Lancashire Fusiliers
Peyton's Regiment of Foot 20th Regiment of Foot 20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot Lancashire Fusiliers | |
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Insignia | |
Hackle | Primrose |
The Lancashire Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that saw distinguished service through many years and wars, including the Second Boer War, the First and Second World Wars, and had many different titles throughout its 280 years of existence. In 1968 the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) – to form the current Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.
History
17th–19th century
Peyton's Regiment of Foot (1688–1740)
By a commission dated 20 November 1688, the regiment was formed in Torbay, Devon under Sir Richard Peyton[2] as Peyton's Regiment of Foot. (The regiment's name changed according to the name of the colonel commanding until 1751.) The regiment served in the Glorious Revolution under King William III and at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 and the Battle of Aughrim in 1691.[3] During the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), it aided in the capture of Spanish galleons at Battle of Vigo Bay in 1702.[4]
Bligh's Regiment of Foot (1740–1746)
Under the command of
20th Regiment of Foot (1751–1782)
In 1751, the regiment became the 20th Regiment of Foot, often written in Roman numerals 'XX Foot', (hence the nickname The Two Tens). During the Seven Years' War the regiment earned honour at the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759, when, as an infantry formation, they stood fast and broke a French cavalry charge.[9] During the American Revolutionary War, the regiment was sent to Quebec in April 1776 and assisted in the relief of Quebec in May 1776. Serving under General John Burgoyne for the remainder of the Canadian campaign, they later surrendered along with General Burgoyne at Saratoga.[10]
20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot (1782–1881)
The 20th Regiment of Foot was designated the 20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot in 1782.[11] The regiment embarked for Holland in August 1799 to take part in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland and fought at the Battle of Krabbendam in September 1799[12] and the Battle of Alkmaar in October 1799.[13] It next departed for Egypt in spring 1801 and saw action at the Battle of Alexandria in March 1801 during the French Revolutionary Wars.[14] After moving to Calabria it took part in the Battle of Maida in July 1806 during the War of the Third Coalition.[15]
The regiment embarked for Portugal in 1808 for service in the Peninsular War.[16] It saw action at the Battle of Vimeiro in August 1808[16] and the Battle of Corunna in January 1809 before being evacuated home later that month.[17] The regiment returned to the Peninsula and fought at the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813, where it formed part of the "backbone" of the Duke of Wellington's forces.[18] It then pursued the French Army into France at took part in the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,[19] the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813[20] and the Battle of Orthez in February 1814[20] as well the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814.[21]
During the
Lancashire Fusiliers (1881–1908)
The regiment was not superficially affected by the
In common with other regiments recruited from populous urban areas, the Lancashire Fusiliers raised two further regular battalions, the 3rd in 1898, and the 4th in March 1900. This necessitated adjustments to the numbers of the Militia battalions, which became the 5th and 6th battalions. However, the 3rd and 4th Regular battalions were disbanded in 1906.[11]
The 1st Battalion was stationed in Ireland from 1881 to September 1885, and again from April 1891 to 1897. In 1899 it was posted to Crete, and from 1901 at Malta.[28]
The 2nd Battalion was stationed in British India from 1881 to 1898, when it took part in Kitchener's campaign to reconquer the Sudan and fought at the Battle of Omdurman.[29] After a year at Malta, the battalion was posted to South Africa in December 1899, following the outbreak of the Second Boer War two months earlier.[28]
During the
Haldane Reforms
Under the
First World War
Regular Army
The 1st Battalion, which was based in
The 2nd Battalion landed at
Special Reserve
The
Territorial Force
Soon after the outbreak of war, the formation of Reserve or 2nd Line units for each existing TF unit was authorised. These units took the 'prefix '2/' while the parent battalions took '1/'. Eventually, both 1st and 2nd Line battalions went overseas and 3rd Line battalions were raised to supply recruits.[38][39]
The 1/5th Battalion, 1/6th Battalion, 1/7th Battalion and 1/8th Battalion all landed at Cape Helles, as part of the 125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade, in early May 1915 and took part in the Second Battle of Krithia (6–8 May) under command of the 29th Division. The brigade later rejoined the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division for the Third Battle of Krithia and Battle of Krithia Vineyard. Evacuated from Gallipoli in December 1915, these four battalions landed on Moudros and proceeded to Egypt from where they transferred to Marseille in February 1917 for service on the Western Front.[37][35][36][40][41][42]
The 2/5th Battalion landed at Boulogne as part of the
New Army Battalions
The 9th (Service) Battalion waded ashore in deep water and darkness at Suvla Bay[45] on the night of 6/7 August 1915, as part of 34th Brigade of 11th (Northern) Division, and were pinned down on the beach losing their commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel H. M. Welstead, and a number of officers.[41][42][46] Evacuated from Gallipoli in December 1915, it moved to Egypt and was then transferred to France in July 1916 for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
The 10th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne as part of the 52nd Brigade in the 17th (Northern) Division in July 1915 for service on the Western Front.[35][36] The 11th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne in September 1915 as part of the 74th Brigade of the 25th Division;[35][36][41] the famous fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien served with this battalion until contracting trench fever during the Battle of the Somme in October 1916.[47]
The 12th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne as part of the 65th Brigade in the 22nd Division in September 1915 but moved with the Division to Salonika, arriving in November 1915 before moving to France for service on the Western Front in July 1918.[35][36][41] The 15th (Service) Battalion (1st Salford) and 16th (Service) Battalion (2nd Salford) landed at Boulogne as part of the 96th Brigade in the 32nd Division in November 1915 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41] The 17th (Service) Battalion (1st South East Lancashire) and 18th (Service) Battalion (2nd South East Lancashire) landed at Le Havre as part of the 104th Brigade in the 35th Division in January 1916 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41] The 19th (Service) Battalion (3rd Salford) (Pioneers) landed at Le Havre as part of the 96th Brigade in the 32nd Division in November 1915 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41] The 20th (Service) Battalion (4th Salford) landed at Le Havre as part of the 104th Brigade in the 35th Division in January 1916 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
War memorial
A
Second World War
Regular Army battalions
After recovering its numbers from the First World War, the 1st Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers spent the
From the outbreak of war in 1939 to 1940, the 2nd Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was deployed with the
A former member of the battalion, Wallace Jackson, died on Thursday, 12 November 2009 aged 89 years. [50][51]
Territorial Army battalions
The 1/5th Battalion was a 1st-Line
The 1/6th Battalion served alongside the 1/5th Battalion in France in April–June 1940 and were driven back to Dunkirk. In 1941, this 1st-Line TA Battalion was converted, like the 1/5th Battalion, to armour as 109th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps.[52]
In 1936, the 7th Battalion was converted into
The 1/8th Battalion began the war in 125th Brigade with the 1/5th and 1/6th Battalions, but while in France with the
The 2/5th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was formed in 1939 as a duplicate of the 1/5th. It was part of the
The 2/6th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers came into being as a 2nd Line duplicate of the 1/6th Battalion. Like the 2/5th Battalion, the 2/6th Battalion was also part of 197th Infantry Brigade in the 66th Infantry Division and was also transferred to 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division after 66th Division disbanded. However, in October 1942, the battalion was transferred elsewhere when it was replaced in the 197th Brigade by the 1/7th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment. The 2/6th Battalion remained in the United Kingdom throughout the war, serving with many different brigades, including the 211th infantry Brigade (part of the 80th Infantry (Reserve) Division) from October 1942 to October 1943.[61] From July 1944, the battalion served with the 203rd Infantry Brigade, part of the 77th Holding Division, and acted in a training role for the rest of the war.[64]
This 2/8th Battalion was formed as a duplicate of the 1/8th Battalion and began the war in the 199th Infantry Brigade, alongside the 6th and 7th Manchester Regiment, part of the 66th Infantry Division and later was transferred to the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division when the 66th Division was disbanded in July 1940. It did not leave the United Kingdom and was disbanded in October 1944.[65]
Hostilities-only battalions
The 9th (Service) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was a hostilities-only battalion raised in June 1940
The 10th (Service) Battalion was also raised in 1940
The 11th (Service) Battalion was a hostilities-only battalion raised in 1940, originally as the 50th (Holding) Battalion, whose role was to temporarily 'hold' men who were medically unfit, awaiting orders, on courses or returning from abroad.
Post-1945
Regular Battalions
In 1948, all infantry regiments of the British Army were reduced to only a single regular battalion and the 2nd Battalion was disbanded and merged with the 1st Battalion.[72] In 1968, the Regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) – to form the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.[73]
Territorial Battalions
The 5th Battalion was reformed but disbanded when the TA was reduced into the TAVR in 1967. The battalion's lineage was continued by retaining a company in the 4th Battalion Queen's Lancashire Regiment and subsequently the Lancastrian and Cumbrian Volunteers on its formation in 1999.[74] The other TA battalions were all reconstituted as anti-aircraft (AA) units in Anti-Aircraft Command:
- 633 (6th Bn Lancashire Fusiliers) Light AA Regiment, Royal Artillery[75][76]
- 574th (7th Bn Lancashire Fusiliers) (Mixed) Heavy AA Regiment, RA, ('mixed' indicating that members of the Women's Royal Army Corps were integrated into the unit)[54][57][77]
- 634 (8th Bn Lancashire Fusiliers) Heavy AA Regiment, RA, later renumbered 310 HAA Rgt[78][79]
AA Command was disbanded in 1955, and a number of disbandments and mergers took place among TA air defence units: 633 LAA Regiment was disbanded,[75][76] while four HAA regiments in the Manchester area, including 574 and 310, formed a new 314 HAA Regiment. By this merger, the 7th and 8th Bns Lancashire Fusiliers, both descended from the 56th Lancashire RVC, were brought back together. They formed Q (Salford) Battery in the new regiment.[78][80]
On 1 May 1961, Q Battery transferred to 253 Field Regiment (The Bolton Artillery).[81][82] Since the reduction of the TA in 1967, the Bolton Artillery has existed as a battery of 103 (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment RA, but it no longer has a presence in Salford.[83]
Regimental museum
A collection of military memorabilia and educational displays are in the Fusilier Museum in Bury.[84]
Battle honours
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:[11]
- Great War (30 Battalions): Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914 '18, Armentières 1914, Ypres 1915 '17 '18, St. Julien, Bellewaarde, Somme 1916 '18, Albert 1916 '18, Bazentin, Delville Wood, Pozières, Ginchy, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Thiepval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916 '18, Arras 1917 '18, Scarpe 1917 '18, Arleux, Messines 1917, Pilckem, Langemarck 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 '18, St. Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Rosières, Lys, Estaires, Hazebrouck, Bailleul, Kemmel, Béthune, Scherpenberg, Amiens, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Épéhy, Canal du Nord, St. Quentin Canal, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1915–18, Helles, Landing at Helles, Krithia, Suvla, Landing at Suvla, Scimitar Hill, Gallipoli 1915, Rumani, Egypt 1915–17
- Second World War (12 Battalions): Defence of Escaut, St. Omer-La Bassée, Caen, North-West Europe 1940 '44, Medjez el Bab, Oued Zarga, North Africa 1942–43, Adrano, Sicily 1943, Termoli, Trigno, Sangro, Cassino II, Trasimene Line, Monte Ceco, Monte Spaduro, Senio, Argenta Gap, Italy 1943–45, Malta 1941–42, Rathedaung, Htizwe, Kohima, Naga Village, Chindits 1944, Burma 1943–45
Victoria Cross recipients
The following members of the Regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross:
- Captain (Temporary Major) Cuthbert Bromley, Great War
- Sergeant Frank Edward Stubbs, Great War
- Lance-Corporal (later Lieutenant-Colonel) John Elisha Grimshaw, Great War
- Captain (later Major) Richard Raymond Willis, Great War
- Sergeant Alfred Joseph Richards, Great War
- Private (later Lance-Sergeant) William Stephen Kenealy, Great War
- Private John Lynn, Great War
- Private (later Corporal) James Hutchinson, Great War
- Captain (Temporary Lieutenant-Colonel) Bertram Best-Dunkley, Great War
- Sergeant Joseph Lister, Great War
- Second Lieutenant Bernard Matthew Cassidy, Great War
- Temporary Second Lieutenant John Schofield, Great War
- Lance-Corporal Joel Halliwell, Great War
- Lance-Sergeant (later Lieutenant) Edward Benn Smith, Great War
- Acting Sergeant Harold John Colley, Great War
- Private Frank Lester, Great War
- Sergeant (later Regimental Sergeant-Major) James Clarke, Great War
- Acting Lieutenant-Colonel James Neville Marshall, Great War
- Fusilier (later Lance-Corporal) Second World War
Colonels of the Regiment
Colonels of the regiment were:[11]
- 1688–1689: Col. Sir Robert Peyton
- 1689–1706: Maj-Gen. Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne
- 1706–1714: Maj-Gen. John Newton
- 1714–1719: Lt-Gen. Thomas Meredyth
- 1719–1732: Col. Hon. William Egerton
- 1732–1737: Brig-Gen. Francis Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham
- 1737–1740: Lt-Gen. Richard St. George
- 1740: Col. Alexander Rose
- 1740–1746: Lt-Gen. Thomas Bligh
- 1746–1749: Lt-Gen. George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville
- 1749–1755: Lt-Gen. George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle, KG (Viscount Bury)
The 20th Regiment of Foot
- 1755–1756: Gen. Philip Honeywood
- 1756–1769: Lt-Gen. William Kingsley
- 1769–1773: Gen. Bernard Hale
- 1773–1782: Lt-Gen. Hon. George Lane Parker
The 20th (East Devon) Regiment of Foot
- 1782–1789: Lt-Gen. William Wynyard
- 1789–1797: Lt-Gen. West Hyde
- 1797–1809: Gen. Charles Leigh
- 1809–1815: Lt-Gen Sir John Stuart, Count of Maida GCB
- 1815–1842: Gen Sir William Houston, 1st Baronet GCB GCH
- 1842–1850: Lt-Gen. Sir James Stevenson Burns KCB
- 1850–1853: Lt-Gen. Sir Andrew Pilkington, KCB
- 1853: Lt-Gen. Sir William Chalmers, CB, KCH
- 1853: Maj-Gen. Henry Godwin, CB
- 1853–1854: Lt-Gen. Sir Nathaniel Thorn, KCB, KH
- 1854-1858: Lt-Gen. Henry Thomas, CB
- 1858–1876: Gen. Marcus Beresford
- 1876–1894: Gen. Sir Frederick Horn, GCB
The Lancashire Fusiliers
- 1894–1897: Gen. Sir William Pollexfen Radcliffe, KCB
- 1897–1909: Gen. Sir Edward Alan Holdich, GCB
- 1909–1914: Maj-Gen. Sir William Drummond Scrase-Dickins, KCB
- 1914–1926: Maj-Gen. Charles James Blomfield, CB, DSO
- 1926–1945: Maj-Gen. George Henry Basil Freeth, CB, CMG, DSO
- 1945–1955: Maj-Gen. George Surtees, CB, CBE, MC
- 1955–1965: Brig. Percy Geoffrey Bamford, CBE, DSO
- 1965–1968: Lt-Gen. Sir George Harris Lea, KCB, DSO, MBE
- 1968: Regiment amalgamated with The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
Football
The
Notes
- ISBN 978-1-84832-562-3.
- ^ "The Army". Freeman's Journal. 10 December 1830. Retrieved 29 October 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Cannon, p. 4
- ^ Cannon, p. 6
- ^ Cannon, p. 11
- ^ Cannon, p. 12
- ^ Cannon, p. 13
- ^ The papers of the Canadian Masonic Research Association, 1949-1976. Papers 0-38, 1986, p.10
- ^ Cannon, p. 17
- ^ Cannon, p. 25
- ^ a b c d e f g h "The Lancashire Fusiliers [UK]". Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ Cannon, p. 28
- ^ Cannon, p. 29
- ^ Cannon, p. 31
- ^ Cannon, p. 36
- ^ a b Cannon, p. 38
- ^ Cannon, p. 40
- ^ Cannon, p. 42
- ^ Cannon, p. 43
- ^ a b Cannon, p. 46
- ^ Cannon, p. 48
- ^ "XXth Regiment, later the Lancashire Fusiliers Crimean War 1854 The Battle of Inkerman". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ "Training Depots 1873–1881". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) The depot was the 17th Brigade Depot from 1873 to 1881, and the 20th Regimental District depot thereafter - ^ "No. 24992". The London Gazette. 1 July 1881. pp. 3300–3301.
- ^ Monthly Army List 1881–1908.
- ^ a b Westlake, Rifle Volunteers.
- ^ Lancashire Record Office, Handlist 72
- ^ a b Hart′s Army list, 1903
- ^ "2nd Battalion Plus Volunteer Battalions India, Egypt, 2nd Sudan War, Omdurman circa 1891". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ "2nd Bn The XX Lancashire Fusiliers Plus Volunteer Battalions of Boer War". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning Home". The Times. No. 36899. London. 15 October 1902. p. 8.
- ^ "The War - Embarcation of Troops". The Times. No. 36063. London. 12 February 1900. p. 10.
- ^ Hay, pp. 299–302.
- ^ a b Leslie.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r James, pp. 63–4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Lancashire Fusiliers at Long, Long Trail.
- ^ a b Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 35–41.
- ^ Becke, Pt 2b, p. 6.
- ^ Gibbon, p. 6.
- ^ Gibbon.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Latter.
- ^ a b Westlake, Gallipoli.
- ^ a b Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 67–74.
- ^ "24th Bn Tours & Postings". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Latter, Volume I, p. 70
- ^ The Lancashire Fusiliers Annual 1914-1915, p. 298
- ^ "JRR Tolkien's wartime narrow escape revealed". The Guardian. 22 December 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
- ^ Historic England. "War Memorial to the Lancashire Fusiliers, Gallipoli Gardens (1250814)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ "1st Bn The XX Lancashire Fusiliers Orde Wingate's Chindits WW 2 - 1939 - 1945". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ "2nd Bn Lancashire Fusiliers: Tours and Postings". The Lancashire Fusiliers. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ "Ex Ambleside soldier from historic battalion dies 89". The Westmorland Gazette. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ a b c Forty, pp. 50–1.
- ^ a b c "A new". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ a b Litchfield, p. 133.
- ^ a b "RA 1939-45 39 SL Rgt". Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Farndale, Annex D.
- ^ a b c Farndale, Annex M.
- ^ Routledge.
- ^ Joslen, pp. 234, 310.
- ^ "1st/8th Battalion XX The Lancashire Fusiliers Kohima 1944". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ^ a b Joslen, p. 361.
- ^ "2nd / 5th Battalion The XX The Lancashire Fusiliers in Normandy". Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ 2/5th Battalion War Diary
- ^ Joslen, p. 366
- ^ Joslen, p. 363.
- ^ "9th (Service) Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers: Tours and Postings". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ^ Joslen, p. 371.
- ^ Joslen, p. 537.
- ^ "10th (Service) Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers: Tours and Postings". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ^ Joslen, p. 395.
- ^ Joslen, p. 298.
- ^ "British Army Units 1945 on". Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ISBN 0-85591-000-3.
- ^ "British Army units from 1945 on". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ a b Litchfield, p. 137.
- ^ a b "British Army units from 1945 on". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ "British Army units from 1945 on". Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ a b Litchfield, p. 118.
- ^ "British Army units from 1945 on". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ "British Army units from 1945 on". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Litchfield, p. 119.
- ^ "British Army units from 1945 on". Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ "Bolton Army reservists take part in pioneering training exercise". Bolton News. 8 April 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ "The Duke of Kent performs official opening of Fusilier Museum". Bury Times. 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
- ^ "Lancashire Fusiliers". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ "Northern Ireland - Final League Tables 1890-1998". The Rec. Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ Ireland's Saturday Night, 1 May 1897
References
- Becke, Major A.F. (1935) History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: the Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, ISBN 1-84734-739-8.
- Becke, Maj A.F. (1937) History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-39-8.
- Cannon, Richard (1848). Historical record of the 20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot. Parker, Furnivall and Park. ISBN 9780665483516.
- Farndale, Gen Sir Martin (1988) History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, ISBN 1-85753-080-2.
- Forty, George (1998). British Army Handbook 1939–1945. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1403-3.
- Gibbon, Frederick E. (1920 )The 42nd East Lancashire Division 1914–1918, London: Country Life, 1920/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 1-84342-642-0.
- Col George Jackson Hay, An Epitomized History of the Militia (The Constitutional Force), London:United Service Gazette, 1905/Ray Westlake Military Books, 1987 Archived 11 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 0-9508530-7-0.
- Brig E.A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, London: Samson Books, 1978/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, ISBN 978-1-84342-197-9.
- Joslen, Lt-Col H.F. (2003) Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/Uckfield: Naval & Military, ISBN 1-84342-474-6.
- Lancashire Record Office (2010), Handlist 72: Sources for the History of the Militia and Volunteer Regiments in Lancashire.
- Latter, Maj-Gen J.C. (1949) The History of the Lancashire Fusiliers 1914–1918, Vol. I, Aldershot: Gale & Polden Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Latter, Maj-Gen J.C. (1949) The History of the Lancashire Fusiliers 1914–1918, Vol. II, Aldershot: Gale & Polden Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Leslie, N.B. (1970) Battle Honours of the British and Indian Armies 1695–1914, London: Leo Cooper, ISBN 0-85052-004-5.
- Litchfield, Norman E.H. (1992) The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, ISBN 0-9508205-2-0.
- Moorhouse, G. (1992). Hell's Foundations: A Town, its Myths and Gallipoli. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-43044-3.
- Routledge, Brig N.W. (1994) History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, ISBN 1-85753-099-3
- Smyth, Benjamin (1889). History of the XX Regiment. Simkin, Marshall, & Company.
- Westlake, Ray (1996) British Regiments at Gallipoli, Barnsley: Leo Cooper, ISBN 0-85052-511-X.
- Westlake, Ray (2010) Tracing the Rifle Volunteers, Barnsley: Pen and Sword, ISBN 978-1-84884-211-3.
External links
- Regimental museum
- Website for ex-members of the regiment
- The British Army– The Twentieth of Foot
- British Regimental Drums & Colours
- Regiments.org: Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth
- The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918
- Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail
- The Royal Artillery 1939–1945 Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- British Army units from 1945 on