2023 Pacific hurricane season
2023 Pacific hurricane season | |
---|---|
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | June 27, 2023 |
Last system dissipated | November 26, 2023 |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Otis |
• Maximum winds | 165 mph (270 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 922 mbar (hPa; 27.23 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 20 |
Total storms | 17 |
Hurricanes | 10 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 8 |
Total fatalities | ≥ 67 total |
Total damage | ≥ $13.071 billion (2023 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 2023 Pacific hurricane season was an active and destructive
Forecasts at the outset of the 2023 season predicted busier-than-normal tropical cyclone activity in the eastern Pacific basin, largely due to
October saw four tropical cyclones strike the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Tropical Storm Max struck Guerrero on October 9, resulting in intense flooding. Less than two days later, Hurricane Lidia rapidly intensified into a Category 4 hurricane and made landfall at peak intensity on Jalisco.[8] Lidia was followed by Hurricane Norma, which made two landfalls in northwestern Mexico less than two weeks later. Hurricane Otis developed in the time period between Norma's landfalls, rapidly intensified into the second Category 5 hurricane of the season, and devastated Acapulco when it became the first Pacific hurricane to make landfall at Category 5 intensity, therefore surpassing Hurricane Patricia as the strongest landfalling Pacific hurricane on record.[9]
Seasonal forecasts
Record | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average (1991–2020): | 15 | 8 | 4 | [10] | |
Record high activity: | 1992: 27 | 2015: 16 | 2015: 11 | [11] | |
Record low activity: | 2010: 8 | 2010: 3 | 2003: 0 | [11] | |
Date | Source | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref |
May 4, 2023 | SMN | 16–22 | 7–11 | 3–5 | [12] |
May 25, 2023 | NOAA | 14–20 | 7–11 | 4–8 | [13] |
Area | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref | |
Actual activity: | EPAC | 17 | 10 | 8 | |
Actual activity: | CPAC | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Actual combined activity: | 17 | 10 | 8 |
In advance of each Pacific hurricane season, forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center and Mexico's Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN). These include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA, the average eastern Pacific hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 15 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes, with a near-normal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index between 80 and 115.[13] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h). NOAA typically categorizes a season as above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered.[10]
On May 4, 2023, SMN issued its forecast for the season, forecasting a total of 16–22 named storms developing, with 7–11 hurricanes, and 3–5 major hurricanes.
Seasonal summary
The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2023 Pacific hurricane season (Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific combined), as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the National Hurricane Center, was 164 units,[nb 2][14] above the 1991–2020 average of 115 units. ACE is a rough measure of the energy generated by a tropical or subtropical cyclone over its lifespan, and is calculated every six hours when the tropical cyclone has sustained wind speeds of at least of 39 mph (63 km/h). Therefore, a storm with a longer duration, such as Hurricane Dora, which had an ACE of 48.5 units before crossing into the Western Pacific, will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), while tropical depressions are excluded from ACE calculations.[15][10]
Overall, 20 tropical cyclones formed in the Eastern Pacific, with 17 intensifying into tropical storms. A total of 10 of these storms became hurricanes, and 8 became major hurricanes. The season was very active compared to the more inactive seasons since 2019. No tropical cyclones formed in the Central Pacific, though four did cross into the basin from the east – 1 tropical depression, 2 tropical storms, and 1 hurricane. [3][4] At least 64 fatalities were recorded and damage totaled at least USD$13.07–17.07 billion, mostly due to Hurricane Otis, with most of the rest due to flooding in California from the remnants of Hurricane Hilary. The above-average activity levels were largely attributed to the strong El Niño event, which brought anomalously high sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear to western parts of the basin.
Although the season officially began on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific,
Rank | Cost | Season |
---|---|---|
1 | ≥$13.07–17.07 billion | 2023 |
2 | $4.52 billion | 2013 |
3 | $3.15 billion | 1992 |
4 | $1.62 billion | 2010 |
5 | ≥$1.52 billion | 2014 |
6 | ≥$1.46 billion | 2018 |
7 | $834 million | 1982 |
8 | $760 million | 1998 |
9 | $735 million | 1994 |
10 | $566 million | 2015 |
Another early August system, short-lived Tropical Storm Eugene, formed and remained well offshore Mexico.[23] It was soon followed by Category 4 Hurricane Fernanda and Tropical Storm Greg; neither system passed near land.[24] Next came Hurricane Hilary, the season's third Category 4 system, which made landfall along Mexico's Baja California peninsula as a tropical storm before moving up into Southern California. Heavy rainfall drenched both regions, resulting in widespread flooding and numerous mudslides.[25] At the beginning of September, Hurricane Jova formed, and underwent explosive intensification, to become the first Category 5 hurricane in the Eastern Pacific Ocean since 2018.[26] Later that month, Tropical Storm Kenneth formed southwest of Baja California.
Then, during the first part of October, two systems, Category 4
Systems
Hurricane Adrian
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 27 – July 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min); 970 mbar (hPa) |
On June 23, a broad area of low pressure formed off the coast of southern
Hurricane Beatriz
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 29 – July 1 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 992 mbar (hPa) |
On June 25, after dissipating over the central Caribbean, the remnant wave of Atlantic
Due to the threat the developing system posed to southwestern Mexico, the NHC initiated advisories on it early on June 29, designating it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Two‑E.[44] One person drowned in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, on July 1, while surfing the high waves generated by Beatriz' remnants.[45]
Hurricane Calvin
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 11 – July 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min); 953 mbar (hPa) |
An area of low pressure formed off the coast of Southern Mexico on July 7.[46] The disturbance became better organized over the course of several days, and developed a well-defined center on the afternoon of July 11, becoming Tropical Depression Three-E.[47] By early the next day, the depression had begun developing a central dense overcast, and exhibiting banding features, and so was upgraded with the 09:00 UTC advisory, becoming Tropical Storm Calvin.[48] Calvin moved westward out to sea within a favorable environment with low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, and was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane at 15:00 UTC on July 13.[49] It then rapidly intensified and became the season's first major hurricane at 15:00 UTC on July 14. It had a well-defined 17-mile-wide (28 km) eye at the time, with a pronounced ring of deep convection surrounding it.[50] A weakening trend began later that day, and by early on July 16, the system had fallen to tropical storm strength.[51] Still moving generally westward, the storm crossed the 140th meridian at around 15:00 UTC on July 17, thus entering the central Pacific basin; its sustained winds at the time were near 50 mph (85 km/h).[52] Then, early on July 19, Calvin passed just south of the Island of Hawaiʻi.[53] Weakened by the close encounter with land, the storm began losing its tropical characteristics. Calvin became post-tropical by 21:00 UTC on July 19.[54]
All state parks on the Big Island, as well as most of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, were shut beginning the afternoon of July 18, while public schools were closed for the whole of July 19.[55] Eight emergency shelters were opened across the county on July 18.[56] Calvin caused no significant damage; only minor flooding occurred in flood-prone areas of the Big Island.[57] Rainfall reached up to 7.24 in (184 mm) at Honolii Stream, while peak gusts of 72 mph (116 km/h) and 70 mph (113 km/h) were recorded on the summits of Haleakalā and Mauna Kea, respectively.[58]
Tropical Depression Four-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 20 – July 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave entered the Eastern Pacific on July 16 after moving across Central America.[59] A broad low pressure area associated with the wave formed south of the coast of southwestern Mexico on July 17.[60] The disturbance became better organized by July 20, and at 12:00 UTC, Tropical Depression Four-E formed southwest of the Baja California peninsula.[59] Later that day, however, the depression's structure began deteriorating. It soon lost all of its deep convection,[61] and degenerated into a remnant low by 00:00 UTC on July 22.[59]
Hurricane Dora
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 1 – August 12 (exited basin) |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min); 939 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave which the NHC had been monitoring since July 16 crossed over
A steep
Tropical Storm Eugene
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 5 – August 7 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 992 mbar (hPa) |
On August 1, a tropical wave emerged offshore Guatemala.[74] A low-pressure area developed a couple days later, as it passed southwest of Mexico.[75] After further organization, the disturbance developed into a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC on August 5. Moving northwestward toward the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula under favorable conditions, the system began to rapidly intensify, becoming Tropical Storm Eugene six hours later, and attaining peak sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) at 12:00 UTC on August 6.[74] What appeared on satellite imagery to be a possible eye feature was observed at the center of the storm, but soon deteriorated.[76] Later, Eugene moved over cold water west of the Baja California peninsula where its diminishing thunderstorm activity ceased, and it transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on the afternoon of August 7.[77] The system never directly affect any land areas,[74] though its remnants carried isolated rain showers to the San Francisco Bay Area a few days later.[78]
Hurricane Fernanda
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 12 – August 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min); 949 mbar (hPa) |
On August 11, a broad area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave formed off the coast of southwestern Mexico.
Tropical Storm Greg
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 14 – August 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1000 mbar (hPa) |
On August 11, a broad area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave formed well to the east-southeast of the Hawaiian Islands.[91] A few days later, shower and thunderstorm activity within the disturbance became better organized, and it developed a well-defined circulation. Consequently, Tropical Depression Eight‑E formed at 03:00 UTC on August 14.[92] The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Greg six hours later. At the time, the storm was moving westward at 13 mph (20 km/h), and was about to enter the Central Pacific basin.[93] The storm strengthened some on August 15, as an inner core developed and deep convection increased near its center, a result of diminished wind shear and continued warm water temperatures.[94] The wind shear, though relatively light, proved disruptive nonetheless, displacing Greg's convection to the north of the center and causing it to pulsate.[95] This ultimately led to the system becoming increasingly disorganized late the following day.[96] Later, while south of the Island of Hawaiʻi on August 17, it weakened to a tropical depression,[92] and it dissipated later that day.
Hurricane Hilary
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 16 – August 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); 940 mbar (hPa) |
On August 12, a tropical wave traversing Central America entered the far eastern Pacific, producing rain showers and thunderstorms.[97] A broad area of low pressure developed within the wave on August 14, off the southern coasts of Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador.[98] The disturbance gradually became better organized during the following day, and when a well-defined circulation along with developing convective banding features were observed on the morning of August 16, it was classified as Tropical Storm Hilary by the NHC.[99] Hilary strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane at 12:00 UTC on August 17, while located about 320 mi (515 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima.[100] It then proceeded to rapidly intensify, reaching Category 4 strength at 06:00 UTC on August 18.[101] By 15:00 UTC that day, Hilary's intensity leveled off with sustained winds at 145 mph (230 km/h), an increase of 80 mph (130 km/h) over a 24‑hour period.[102] As the steering influences of a trough of low pressure to its north near the California coast and a ridge of high pressure over the central United States began drawing Hilary north-northwestward on the morning of August 19, asymmetrical convective patterns developed as the deep convection on the west side of the system was being eroded by an intrusion of dry and stable air. This caused the hurricane to weaken to Category 3 strength, with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h).[103] By the end of that day, the hurricane had fallen to Category 1 intensity as a result of the adverse effects of cooler waters, drier air, and increasing shear.[104] Then, after weakening to a tropical storm, Hilary made landfall in San Quintín, Baja California, about 215 mi (345 km) south-southeast of San Diego, California, at around 18:00 UTC on August 20, with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h).[105][106] The storm continued to move north-northwestward after landfall, and crossed into California about six hours later, south-southwest of Palm Springs.[107] On the morning of August 21, while moving over southern California and Nevada, Hilary lost all tropical characteristics, becoming a post-tropical cyclone.[108]
Two fatalities, both in Mexico, have been linked to Hilary.[109][110] Additionally, the storm left behind flooded roads, mudslides and downed trees in the Baja California peninsula and in Southern California. Even so, its overall impact on the region was less severe than anticipated.[111][112][113]
Tropical Storm Irwin
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 26 – August 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); 998 mbar (hPa) |
On August 23, a trough of low pressure formed far to the south of the Baja California peninsula.[114] Late on August 26, the disturbance organized, becoming Tropical Depression Ten-E.[115] Amid marginally favorable conditions, the system was able to strengthen, becoming Tropical Storm Irwin twelve hours later.[116] Irwin remained a poorly organized storm, struggling to generate sustained convection in account of increasingly cooler water temperatures and low relative humidity.[117] Consequently, it degenerated to a post-tropical cyclone on August 29.[118]
Hurricane Jova
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 4 – September 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 160 mph (260 km/h) (1-min); 926 mbar (hPa) |
On September 1, a tropical wave emerged over the far eastern Pacific south of the coasts of El Salvador and Guatemala.[119] A broad area of low pressure formed within it two days later south of the southwestern coast of Mexico.[120] The low became more organized on September 4, a well-defined circulation developed, and a distinct band of deep convection formed around its western half. The NHC classified the system as Tropical Depression Eleven‑E at 21:00 UTC.[121] The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Jova early on September 5,[122] far to the south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur. There, Jova underwent a burst of rapid intensification in which it went from a 70 mph (110 km/h) tropical storm to a 160 mph (260 km/h) Category 5 hurricane in a 24‑hour period ending at 03:00 UTC on September 7, an increase of 90 mph (150 km/h).[26] Later that day, Jova started an eyewall replacement cycle, starting a weakening trend.[123][124] The weakening trend continued into September 8, as Jova moved into waters below 79 °F (26 °C),[125] and by that afternoon its winds had decreased to Category 1 hurricane strength.[126] Jova weakened to a tropical storm early on September 9, as persistent dry air intrusion resulted in diminished deep convection and deterioration of the convective banding around the system.[127] Subsequently, all deep convection within the storm ceased and its overall cloud pattern became increasingly unorganized during the morning of September 10. Consequently, Jova degenerated into a post-tropical remnant low with 35 mph (55 km/h) winds later that day.[128] It then meandered westward before opening up into a trough on September 12.[129]
Tropical Depression Twelve-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 15 – September 18 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa) |
On September 11, the NHC began monitoring a disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a tropical wave far southwest of the Baja California peninsula,[130] that initially left the west coast of Africa two weeks earlier on August 26.[131] On September 12, a broad area of low pressure formed, which began showing some signs of organization the following day.[132] These trends continued, as the deep convection around the developing center of the disturbance became persistent and sufficiently organized on the morning of September 15, for the system to be classified as Tropical Depression Twelve‑E.[133] The depression struggled to produce persistent deep convection during the hours after its formation due to moderate westerly wind shear.[134] Its structure degraded the following morning,[135] and persistent deep convection ceased, resulting in the system degenerating into a post tropical remnant low early on September 18. The storm's remnants continued to the southwest and dissipated later that day.[131]
Tropical Storm Kenneth
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 19 – September 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1000 mbar (hPa) |
On September 16, the NHC began monitoring a newly formed area of disturbed weather far south of the coast of southern Mexico.[136] Showers and thunderstorms within the low pressure area became more persistent over the ensuing couple days, and better organized by the morning of September 19, resulting in the formation of Tropical Depression Thirteen‑E.[137] Moving west that afternoon amid warm sea surface temperatures and favorable atmospheric conditions, the depression was able to strengthen somewhat, and became Tropical Storm Kenneth.[138] Moderate easterly wind shear plagued the system as it continued westward.[139] Despite this, Kenneth was able to become better organized and strengthen slightly, reach its peak intensity on September 20 with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h).[140] After maintaining its strength for another day, Kenneth began to weaken on September 21 in the face of increasing southwesterly vertical wind shear, causing the storm's convection to wane.[141] Early on September 22, Kenneth weakened to a tropical depression[142] and degenerated to a remnant low six hours later.[143]
Tropical Depression Fourteen-E
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 23 – September 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa) |
On September 20, a trough of low pressure formed far south of the southwestern coast of Mexico.[144] Two days later, its showers and thunderstorms began to show signs of organization.[145] The disturbance rapidly became better organized on the morning of September 23, with a marked band of deep convection and very well-defined surface circulation signifying the formation of Tropical Depression Fourteen-E.[146] The depression did not become better organized after formation, as deep convection became erratic near the center and the convective band became indistinguishable by late in the day.[147] Fourteen-E continued to weaken in a fairly hostile environment, characterized by dry air and moderate wind shear, and it degenerated to a remnant low by 00:00 UTC on September 25.[148]
Hurricane Lidia
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 3 – October 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); 942 mbar (hPa) |
On October 1, a large area of persistent showers and thunderstorms being produced by a tropical wave located south of the coast of southern and southwestern Mexico[149] became increasingly concentrated around a developing area of low pressure.[150] The low-pressure area further organized, with satellite and scatterometer data later showing the system had developed a well-defined closed circulation and was producing tropical storm-force winds. On October 3, it was designated as Tropical Storm Lidia.[151] The storm tracked west-northwestward for the next few days, gradually strengthening along the way. Even though Lidia became a little stronger, the most intense deep convection was limited to the western part of the system's circulation on account of persistent easterly wind shear.[152][153] The system meandered generally north-northwestward on October 7,[154] then northward the following day,[155] while it rounded the western edge of a subtropical ridge.[156] Next, the storm made a turn to the northeast during the early hours of October 9.[157] Later, as environmental conditions became increasingly conducive for strengthening, Lidia explosively intensified to Category 4 strength by 21:30 UTC the next day,[158] and accelerated, while being steered to the east-northeast by a nearby mid- to upper-level trough.[159] Lidia then made landfall around 23:50 UTC, with sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h), about 15 mi (25 km) south-southeast of Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco.[160] Lidia's structure rapidly deteriorated inland, dissipating several hours later as it moved over the Sierra Madre Occidental.[161]
One person was killed north of
Tropical Storm Max
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 8 – October 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 990 mbar (hPa) |
On October 3, a trough of low pressure formed south of Central America.
At least two people were killed and two others were injured in Guerrero.[162] Total losses in the state reached MXN$180 million (USD$10 million).[172]
Hurricane Norma
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min); 939 mbar (hPa) |
An area of low pressure formed south of the southern coast of Mexico on October 15, producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms.
Norma brought large waves, flooding and high winds to Baja California Sur. Over 4 in (100 mm) of rain during its passage in some areas. Multiple wind gusts of more than 90 mph (140 km/h) (with a peak gust of 107 mph (172 km/h)) were recorded a weather station high in the hills surrounding Cabo San Lucas.[182] Numerous streets and canals across La Paz flooded as the storm passed through. Also, the gusty winds blew down numerous trees damaged numerous sailboats along the city's coast.[183] Resorts and hotels in Los Cabos Municipality suffered little damage from the storm. Due to the storm's impact on roads and other public infrastructure elsewhere, the governor of Baja California Sur issued a disaster declaration.[184] Norma dumped heavy rains and caused widespread power outages in Sinaloa as it came ashore as a tropical depression.[183] Three people died in the state, including two in vehicle-related accidents and a 3-year-old child due to electrocution. Broken glass, fallen trees and damage to homes and business was reported, mainly in the municipalities of Los Mochis, Ahome and Guasave.[185]
Hurricane Otis
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 22 – October 25 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 mph (270 km/h) (1-min); 922 mbar (hPa) |
On October 18, a broad area of low pressure formed south of the
The hurricane caused at least 52 deaths
Tropical Storm Pilar
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 28 – November 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 995 mbar (hPa) |
On October 25, a broad area of low pressure, partially related to the remnants of Tropical Depression Twenty-One from the Atlantic basin, formed offshore Central America.[187] On October 28, the low became better organized and developed a defined low-level circulation, resulting in the formation of Tropical Depression Nineteen‑E by 21:00 UTC.[188] The system's low-level center gradually consolidated, and it strengthened into Tropical Storm Pilar at 03:00 UTC on October 30.[189] Pilar proceeded to move slowly east-northeastward,[190] before stalling just offshore of El Salvador on the evening of October 31, as its steering currents collapsed. The storm then drifted to the north, and its sustained winds intensified to 60 mph (95 km/h).[191] On November 1, it made an anticipated turn to the west, out to sea.[192] The system moved quickly west-southwestward for the next few days, weakening along the way, as a result of intruding dry air from the north and westerly wind shear.[193][194] Pilar's cloud pattern degraded somewhat on November 5, due to increasing mid-level southwesterly shear. The storm also slowed down and turned west-northwestward in response to a mid-level trough extending southwest of the Baja California peninsula.[195] Late that day, Pilar became bereft of organized convection, and degenerated into a 35 mph (55 km/h) post-tropical remnant low at 18:00 UTC on November 5.[196]
Heavy rains inundated parts of Central America, washing away crops, damaging homes, and displacing hundreds of people. There were three storm related deaths reported in El Salvador, and one in Honduras.[30][197][198]
Tropical Storm Ramon
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 21 – November 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); 1002 mbar (hPa) |
On November 16, a small area of low pressure producing some disorganized showers and thunderstorms formed about 1,000 mi (1,610 km) south-southwest of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula.[199] Drifting west-northwestward, the showers and thunderstorms associated with the disturbance persisted and consolidated near the low-level center early on November 23, becoming Tropical Depression Twenty‑E.[200] The following day there were isolated bursts of convection near the suspected low-level center of the depression,[201] and, by day's end, it had become noticeably better organized, becoming Tropical Storm Ramon.[202] Ramon became slightly stronger on the afternoon of November 25, though the distribution of convection around its center was asymmetrical due to very strong westerly wind shear. The distribution of wind speeds was also asymmetrical, with winds of tropical storm force limited to the eastern side of Ramon's circulation only.[203] That night, wind shear in excess of 60 mph (95 km/h) in combination with an increasingly dry mid-level environment caused the storm to quickly weaken. By the morning of November 26, it was devoid of significant thunderstorm activity, and had degenerated into a remnant low.[204]
Storm names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W during 2023.[205][206] This was the same list used for the 2017 season.[207]
|
For storms that form in the North Pacific from 140°W to the International Date Line, the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list.[205] No storms formed within the area in 2023. Named storms in the table above that crossed into the area during the season are noted (*).[4]
Retirement
On March 20, 2024, during the 46th session of the RA IV hurricane committee, the World Meteorological Organization retired the names Dora and Otis from its rotating name lists, and they will not be used in the Eastern Pacific basin again. They were replaced with Debora and Otilio, respectively, for the 2029 season.[208]
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2023 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adrian | June 27 – July 2 | Category 2 hurricane | 105 (165) | 970 | None | None | None | |||
Beatriz | June 29 – July 1 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 (140) | 992 | Western Mexico | Minimal | 0 (1) | [45] | ||
Calvin | July 11–19 | Category 3 hurricane | 125 (205) | 953 | Hawaii | Minimal | None | |||
Four-E | July 20–21 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1006 | None | None | None | |||
Dora | July 31 – August 12 | Category 4 hurricane | 150 (240) | 939 | Hawaii, Johnston Atoll | None | None | |||
Eugene | August 5–7 | Tropical storm | 70 (110) | 992 | None | None | None | |||
Fernanda | August 12–17 | Category 4 hurricane | 130 (215) | 949 | None | None | None | |||
Greg | August 14–17 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 1000 | None | None | None | |||
Hilary | August 16–20 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 (220) | 940 | Western Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands, Baja California peninsula, Western United States | $915 million | 0 (2) | [109][110] | ||
Irwin | August 26–29 | Tropical storm | 45 (75) | 998 | None | None | None | |||
Jova | September 4–10 | Category 5 hurricane | 160 (260) | 926 | Western Mexico, Southwestern United States | Minimal | None | |||
Twelve-E | September 15–18 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1006 | None | None | None | [131] | ||
Kenneth | September 19–22 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 1000 | None | None | None | |||
Fourteen-E | September 23–24 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1006 | None | None | None | |||
Lidia | October 3–11 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 (220) | 942 | Western Mexico, Islas Marías, Southwestern Mexico | $77.56 million | 3 | [165] | ||
Max | October 8–10 | Tropical storm | 70 (110) | 990 | Southwestern Mexico | $10 million | 2 | [172] | ||
Norma | October 17–23 | Category 4 hurricane | 130 (215) | 939 | Baja California Sur, Sinaloa | $23.3 million | 0 (3) | [185][209][210] | ||
Otis | October 22–25 | Category 5 hurricane | 165 (270) | 922 | Guerrero | $12–16 billion | ≥52 | [211][186][212] | ||
Pilar | October 28 – November 5 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 995 | Central America | $45 million | 0 (4) | [198] | ||
Ramon | November 21–26 | Tropical storm | 45 (75) | 1002 | None | None | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
20 systems | June 27 – November 26 | 165 (270) | 922 | ≥$13.07–17.07 billion | ≥57 (10) |
See also
- Weather of 2023
- Tropical cyclones in 2023
- 2023 Atlantic hurricane season
- 2023 Pacific typhoon season
- 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2022–23, 2023–24
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2022–23, 2023–24
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2022–23, 2023–24
Notes
- ^ Hurricanes reaching Category 3 and higher—1-minute sustained winds higher than 110 miles per hour (178 km/h)—on the Saffir–Simpson scale are described as major hurricanes.[1]
- ^ The total represents the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for every (sub)tropical storm's intensity of over 33 knots (38 mph; 61 km/h), divided by 10,000 while they are above that threshold; therefore, tropical depressions are not included.
- ^ Interrupted time, as Dora did temporarily weaken below Category 4 intensity for a period of time and then rebounded.
- ^ All damage totals are valued as of 2023 and in United States dollars, unless otherwise noted.
- ^ Unconfirmed reports of additional bodies recovered would put the toll at 350. See the Casualties section for details.[186]
References
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- ^ Papin, Philippe (October 1, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (October 3, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (October 4, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
- ^ Hogsett, Wallace; Berg, Robbie (October 7, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 18 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (October 8, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 22 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8, 2023.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (October 8, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 23 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8, 2023.
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- ^ Cangialosi, John (October 9, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 26 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
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- ^ Blake, Eric (October 10, 2023). Remnants of Max Discussion Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
- ^ a b Adriana Covarrubias (October 9, 2023). "Aumentan a 180 mdp las pérdidas de comerciantes por apagones" [Merchants' losses due to blackouts increase to 180 million pesos]. El Sol de Acapulco (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved December 28, 2023.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (October 15, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (October 17, 2023). Tropical Storm Norma Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
- ^ Reinhart, Brad (October 18, 2023). Tropical Storm Norma Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
- ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (October 19, 2023). "Norma and Tammy gain strength en route to Mexico, Leeward Islands". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
- ^ Reinhart, Brad (October 21, 2023). Hurricane Norma Discussion Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry; Reinhart, Brad (October 21, 2023). Hurricane Norma Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ^ Brown, Daniel (October 22, 2023). Hurricane Norma Discussion Number 19 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
- ^ Brown, Daniel (October 23, 2023). Tropical Depression Norma Depression Number 23 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (October 23, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Norma Discussion Number 24 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Barker, Aaron; Oberholtz, Chris; Wulfeck, Chris; Sistek, Scott (October 23, 2023). "Norma dissipates over Mexico after making 2nd landfall Monday". FOX Weather. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- ^ a b Bonaccorso, Nicole (October 23, 2023). "Photos Show Hurricane Norma's Impacts In Mexico". weather.com. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ^ "Los Cabos Hotels Suffer Very Little Damage From Hurricane Norma". The Cabo Sun. October 24, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- ^ a b Sánchez, Samuel (October 23, 2023). "Imágenes de daños causados por Norma; mueren 3 personas en Sinaloa" [Images of damage caused by Norma; 3 people die in Sinaloa]. Uno TV (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- ^ a b "News outlet in Acapulco says real hurricane death toll is over 350". Mexico News Daily. November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa; Zelensky, Rachel (October 25, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- ^ Blake, Eric (October 28, 2023). Tropical Depression Nineteen-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (October 29, 2023). Tropical Storm Pilar Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida, United States: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (October 31, 2023). Tropical Storm Pilar Discussion Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (October 31, 2023). Tropical Storm Pilar Discussion Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- ^ Brown, Daniel (November 1, 2023). Tropical Storm Pilar Advisory Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (November 2, 2023). Tropical Storm Pilar Discussion Number 22 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (November 1, 2023). "Disturbance 97L likely to bring heavy rains to Central America this weekend". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (November 5, 2023). Tropical Storm Pilar Discussion Number 32 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- ^ Blake, Eric (March 8, 2024). Tropical Storm Pilar – Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
- ^ Oberholtz, Chris; Andrews, Hillary (November 4, 2023). "Deadly Tropical Storm Pilar slowly unraveling after assault on Central America". FOX Weather. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ^ a b "Four dead as Tropical Storm Pilar dumps heavy rains on C. America". phys.org. November 1, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (November 16, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (November 23, 2023). Tropical Depression Twenty-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (November 24, 2023). Tropical Depression Twenty-E Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (November 24, 2023). Tropical Storm Ramon Discussion Number 7 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (November 24, 2023). Tropical Storm Ramon Discussion Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
- ^ Pasch, Richard (November 26, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Ramon Discussion Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
- ^ NOAAOffice of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 2023. pp. 3-10–12. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ Donegan, Brian (May 14, 2023). "Eastern Pacific hurricane season begins May 15: Here's what that means for the US". yahoo.com. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Names". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017.
- ^ "WMO Hurricane Committee retires the names Otis and Dora from the eastern North Pacific basin name list". Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. March 20, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
- ^ "Huracán Norma dejó 200 mdp en daños a infraestructura; no habrá apoyo federal: Gobernador de BCS" [Hurricane Norma left 200 million pesos in damage to infrastructure; there will be no federal support: Governor of BCS]. BCS Noticias (in Mexican Spanish). October 30, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ Javier Martínez (October 30, 2023). "Tormenta tropical "Norma" causó daños en carreteras, puentes y abrió 18 socavones en Sinaloa" [Tropical storm "Norma" caused damage to roads, bridges and opened 18 sinkholes in Sinaloa]. El Universal (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2023.
- ^ "Officials update Hurricane Otis death toll to 52, with 32 people missing". December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
- ^ Alegria, Alejandro (November 2, 2023). "Reconstrucción de Acapulco requerirá de hasta 300 mil mdp: Coparmex". La Jornada (in Spanish). Retrieved November 4, 2023.
External links
- National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center (website)
- Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (website, in Spanish)
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center (website)