1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum

Puerto Rican nationalists question the meaning of the referendum, complaining that the only alternative offered was direct U.S. rule, and no choice of independence was offered. In 1980, the Supreme Court of the United States adjudicated (Harris v. Rosario

plebiscite was that residents of the island could express their opinion of preferred status, but since independence was not offered, nationalists questioned Truman's stated motive. An overwhelming majority approved the commonwealth over the alternative of return to direct U.S. rule.^[3]