20th Battalion (Australia)

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For other uses, see 2/20th Battalion (Australia).

20th Battalion
Non-commissioned officers of the 20th Battalion at Rivery, Somme, June 1918
Active1915–1919
1921–1929
1941–1943
CountryAustralia
BranchAustralian Army
TypeInfantry
Size~900 – 1,000 men[Note 1]
Part of5th Brigade
28th Brigade
Motto(s)Pro Patria
ColoursWhite over green
EngagementsWorld War I
Insignia
Unit colour patch

The 20th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Raised in early 1915 as part of the Australian Imperial Force, it was attached to the 5th Brigade, 2nd Division that served during World War I. The battalion first saw action during the Gallipoli campaign, before being evacuated in December 1915. After that the 20th Battalion was sent to France where they served in the trenches along the Western Front. Over the course of the next two years, they fought in many major battles, including the battles of the Hundred Days Offensive at the end of the war. The 20th Battalion's last engagement was at Montbrehain in October 1918. Following the end of the war, it was disbanded in April 1919. It was later re-raised in 1921, although it was amalgamated in 1929 due to manpower shortages. During World War II the battalion was briefly re-raised and carried out garrison duties in Australia.

History

World War I

The 20th Battalion was raised in March 1915 in

Anzac Cove on 22 August 1915 as part of the 5th Brigade, 2nd Division. They played only a minor part in the fighting during the August Offensive which was coming to a close by the time they arrived and so for the majority of time that they were at Gallipoli, the battalion was deployed in the defence of Russell's Top.[3] They remained on the peninsula until the evacuation on 20 December 1915.[3]

Walter Brown, who received the Victoria Cross following the fighting around Villers-Bretonneux, July 1918

Following further training in Egypt, the 20th Battalion was sent to France, arriving there on 22 March 1916.[3] From there it proceeded to a position near Pozières, where it took up position in the trenches in April and, a month later, had the dubious honour of being the first Australian battalion to be raided by the Germans.[3] Later, in July and August the 20th took part in the Battle of Pozières, during which time it served in the line twice before moving to a quieter sector in Belgium for a period of rest. In October, however, the entire 2nd Division was moved to the south again and put back into the line in France once again and in November they launched an attack at Flers, in conditions that were so muddy that they were described by the official historian, Charles Bean, as "the worst ever encountered by the AIF".[3]

Throughout 1917 the 20th Battalion was involved in three major battles as the German Army was forced back towards the

Mont St Quentin in August, before participating in the attack on the "Beaurevoir Line" at Montbrehain in October.[3]

This would be the battalion's last contribution to the war, as it was training out of the line when the

Walter Brown, who received the decoration for his actions around Villers-Bretonneux on 6 July 1918.[6] For the battalion's involvement in the war, it received a total of 20 battle honours.[7]

Inter war years and World War II

In 1921, Australia's part-time military force, the Citizens Force (later known as the Militia), was re-organised to perpetuate the numerical designations and structure of the AIF.[8] At this time the 20th Battalion was re-raised in New South Wales, around Parramatta, and was again placed under the command of the 5th Brigade, 2nd Division.[9] Upon formation, the new 20th Battalion drew personnel from the 20th Infantry Regiment, and through this link it inherited two battle honours: "Suakin 1885" and "South Africa 1899–1902".[7] Territorial designations were introduced in 1927, at which point the battalion adopted the title of the "Paramatta and Blue Mountains Regiment"; at the same time the motto of Pro Patria was approved.[10]

In 1929, following the suspension of the compulsory training scheme by the newly elected Scullin Labor government,[11] financial pressures and manpower shortages resulted in a number of battalions being amalgamated.[12] The 20th Battalion was one of those chosen, and it merged with the 54th, although they were later delinked.[13] An alliance with the Lancashire Fusiliers was approved in 1937.[10] In 1939,[14] the 20th Battalion merged with the 19th Battalion to become the 20th/19th Battalion, adopting the territorial designation of the "Parramatta and Blue Mountains Regiment".[15]

Following the outbreak of World War II, the 20th/19th Battalion was transferred from Sydney to

Malayan Campaign.[7]

Battle honours

For its service during the war, the 20th Battalion received the following battle honours:[7]

Commanding officers

See also

Notes

Footnotes
  1. ^ During World War I, the authorised strength of an Australian infantry battalion was 1,023 men.[1] By the start of World War II, the authorised strength of an Australian infantry battalion was 910 men all ranks, however, later in the war it fell to 803.[2]
  2. ^ Lamrock later achieved the rank of brigadier general.[23]
Citations
  1. ^ Kuring 2004, p. 47.
  2. ^ Palazzo 2003, p. 6.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "20th Battalion". First World War, 1914–1918 units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  4. ^ "Battle of Lagnicourt". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  5. ^ "AWM4, 23/37/45—20th Battalion War Diary, entry for 20 April 1919". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 29 July 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  6. ^ White, K.R (1979). "'Brown, Walter Ernest (1885–1942)". Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7. Melbourne University Press. pp. 446–447.
  7. ^ a b c d Festberg 1972, pp. 81–82.
  8. ^ Grey 2008, p. 125.
  9. ^ "Brief History of the 2nd Division" (PDF). Army History Unit. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  10. ^ a b Festberg 1972, p. 82.
  11. ^ Grey 2008, p. 138.
  12. ^ Keogh 1965, p. 44.
  13. ^ "The Military at Paramatta". Lancers.org. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  14. ^ Harris, Ted. "Lineage of the Royal New South Wales Regiment". Digger History.org. Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  15. ^ "20/19 Infantry Battalion". Orders of Battle.com. Retrieved 4 November 2011.[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ "19th Battalion (South Sydney Regiment)". Second World War, 1939–1945 units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  17. ^ "20 Infantry Battalion". Orders of Battle.com. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  18. ^ Morgan 2019, p. 5.
  19. ^ "20 Infantry Battalion: Superiors". Orders of Battle.com. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  20. ^ McKenzie-Smith 2018, p. 2111.
  21. ^ Grey 2008, pp. 183–184.
  22. ^ "20/34 Infantry Battalion". Orders of Battle.com. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  23. ^ "Brigadier General John Lamrock, CB, VD". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  24. ^ "Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Windeyer Ralston, CMG, DSO, VD". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 2 January 2015.

References

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