Winchester
Winchester | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | WINCHESTER | |
Postcode district | SO22, SO23 | |
Dialling code | 01962 | |
Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight | |
Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight | |
Ambulance | South Central | |
UK Parliament | ||
Winchester (/ˈwɪntʃɪstər/, US also /-tʃɛs-/)[2][3] is a cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, at the western end of the South Downs National Park, on the River Itchen. It is 60 miles (97 km) south-west of London and 14 miles (23 km) from Southampton, its nearest city. At the 2021 census, the built-up area of Winchester had a population of 48,478. The wider City of Winchester district includes towns such as Alresford and Bishop's Waltham and had a population of 127,439 in 2021.[4] Winchester is the county town of Hampshire and contains the head offices of Hampshire County Council.
Winchester developed from the
The city's major landmark is Winchester Cathedral. The city is also home to the University of Winchester and Winchester College, the oldest public school in the United Kingdom still using its original buildings.
History
Prehistory
The area around Winchester has been inhabited since
The settlement became an important centre for the British Belgae tribe; however, it remains unclear how the Belgae came to control the initial settlement. Caesar recorded the tribe had crossed the channel as raiders (probably in the 1st century BCE), only to later establish themselves.[5] The Roman account of continental invaders has been challenged in recent years with scientific studies favouring a gradual change through increased trade links rather than migration.[6][7][8]
To the Celtic Britons, the settlement was likely known as Wentā or Venta (from a common Celtic word meaning "tribal town" or "meeting place").[9] An etymology connected with the Celtic word for "white" (Modern Welsh gwyn) has been suggested, due to Winchester's situation upon chalk.[10] It was the Latinised versions of this name, together with that of the tribe that gave the town its Roman name of Venta Belgarum.
Roman period
After the
Medieval period
Post-Roman Winchester
Despite the
Winchester appears in early
Between 476 and 517 AD, the town and surrounding areas seems to have been fortified by several Jutish settlements[18][19] [a] and to have operated as part of a larger polity.[20]
Kingdom of Wessex
The city became known as Wintanceaster ("Fort Venta") in
In the early 10th century there were two new ecclesiastical establishments: the convent of
The consensus among historians of Anglo-Saxon England is that the court was mobile in this period and there was no fixed capital.[24][25][26][27] Martin Biddle has suggested that Winchester was a centre for royal administration in the 7th and 8th centuries, but this is questioned by Barbara Yorke, who sees it as significant that the shire was named after Hamtun, the forerunner of Southampton.[28] However, Winchester is described by the historian Catherine Cubitt as "the premier city of the West Saxon kingdom"[29] and Janet Nelson describes London and Winchester as Alfred the Great's "proto-capitals".[30]
There was a fire in the city in 1141 during the Rout of Winchester. In the 14th century, William of Wykeham played a role in the city's restoration. As Bishop of Winchester he was responsible for much of the current structure of the cathedral, and he founded the still extant public school Winchester College. During the Middle Ages, the city was an important centre of the wool trade, before going into a slow decline.[citation needed] The curfew bell in the bell tower (near the clock in the picture), still sounds at 8:00 pm each evening.
Jews in Winchester
Jews lived in Winchester from at least 1148, and in the 13th century the Jewish community in the city was one of the most important in England. There was an
Modern period
The City Cross (also known as the
The city walls were originally built in the Roman period covering an area of around 138 acres (56 ha), and were rebuilt and expanded in sections over time. A large portion of the city walls, built on Roman foundations, were demolished in the 18th and 19th centuries as they fell into ruin and the gates became a barrier to traffic and a danger to pedestrians, with only a small portion of the original Roman wall itself surviving.[35][36] Of the six gates (North, South, East, West, Durn, and King's Gates), only the Kingsgate and Westgate survive, with sections of the walls remaining around the two gates and near the ruins of Wolvesey Castle.[37]
Three notable bronze sculptures can be seen in or from the High Street by major sculptors of the 19th and 20th centuries, the earliest a monumental statue of
The novelist Jane Austen died in Winchester on 18 July 1817 and is buried in the cathedral.[38] While staying in Winchester from mid-August to October 1819, the Romantic poet John Keats wrote "Isabella", "St. Agnes' Eve", "To Autumn", "Lamia" and parts of "Hyperion" and the five-act poetic tragedy "Otho The Great".[39]
In 2013, businesses involved in the housing market were reported by a local newspaper as saying that the city's architectural and historical interest, and its fast links to other towns and cities, had led Winchester to become one of the most expensive and desirable areas of the country and[who?] ranked Winchester as one of the least deprived areas in England and Wales.[40]
Geography
Winchester is situated on a bed of Cretaceous lower chalk with small areas of clay and loam soil, inset with combined clay and rich sources of fuller's earth.[citation needed]
Climate
As with the rest of the UK, Winchester experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). The nearest Met Office station is in Martyr Worthy, just outside the city.
Climate data for Martyr Worthy, Winchester (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
15.0 (58.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
1.4 (34.5) |
2.7 (36.9) |
4.2 (39.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
9.5 (49.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
1.9 (35.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 82 (3.2) |
58 (2.3) |
51 (2.0) |
51 (2.0) |
49 (1.9) |
45 (1.8) |
53 (2.1) |
58 (2.3) |
55 (2.2) |
86 (3.4) |
91 (3.6) |
76 (3.0) |
755 (29.8) |
Average rainy days | 13 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 124 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 57 | 80 | 116 | 168 | 200 | 191 | 201 | 186 | 147 | 108 | 70 | 50 | 1,574 |
Source: Met Office[41] |
Governance
From 1835 to 1974, Winchester was governed as a municipal borough of Hampshire.[42] Until 1902 the city's affairs were also administered partly by its parishes: St Lawrence, St Mary Kalendar, St Maurice, St Michael, St Peter Colebrook, St Swithin, St Thomas, St John, St Bartholomew Hyde, Milland, St Faith, and St Peter Cheesehill, and its extra-parochial areas: Cathedral Precincts, St Mary's College Precincts, St Cross Hospital Precinct, and Wolvesey.[43] Historically, the south of the city had come under the "Liberty of the Soke", and was thereby self-governing to a large extent.[44][45] Since 1974 the city has been governed as part of the wider City of Winchester district of Hampshire. The district has 16 electoral wards, Five of these cover the area of the city itself: St Barnabas, St Paul, St Luke, St Bartholomew, and St Michael;[46] they have three councillors each apart from St Luke, which is a two-member ward. For Hampshire County Council elections, the City of Winchester district is made up of 7 wards, with Winchester Westgate and Winchester Eastgate covering the city itself.
The current ward boundaries were adopted in 2016, when all seats were up for election. Since then, Winchester City Council elections take place in three out of every four years, with one third of the councillors elected in each election. From the 2006 election until the 2010 election the council was led by Conservatives.[47] In 2010 it was briefly controlled by the Liberal Democrats, before being controlled by the Conservatives again from 2011 until 2019, when the Liberal Democrats took control.
The Mayor of Winchester currently exists as a ceremonial role, but dates back at least as far as the late 12th century.[49] The mayoral term length is currently one year.
Landmarks
Cathedral
) once stood beside it. The cathedral has a girls choir and a boys choir, who sing regularly in the cathedral.Winchester Cathedral Close contains a number of historic buildings from the time when the cathedral was also a
The earliest
Entrance for pedestrians to the North
Wolvesey Castle and Palace
Castle
Winchester is well known for the Great Hall of
Hospital of St Cross
The
City museum
The City Museum, located on the corner of Great Minster Street and The Square, contains much information on the history of Winchester. Early examples of
Other buildings
Other historic buildings include the
Castle Hill is the location of the Council Chamber for Hampshire County Council.[58]
Between Jewry Street and St Peter's Street is
The old Victorian Corn Exchange is now used as a cultural hub.[60]
Painted bollards
A series of 24 bollards on the corner of Great Minster Street and The Square were painted in the style of famous artists, or with topical scenes, by The Colour Factory between 2005 and 2012 at the behest of Winchester City Council.(51°03′43″N 1°18′55″W / 51.062°N 1.31525°W)
Education
State-funded schools
Primary schools
Winchester has a variety of Church of England primary schools, including both state and private provision schools. St Peters Catholic Primary School had the highest SATS results, after achieving a perfect score of 300 in 2011.[61]
Secondary schools
There are four state comprehensive secondary schools in Winchester; the Henry Beaufort School, Kings' School Winchester, and The Westgate School are all situated in the city. A fourth state school, the Osborne School, a community special school is also located in Winchester.[62]
Independent schools
Independent junior/preparatory schools are
Special schools
Tertiary, further and higher education
The University of Winchester (formerly King Alfred's College) is a public university based in Winchester and the surrounding area. It is ranked 10th for teaching excellence in The Times and The Sunday Times 2016 Good University Guide, with a 92% rating, and fourth for student satisfaction in England in the National Student Survey 2015.[66] The university origins go back as far as 1840, originally as a Diocesan teacher training centre. King Alfred's, the main campus, is located on a purpose-built campus near the city centre. The West Downs campus is a short walk away, and houses student facilities and accommodation and the business school.[67]
The Winchester School of Art was founded in the 1860s as an independent institution and is now a school of the University of Southampton. The School of Art is complemented by the University of Southampton's Erasmus Park student accommodation in Winnall.[68][69]
Peter Symonds College is a college that serves Winchester. It began as a Grammar school for boys in 1897, and became a co-educational sixth-form college in 1974.[70]
Sport
Winchester has
Winchester City Flyers are a girls and women's football club[72] established in 1996 with nearly 200 members, playing from U9 to ladies football. They play in the Southern Region Women's Football League.[73]
The St Cross Symondians Cricket Club is one of the first cricket clubs in Hampshire, and, with 5 men's sides, 2 women's sides, a successful junior's side, and weekend sides, is one of the largest as well.
Winchester has a rugby union team, Winchester RFC, and an athletics club, Winchester and District AC. The city has a field hockey club, Winchester Hockey Club.[74]
Lawn bowls is played at several clubs. The oldest bowling green belongs to Friary Bowling Club (first used in 1820),[75] while the oldest bowls club is Hyde Abbey Bowling Club (established in 1812).[76] Riverside Indoor Bowling Club remains open during the winter months.
There are three 18-hole
Winchester College invented and gave its name to Winchester College football.[78]
Transport
Road
Winchester is located near the
Roman road
A
Bus services
Local, rural and Park and Ride bus services are provided by Stagecoach South, who run to Andover, Alton, Basingstoke, Petersfield, Romsey and Fareham. Bluestar provide services to Eastleigh and Southampton. Many services are subsidised by Hampshire County Council and community transport schemes are available in areas without a regular bus service.[80] National Express coaches provide services mainly to Bournemouth, Poole, Portsmouth and London.
Megabus also provide long-distance services.[81]
Community Transport Schemes
Three different community transport schemes are on offer by Winchester City Council, those offerings are as follows:
- Dial-A-Ride - A service available from 8:45 am to 4:30 pm within the Winchester City Council district for those with a mobility or sensory impairment that would make it uncomfortable or impossible to ride in a taxi or bus. The minibuses the service use are fully wheelchair accessible and do not require that you be registered as disabled.[82]
- Voluntary Car-Share - These schemes are not exclusive to Winchester area, with many such schemes being offered throughout Hampshire and indeed the UK. This is where a group of volunteer drivers with their own vehicles offer transport to people in their area that're in need such as the vulnerable, those with low incomes (to provide an alternative to expensive taxi fares) or taking people to medical appointments when they otherwise couldn't get there themselves. [83]
- Wheels to Work - A scheme for use across Hampshire which is designed to allow people without access to public or private transport to find work, to go to vocational trainings or to attend interviews. The scheme offers a moped (50cc, 110cc or electric) on loan to those 16-25 for anywhere from 3-12 months depending on one's circumstances. The scheme requires that the individual already hold a provisional drivers license and have passed their Compulsory Basic Training (which the scheme also offers to cover the cost for should the individual not have passed yet).[84]
Rail
Law courts
Winchester Combined Court Centre hosts both the
Winchester has a separate district probate registry, which is part of the High Court.[86] This court is separate from the main court establishment at the top of Winchester High Street and deals only with probate matters.
There is a heavily populated Victorian prison,
Media and culture
Since 1974 Winchester has hosted the annual Hat Fair, a celebration of street theatre that includes performances, workshops, and gatherings at several venues around the city.[citation needed]
Winchester is the home of Blue Apple Theatre, a theatre company that supports performers with learning disabilities to develop theatre, dance and film productions. It won the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service in 2012.[88][89] Founded in 1997, Platform 4 is a National performance and visual arts company based in Winchester.[90]
Winchester hosts one of the UK's larger farmers' markets, with about 100 stalls. The market takes place on the second and last Sunday of the month in the city centre. The city also hosts the annual Winchester Cathedral Christmas Market, which runs from mid-November to just before Christmas.[91]
Four newspapers are published for Winchester. The weekly paid-for Hampshire Chronicle, which started out in 1772 reporting national and international news, now concentrates on Winchester and the surrounding area. The Southern Daily Echo mostly concerns Southampton, but does also feature Winchester. It has an office shared with sister paper the Hampshire Chronicle. The Mid-Hants Observer is a free, weekly independent paper for Winchester and nearby villages. Its sister paper, the weekly Hampshire Independent, which covers the whole county, is also based in Winchester. The free Winchester News Extra closed in 2017. Winchester had its own radio station, Win FM, from October 1999 to October 2007.[citation needed]
In October 2006, the Channel 4 television programme The Best And Worst Places To Live In The UK, the city was celebrated as the "Best Place in the UK to Live in: 2006".[40] In March 2016, Winchester was named as the best place to live in Britain by the "Sunday Times Best Places To Live" guide.[92]
International relations
Winchester is twinned with:[93]
The
Winchester, Virginia, is named after the English city, whose Mayor has a standing invitation to be a part of the American city's Shenandoah Apple Blossom Festival. Winchester also gave its name (Frenchified to Bicêtre) to a suburb of Paris, from a manor built there by John of Pontoise, Bishop of Winchester, at the end of the 13th century. It is now the commune of Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.
See also
Notes
- ^ At Kings Worthy, Abbots Worthy, Martyrs Worthy, Itchen Abbas and Itchen Stoke.
References
- ^ ONS census 2021
- ^ "Definition of 'Winchester'". Collins English Dictionary.
- ^ "Winchester". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
- ^ "How the population changed in Winchester, Census 2021 - ONS". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ 5.2
- ^ Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 2.4
- ^ Cunliffe, Barry W., Iron Age Communities in Britain, Fourth Edition: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC, Until the Roman Conquest, near Figure 1.4, 2012 (4th edition), Routledge, [1] google preview, with no page numbers]
- ^ Sheppard Frere, Britannia: a History of Roman Britain, third edition, Pimlico, 1987; John Creighton, Coins and power in Late Iron Age Britain, Cambridge University Press, 2000
- ^ Matasović, Ranko. "wentā" in the Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic at Indo-European Etymological Dictionaries Online. Brill Online, 2014. Accessed 24 July 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ISBN 978-1354701065. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Cunliffe B. Wessex to AD 1000 1997
- ^ "Winchester". Historic-uk.com. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ a b "Major Roman Settlements". British towns. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^ "PJO archaeology". Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ "A History of Winchester". Localhistories.org. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ Nennius (attrib.). Theodor Mommsen (ed.). Historia Brittonum, VI. Composed after AD 830. (in Latin) Hosted at Latin Wikisource.
- ^ Ford, David Nash. "The 28 Cities of Britain Archived 15 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine" at Britannia. 2000.
- ^ The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Worthy Park, Kingsworthy, Near Winchester, Hampshire (Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph, 59). Hawkes, Sonia Chadwick (2003).
- ^ Two Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries at Winnall, Winchester, Hampshire. Meaney, Audrey Lillian and Hawkes, Sonia Chadwick. (Society for Medieval Archaeology, 1970).
- ^ An Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Twyford, Near Winchester. Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging. Proc. Hampshire Field Club Archaeol. Soc. 66, 2011, 75-126 (Hampshire Studies 2011).
- ^ "Wintan-ceaster". Anglo Saxon Dictionary. Bosworth-Toller. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- required)
- ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- ISBN 978-0-300-12535-1.
- ISBN 978-1-3501-3568-0.
- ISBN 978-1-78925-623-9. "Contrary to popular belief, though, Winchester has never been a 'capital' of England, or even of Winchester".)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link - ISSN 0142-8950.
- ISBN 978-1-118-42513-8.
- ISBN 978-0-9522119-9-0.
- ^ "The Jewish Community of Winchester". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- ^ "The Buttercross, Winchester". City of Winchester. 1998. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
- Yonge, Charlotte M. (1898). "Chapter 8: Old Otterbourne". John Keble's Parishes. Online literature. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
- ^ Historic England. "City Cross or 'Butter Cross', Winchester (1002938)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
- Hampshire Field Club: 51–81, archived(PDF) from the original on 10 October 2022
- ^ Hallen, David W (1 February 2016). "Buried in time – Roman walls and Medieval gates". Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ "Winchester Castle and Town Walls | South East | Castles, Forts and Battles". www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ "Jane Austen 'died from arsenic poisoning'". The Guardian. 14 November 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^ "John Keats – autumnal idealist or trenchant social commentator?". The Guardian. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^ a b "Winchester hits top ten list of places to live in the UK". Hampshire Chronicle. 26 December 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^ "Winchester, Hampshire climate tables". Met Office.
- ^ "Winchester: Introduction - British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
- ^ "Winchester MB through time". www.visionofbritain.org.uk.
- ^ "Winchester: The soke - British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
- ^ "Winchester Soke/Liberty through time". www.visionofbritain.org.uk.
- ^ "Winchester City Council Ward Map". Winchester City Council.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Winchester". BBC News. 19 April 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ Andrew Napier (May 2010). "Tories sweep in but lose control of city council". Hampshire Chronicle. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
- ^ "History of the Mayor". Winchester City Council. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- ^ a b Dodson, Aidan (2004). The Royal Tombs of Great Britain. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co.
- ^ Hampshire Churches, Margaret Green, Winton Pubs. Ltd. 1967. Page 90.
- ^ "Winchester's Military Museums". Winchester's Military Museums. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- ^ "MOD Training and Education". MOD Training. Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ^ "The City Museum, Winchester". City of Winchester. 1998. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
- ^ "Winchester City Museum". Hampshire Cultural Trust. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ "Hampshire and Winchester museums and art leased to trust". BBC News. 1 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ a b "History of Winchester Guildhall". Winchester Museum Collection. Retrieved 18 June 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Map" (PDF). Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Winchester (The Milner Hall) - St Peter Archived 16 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine from English Heritage, retrieved 16 July 2018
- ^ Historic England. "Winchester Library (1095414)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ "Primary Schools (KS1 and 2)". Hampshire Chronicle. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- ^ "Osborne School: Our Visions & Values". Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
- ^ "Twyford School". Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ "Winchester College Guise". Winchester College. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- ^ "Winchester College grades". Winchester College. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
- ^ "The University of Winchester - The Student Room". www.thestudentroom.co.uk.
- ^ "Our Campuses". Winchester.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ "Winchester School of Art". University of Southampton. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
- ^ "Erasmus Park". University of Southampton. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
- ^ "Add citation". Archived from the original on 5 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ "Winchester Walking Football Club". WWFC. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ Hampshire Chronicle Staff (30 November 2020). "Three Winchester City Flyers called up to Hampshire Schools". Hampshire Chronicle.
- ^ "Southern Region Women's Football League Premier Table 2020-21". Retrieved 10 December 2020.
- ^ "Winchester Hockey Club". Winchesterhc.co.uk. 14 April 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Harold Thomas. The Friary Bowling Club 1820–1970.
- ^ "Bowled over by support from mayors". Hampshire Chronicle. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ^ "South Winchester Golf Club". Retrieved 10 December 2020.
- ^ "Arcane public school games explained: Anyone for Rugby Fives, The Field Game or Winkies?". The Independent. 29 August 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ "The Clarendon Way". Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
- ^ "Public and Community Transport". Winchester City Council. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Winchester Bus & Train Travel Times". Hampshire County Council. 2011.
- ^ "Connect Dial-a-Ride Winchester". Community First. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ "How to set up a voluntary car scheme". Hampshire County Council. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ "Wheels to Work Scheme". Hampshire County Council. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ "Rosemary West". 29 June 2017.
- ^ "The Probate Service - Registries". Her Majesty's Courts Service. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
- ^ "Under-fire jail criticised again". bbc.co.uk. 5 April 2005. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "Blue Apple Theatre Honored with Queen's Award for Voluntary Service 2012". Westend.broadwayworld.com. 23 June 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ "Blue Apple Theatre to take Hamlet on the road (From Hampshire Chronicle)". Hampshirechronicle.co.uk. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
- ^ "Welcome". Platform 4. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
- ^ Rudland, Frankie (6 August 2022). "Dates confirmed for Winchester Cathedral Christmas Market". Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ "Winchester named best place to live in Britain". Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ^ a b c "Twin Towns in Hampshire". Www3.hants.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "Home". Winchestertwinning.org.uk. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ^ "Gießen: Städtepartnerschaften" [Giessen: Twin towns] (in German). Stadt Gießen. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.