819 line
819-line was an
History
When Europe resumed TV transmissions after World War II (i.e. in the late 1940s and early 1950s) most countries standardized on 625-line television systems. The two exceptions were the British 405-line system, which had already been introduced in 1936, and the French 819-line system. During the 1940s René Barthélemy had already reached 1,015 lines[1] and even 1,042 lines.
On November 20, 1948, François Mitterrand, the then Secretary of State for Information, decreed a broadcast standard of 819 lines developed by Henri de France;[1][4] broadcasting began at the end of 1949 in this higher definition format. It was used in France by TF1, and in Monaco by Tele Monte Carlo.[5][6]
Some 819-line TV sets were available, like the Grammont 504-A-31 from 1951[7] and the Philips 14TX100 multi-standard 625/819-line TV from 1952[8][9]
The system was also adopted (with limited bandwidth, affecting image resolution) in 1953 in Belgium
Broadcasts were discontinued in Belgium in February 1968, and in Luxembourg in September 1971. Despite some attempts to create a color SECAM version of the 819-line system,[1] France gradually abandoned the system in favor of the Europe-wide standard of 625-lines with the final 819-line transmissions taking place in Paris from the Eiffel Tower on 19 July 1983.[11]
Tele Monte Carlo in Monaco were the last broadcasters to transmit 819-line television, closing down their transmitter in 1985.
Technical details
This was arguably the world's first
The
Field frequency | Active picture | Field blanking | No. of broad pulses | Broad pulse width | Line frequency | Front porch | Line sync | Back porch | Active line time | Video/syncs ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 Hz | 737 lines | 41 lines | 1 per field | 20.0 μs | 20475 Hz | 0.5 μs | 2.5 μs | 5.0 μs | 40.8 μs | 70/30 |
819-lines were broadcast using two CCIR systems, System E and System F.
CCIR System | Lines | Frame rate | Channel bandwidth
(MHz) |
Visual bandwidth (MHz) | Sound carrier offset | Vestigial sideband | Vision mod. | Sound mod. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E | 819 | 25 | 14 | 10 | ±11.15 (+ on odd numbered channels; − on even numbered channels) | 2.00 | Pos. | AM |
F
|
819 | 25 | 7 | 5 | +5.5 | 0.75 | Pos. | AM |
System E
System E television channels were arranged as follows:
Ch | picture (MHz) | sound (MHz) |
---|---|---|
F2 | 52.40 | 41.25 |
F4 | 65.55 | 54.40 |
F5 | 164.00 | 175.15 |
F6 | 173.40 | 162.25 |
F7 | 177.15 | 188.30 |
F8 | 186.55 | 175.40 |
F8a | 185.25 | 174.10 |
F9 | 190.30 | 201.45 |
F10 | 199.70 | 188.55 |
F11 | 203.45 | 214.60 |
F12 | 212.85 | 201.70 |
System F
Between 1976 and 1981 when French channel TF1 was switching area by area to the new analog 625-lines UHF network with SECAM colour, some transmitters and gapfillers broadcast the 819-line signal in UHF.[17] When switching to 625-lines, most gapfillers did not change UHF channel (e.g. many gapfillers using this transmission located in French Alps near Grenoble, Mont Salève and Geneva began broadcasting on UHF channel 42, and continue to use this frequency to this day). They were switched to 625-lines in June 1981.
Countries and territories that used the 819-line system
This is a list of nations that used the 819-line system for television broadcasting:
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Stout, Andy (2020). "France had a national HD TV system as far back as 1949". RedShark.
- ^ doi:10.5594/J14437– via IEEE Xplore.
- ^ a b c d e BIRKINSHAW, DOUGLAS C (February 19, 2021). "New television standards: effect on British television". Transdiffusion.
- ^ a b c "Chronologie: Télévision". KronoBase la chronologie universelle.
- ^ a b "Une bénédiction et une visite princière inaugurent Télé Monte-Carlo". Les radios au temps de la TSF. October 28, 2019.
- ^ ISBN 9782259238137– via Google Books.
- ^ "Postwar British/European Grammont 504-A-31". Early Television Museum.
- ^ "Postwar British/European Philips 14TX100". Early Television Museum.
- ^ Philips 14TX100A Service Manual (PDF). Philips.
- ^ a b MICHEL-DROIT (May 17, 1955). "Télé-Luxembourg a fait du nord-est de la France la région-témoin de la concurrence en matière de télévision". Le Monde.
- ^ Rozat, Pascal (October 14, 2022). "Histoire de la télévision : une exception française ?". La Revue des Médias.
- ^ Report 308-2 of the XIIth Pleniary Assembly of the CCIR – Characteristics of Monochrome Television Systems
- ^ "Test card of the RTF with the horses of Marly". Getty Images.
- ^ "Rétrospective : la mire à la télévision (1953 – 2002)". VivelaPub. January 5, 2012.
- ^ "Vertical Blanking Interval of French and Belgian 819-Line Standards" (PDF). www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ Russell, Richard (2005). "Colour Test Card Generator - Introduction and specification". R. T. RUSSELL The home of BBC BASIC.
- ^ TDF:situation des émetteurs au 31 December 1980
See also
- CCIR System E
- CCIR System F