | – | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Illinois | 1 | – | 4 | – | 1 | 2 | – | 6 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minnesota | 1 | – | 5 | – | 0 | 4 | – | 5 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iowa | 1 | – | 5 | – | 0 | 2 | – | 7 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AP Poll
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The 1945 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the
Michigan's three losses during the 1945 season came against teams ranked in the top four in the final AP Poll: #1
Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 15 | Great Lakes Navy* | W 27–2 | 26,076 | ||
| September 22 | Indiana |
| L 7–13 | 27,536 | |
| September 29 | Michigan State* |
| W 40–0 | 37,694 | |
| October 6 | at rivalry ) | W 20–7 | 32,772 | ||
| October 13 | vs. No. 1 Army* | No. 9 | L 7–28 | 62,878 | |
| October 27 | at Memorial Stadium ) | W 19–0 | 54,085 | ||
| November 3 | No. 16 Minnesota | No. 10 |
| W 26–0 | 84,472 |
| November 10 | at No. 4 Municipal Stadium | L 7–33 | 56,880 | ||
| November 17 | No. 11 Purdue | No. T–14 |
| W 27–13 | 48,528 |
| November 24 | No. 7 Ohio State | No. 8 |
| W 7–3 | 85,200 |
| |||||
Rankings
| Week | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
AP | 9 (1) | 13 | 16 | 10 | 7 | 14т | 8 | 7 | 6 |
Season summary
Pre-season
The
- End Bruce Hilkene, who started nine games in 1944 and had been voted by his teammates to serve as captain of the 1945 team, was transferred in February 1945 for military duty elsewhere.[2] Hilkene named Ponsetto to serve as team captain in his absence.[3]
- Fullback Bob Wiese, Michigan's leading scorer in 1944, was called into the military in November 1944.[4]
- Tackle Milan Lazetich, a second-team All-American in 1944, graduated and played in the National Football League in 1945.[5]
- Guard Quentin Sickels, who started all 10 games for Michigan in 1944, joined the U.S. Coast Guard in December 1944.[6]
- Halfback Gene Derricotte, who started nine games for Michigan in 1944, was drafted into the military in December 1944.[7]
- Fullback Don Lund, who was selected as the Wolverines' Most Valuable Player in 1944, graduated and played in Major League Baseball in 1945.[8]
- Halfback Bob Nussbaumer, who started seven games for Michigan in 1944, missed the start of the 1945 season due to service in the Marine Corps, but was discharged in September 1945 and rejoined the team for the second game of the 1945 season.[9]
- End Art Renner, who started nine games for Michigan in 1944, also missed the start of the 1945 season due to wartime service in the Marine Corps, but he was discharged in time for the fourth game of the 1945 season.[10]
Despite the many personnel changes, head coach Fritz Crisler in late June 1945 predicted a "flying start" for the 1945 team.[11] In July and the first half of August 1945, Michigan conducted a six-week summer practice,[3][12] with 97 candidates participating.[13] The Associated Press (AP) praised the play of halfback Wally Teninga and fullback Dan Dworsky in a public scrimmage held on August 11, 1945, but expressed concern about mistakes made by the defense. The AP observed: "While most candidates showed a definite lack of college caliber experience, sideline observers agreed that there is plenty of reason to anticipate a good Michigan team by the time the season opener rolls around."[12]
On August 15, 1945, the United States celebrated Victory over Japan Day, marking the end of hostilities in World War II. Less than two weeks later, on August 27, 1945, after a two-week break following summer practice, Michigan began fall drills in Ann Arbor.[14][15][16] During a scrimmage in early September, end Ed Bahlow, a Navy training veteran who had played for Wisconsin in 1943 and was considered Michigan's best end prospect since Ed Frutig,[13] sustained a broken leg, just above his right ankle, in a collision with Dan Dworsky and was lost to the team for the season.[17]
During the first week of September 1945, shortly after his discharge from the military, Tom Harmon, an All-American at Michigan in 1939 and 1940, turned down an offer to play with the Chicago Bears and signed with radio station WJR to broadcast accounts of Michigan football games.[18]
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On September 15, 1945, Michigan played a
Michigan's starting lineup against Great Lakes Naval was Donovan Hershberger (left end), George Johnson (left tackle),
Week 2: Indiana
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On September 22, 1945, Michigan played an
Michigan's starting lineup against Indiana was Donovan Hershberger (left end), George Johnson (left tackle),
Week 3: Michigan State
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On September 29, 1945, Michigan defeated
Michigan's starting lineup against Michigan State was Hershberger (left end), George Johnson (left tackle), John Smith (left guard),
Week 4: at Northwestern
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On October 6, 1945, Michigan defeated
Michigan's starting lineup against Northwestern was
Week 5: vs. Army
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On October 13, 1945, Michigan lost to the eventual national champion
Outmanned by Army, Crisler unveiled a platoon system in which separate groups played offense and defense.[24][25] According to one account, Crisler developed the two-platoon system "in a bout of desperation." Crisler later recalled, "I reported the plan to the players and told them we might have a lot of fun. At the end of three periods we were tied 7–7 and I knew it couldn't last. I knew sooner or later Army would overpower us. And that's what happened. We lost 28 to 7—but we had a lot of fun."[26]
Michigan's starting lineup against Army was Donovan Hershberger (left end), George Johnson (left tackle),
Week 6: at Illinois
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On October 27, 1945, Michigan defeated Illinois by a 19 to 0 score. Michigan's touchdowns were all scored in the fourth quarter by William Ford, Jr. (16-yard return of a blocked punt, block by Ed McNeill and Joe Soboleski), Wally Teninga (10-yard run), and Art Renner (short pass from Teninga). Bob Callahan kicked one of three points after touchdown. Michigan out-gained Illinois on the ground, 177 rushing yards to 46.[27]
Michigan's starting lineup against Illinois was Donovan Hershberger (left end), George Johnson (left tackle),
Week 7: Minnesota
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On November 3, 1945, Michigan defeated
Michigan's starting lineup against Minnesota was Donovan Hershberger (left end), George Johnson (left tackle), Dominic Tomasi (left guard), Harold Watts (center), F. Stuart Wilkins (right guard), Eugene Hinton (right tackle), Art Renner (right end), Yerges (quarterback), Teninga (left halfback), Bob Nussbaumer (right halfback), and Weisenburger (fullback).[28]
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On November 10, 1945, Michigan lost to a #4-ranked
Michigan's starting lineup against Navy was Donovan Hershberger (left end), George Johnson (left tackle), Dominic Tomasi (left guard), Harold Watts (center), F. Stuart Wilkins (right guard), Eugene Hinton (right tackle), Art Renner (right end), Dan Dworsky (quarterback), Wally Teninga (left halfback), Bob Nussbaumer (right halfback), and Weisenburger (fullback).[29]
Week 9: Purdue
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On November 17, 1945, Michigan defeated Purdue by a 27 to 13 score. Halfback Bob Nussbaumer scored two touchdowns, and additional touchdowns were scored by Pete Elliott and Art Renner. George Chiames kicked three points after touchdown.[30]
Michigan's starting lineup against Purdue was Ed McNeill (left end), George Johnson (left tackle), Dominic Tomasi (left guard), Tony Momsen (center), F. Stuart Wilkins (right guard), Eugene Hinton (right tackle), Art Renner (right end), Dan Dworsky (quarterback), Pete Elliott (left halfback), Bob Nussbaumer (right halfback), and Jack Weisenburger (fullback).[30]
Week 10: Ohio State
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On November 24, 1945, Michigan defeated Ohio State by a 7 to 3 score. After a scoreless first half, Ohio State took a 3–0 lead in the third quarter on a field goal by Max Schnittker. With 6 minutes and 45 seconds remaining, Henry Fonde scored a touchdown on a short run, and George Chiames kicked the point after touchdown.[31]
Michigan's starting lineup against Purdue was Ed McNeill (left end), George Johnson (left tackle), Dominic Tomasi (left guard), Tony Momsen (center), F. Stuart Wilkins (right guard), Eugene Hinton (right tackle), Art Renner (right end), Howard Yerges (quarterback), Pete Elliott (left halfback), Bob Nussbaumer (right halfback), and Jack Weisenburger (fullback).[31]
Scoring summary
| Player | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Wally Teninga | 5 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| Dan Dworsky | 3 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Bob Nussbaumer | 3 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Art Renner | 3 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| Pete Elliott | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| Ed McNeill | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| Jack Weisenburger | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| Howard Yerges | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
Joe Ponsetto |
0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Warren Bentz | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| James Foltz | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Henry Fonde | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| William Ford, Jr. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Donovan Hershberger | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Wesley Muelder | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Bob Callahan | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| George Chiames | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Totals | 28 | 19 | 0 | 187 |
Post-season
The Associated Press released the results of its final poll on December 4, 1945. The 1945 Army Cadets football team, which defeated Michigan at Yankee Stadium earlier in the season, was selected as the national champion with 1,160 points and first-place votes by 115 of 116 voters. Two other Michigan opponents, Navy (#3) and Indiana (#4) finished among the top four teams in the final AP Poll with 941 and 720 points respectively. With its three losses coming to three of the top four teams, Michigan was ranked #6 in the final poll with 378 points.[32]
No member of Michigan's 1945 football team was selected as a first-team honoree on the
Players
Varsity letter winners
The following 29 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1945 Michigan football team.[37] For players who were starters, the list also includes the number of games started by position.[1] Players who started at least five games are displayed in bold.[1]
- Warren W. Bentz – started 1 game at right halfback
- St. Louis, Missouri
- George J. Chiames, fullback, Freeport, Illinois
- Robert Derleth, tackle, Marquette, Michigan
- Dan Dworsky, fullback, Sioux Falls, South Dakota – started 5 games at fullback, 2 games at quarterback
- Pete Elliott, halfback, Bloomington, Illinois – started 2 games at left halfback
- James H. Foltz, fullback, Toledo, Ohio
- Henry Fonde, halfback, Knoxville, Tennessee – started 2 games at right halfback
- Len Ford, end, Washington, D.C.
- Cecil Freihofer, guard, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Donovan P. Hershberger, end, Freeport, Illinois[38] – started 7 games at left end, 1 game at right end
- Gene Hinton, tackle, Drumright, Oklahoma – started 10 games at right tackle
- George H. Johnson, tackle, Columbus, Ohio – started 10 games at left tackle
- John F. Lintol, guard, Detroit, Michigan[39] – started 2 games at right guard
- Edward D. McNeill, end, Toledo, Ohio[40] – started 3 games at left end, 2 games at right end
- Tony Momsen, center, Toledo, Ohio – 2 games at center
- Wesley W. Muelder, halfback, Colfax, Illinois
- Bob Nussbaumer, halfback, Oak Park, Illinois – started 7 games at right halfback
- Joe Ponsetto, quarterback, Flint, Michigan– started 6 games at quarterback
- Michael Prashaw, tackle, Massena, New York
- Art Renner, end, Sturgis, Michigan – started 7 games at right end
- John E. Smith, guard, Muncie, Indiana – started 1 game at left guard
- Joe Soboleski, guard, Grand Rapids, Michigan – guard
- Wally Teninga, halfback, Chicago, Illinois – started 7 games at left halfback
- Dominic Tomasi, guard, Flint, Michigan – started 9 games at left guard
- Harold Watts, center, Birmingham, Michigan – started 8 games at center
- Jack Weisenburger, halfback, Muskegon Heights, Michigan – started 5 games at fullback, 1 game at left halfback
- F. Stuart Wilkins, guard, Canton, Ohio – started 8 games at right guard
- Howard Yerges, quarterback, Point Pleasant, West Virginia – started 2 games at quarterback
Non-varsity letter winners
The following players appeared on the roster of the 1945 Michigan football team but did not receive varsity letters.[37]
- Earl C. Albright, halfback, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- James M. Artley, quarterback, Savannah, Georgia
- Louis A. Brunstig, Jr., end, Rochester, Minnesota
- Horace Coleman, halfback, Hamtramck, Michigan
- William F. Crockett, Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii
- Richard M. Davis, fullback, Downers Grove, Illinois
- Howard R. Doty, quarterback, Downers Grove, Illinois
- Edward Grenkoski, end, Saginaw, Michigan
- George Hutter, quarterback, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
- C. Robert Johnson, tackle, Dearborn, Michigan
- Russell L. Kavanaugh, center, Detroit, Michigan
- Stanley J. Kuick, end, Midland, Michigan
- Frank Nakamura, guard, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- John A. Ott, halfback, Traverse City, Michigan
- William Pratt, tackle, Traverse City, Michigan
- Russell Reader, halfback, Dearborn, Michigan
- William A. Redmond, quarterback, Kalamazoo, Michigan
- Don Robinson, halfback, Detroit, Michigan
- Reginald G. Sauls, halfback, Detroit, Michigan
- Philip Stangle, tackle, St. Cloud, Minnesota
- Robert L. Swanson, center, Lansing, Michigan
- Robert Wahl, tackle, Oak Park, Illinois
- John Weyers, guard, Page, North Dakota
- Dennis Youngblood, end, Rochester, Michigan
Awards and honors
- Captain: Joseph Ponsetto[1]
- All-Conference: Harold Watts[34][35]
- Most Valuable Player: Harold Watts[1][36]
NFL and AAFC drafts
The following 15 players from the 1945 Michigan football team were drafted to play in either the National Football League (NFL) or the All-America Football Conference (AAFC):
- Chicago Cardinals with the 289th pick in the 1947 NFL draft.[41] He played for the Buffalo Bills in 1948.[42]
- 1947 AAFC Draft,[43] and by the Detroit Lions with the 29th pick in the 1944 NFL draft. He played for the Lions in 1947.[44]
- Dan Dworsky: Dworsky was drafted by the Los Angeles Dons with the fifth pick in the AAFC's secret draft held in July 1948,[45] and by the Green Bay Packers with the 15th pick in the 1949 NFL draft.[46] He played for the Dons in 1949.[47]
- Chicago Hornets with the third pick in the AAFC's secret draft held in July 1948,[48] and by the Detroit Lions with the 127th pick in the 1948 NFL draft.[49] He opted instead to pursue a career in coaching starting in 1949 as an assistant coach at Oregon State and later serving as a head coach at Nebraska, California, Illinois, and Miami. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1994.[50]
- 1948 AAFC Draft.[45] He played 11 years in the NFL from 1948 to 1958 and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1976.[51]
- Ed McNeill: McNeill was drafted by the
- Tony Momsen: Momsen was selected by the Los Angeles Rams with the 59th pick in the 1951 NFL draft, and played in the NFL during the 1951 and 1952 seasons.[52]
- Bob Nussbaumer: Nussbaumer was selected by the Green Bay Packers with the 21st pick in the 1946 NFL draft and played in the NFL from 1946 to 1951.[53]
- Joe Ponsetto: Ponsetto was selected by the Pittsburgh Pirates with the 63rd pick in the 1946 NFL Draft.[54]
- Mike Prashaw: Prashaw was selected by the Washington Redskins with the 159th pick in the 1946 NFL Draft.[54]
- Art Renner: Renner was selected by the Green Bay Packers with the 56th pick in the 1946 NFL Draft.[54]
- 1949 AAFC Draft,[48] and by the New York Giants with the 86th pick in the 1949 NFL Draft.[46] He played professional football in the AAFC and NFL for four years from 1949 to 1952.[55]
- Wally Teninga: Teninga was selected by the New York Giants with the 166th pick of the 1949 NFL Draft.[46]
- Robert Wahl: Wahl was selected by the Chicago Bears with the 159th pick in the 1949 NFL Draft.[46]
- 1948 AAFC Draft.[45]
Coaching staff
- Head coach: Fritz Crisler[1]
- Assistant coaches
- Backfield coach: Earl Martineau[56][57]
- Line coach:
- Ends coach: Bennie Oosterbaan[56][57]
- Reserves coach: Arthur Valpey[56][57][58]
- Freshmen coach: Wally Weber[59]
- Other assistant coaches: William Barclay (asst. coach for basketball and football teams), Ray Fisher (head baseball coach and asst. football coach), Ernest McCoy[1]
- Trainer: Ray Roberts[1]
- Manager: Donald MacMullan, John Tishman, Leonard Budzen (assistant), Robert Keselring (assistant)[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "1945 Football Team". Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Milan Lazetich NFL Football Statistics". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC.
- ^ "Quentin Sickels Leaves U. To Serve With Coast Guard". The News-Palladium. December 27, 1944.
- Chicago Defender. February 24, 1945. p. 7.
- ^ "Don Lund Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com.
- Newspapers.com.
- Newspapers.com.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- Newspapers.com.(indicating that camp opened on Monday, August 27)
- ^ "Crisler Accents Offense As Wolves Start Drills". The News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, Michigan. August 29, 1945. p. 6.
- Newspapers.com. (indicating practice started August 27)
- Newspapers.com.
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- ^ a b Wilfrid Smith (September 16, 1945). "Teninga Stars In Michigan's 27–2 Victory Over Great Lakes". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b Wilfrid Smith (September 23, 1945). "Indiana Whips Wolverines on Passes, 13 to 7: Thwarts Rally in Closing Minutes". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b Harry Warren (September 30, 1945). "Michigan Powerhouse Rolls Over Michigan State, 40 to 0". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b c Arch Ward (October 7, 1945). "Michigan Whips N.U., 20–7: Power Plays Bring Victory to Wolverines". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b c Wilfrid Smith (October 14, 1945). "Army Whips Michigan, 28 to 7". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ "Football Platoon System Originator Fritz Crisler Dies". Tyrone Daily Herald (UPI story). August 21, 1982.
- ^ "Fritz Crisler". College Football Hall of Fame. Football Foundation. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
- ^ James David Dickson (July 14, 2010). "The Innovator: How U-M coach Fritz Crisler and World War II created modern football". Michigan Today. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013.
- ^ a b c Wilfrid Smith (October 28, 1945). "Wolverines Break Loose in 4th Quarter to Whip Illinois, 19–0". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b c Edward Burns (November 4, 1945). "Michigan Crushes Minnesota, 26 to 0; Scores 3 Times in 4th". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b c Edward Burns (November 11, 1945). "Navy Whips Michigan, 33–7: Middies Put on Show for 59,114 Crowd". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b Irving Vaughan (November 18, 1945). "Boilermakers' Title Chances Erased By Wolverines' Passes". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
- ^ a b c Wilfrid Smith (November 18, 1945). "85,132 Watch Wolverines Beat Ohio, 7–3". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
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- ^ Walter Johns (December 5, 1945). "Army Given Three Places on Captains' All-American". The Wisconsin State Journal.
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- ^ a b "University of Michigan Football Rosters: 1945". Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. Archived from the original on September 1, 2010.
- ^ Donovan P. Hershberger, born August 26, 1927, died June 24, 2002, SSN issued Illinois, last address Cincinnati, Ohio
- ^ John Lintol, born December 21, 1924, died September 1973, SSN issued Michigan
- ^ Edward D. McNeill, born October 13, 1927, died September 7, 1999, SSN issued Ohio, last address Swanton, Ohio
- ^ "1947 NFL Draft". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ "Bob Callahan". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ "1947 AAFC Draft". The Pro Football Archive. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ "Robert Derleth". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c "1948 AAFC Draft". The Pro Football Archive. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "1949 NFL Draft". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ "Dan Dworsky". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c "1949 AAFC Draft". The Pro Football Archive. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ a b "1948 NFL Draft". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ Pete Elliott at the College Football Hall of Fame
- ^ "Len Ford". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ "Tony Momsen". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ "Bob Nussbaumer". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c "1946 NFL Draft". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ "Joe Soboleski". pro-football-reference.com.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
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