Abram Hewitt

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Abram Stevens Hewitt
William H. Barnum
Personal details
Born
Abram Stevens Hewitt

(1822-07-31)July 31, 1822
Columbia College
Signature

Abram Stevens Hewitt (July 31, 1822 – January 18, 1903) was an American politician, educator,

industrialist, and lawyer who was mayor of New York City for two years from 1887 to 1888. He also twice served as a U.S. Congressman from New York's 10th and chaired the Democratic National Committee
from 1876 to 1877.

The son-in-law of the industrialist and philanthropist Peter Cooper, Hewitt is best known for his work with the Cooper Union, which he aided Cooper in founding in 1859, and for planning the financing and construction of the first line of what would eventually develop into the New York City Subway, for which he is considered the "Father of the New York City Subway System".[1]

Early life

Hewitt was born in

Huguenot descent, while his father, John Hewitt, was from Staffordshire in England and had emigrated to the U.S. in 1796 to work on a steam engine to power a water plant in Philadelphia
.

Hewitt earned a scholarship to attend

Columbia College. After graduating from the college in 1842, he taught mathematics there, and became a lawyer several years later.[when?
]

From 1843 to 1844, Hewitt traveled to Europe with his student, Edward Cooper, the son of industrialist entrepreneur Peter Cooper, and another future New York City mayor. During their return voyage, the pair were shipwrecked together. After this, Hewitt became "virtually a member of the Cooper family", and in 1855 married Edward's sister, Sarah Amelia.[2][3]

Corporate career

Hewitt between 1855 and 1865

In 1845, financed by Peter Cooper, Hewitt and Edward Cooper started an iron mill in

weasel words
]

Hewitt supervised the construction of the Cooper Union, Peter Cooper's free educational institution, and chaired its board of trustees until 1903.[4]

Political career

Artists' conception, by Currier and Ives, of the bridge while construction was underway, 1872

In 1871, inspired by reformer Samuel J. Tilden, Cooper prominently campaigned to remove the corrupt "Tweed Ring", led by William M. "Boss" Tweed, from control of Tammany Hall, and to reorganize the Democratic Party in New York, which Tweed controlled for years through his political machine. Hewitt first ventured into electoral politics in 1874, when he won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he initially served two terms representing New York's 10th congressional district, from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1879. During his first stint in Congress, he was made head of the Democratic National Committee in 1876, when Tilden ran unsuccessfully for President.[4]

After defeating

1880 elections, Hewitt regained his old seat and once again served in the U.S. House from 4 March 1881 to 30 December 1886.[citation needed] Hewitt's most famous speech was made at the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge between Manhattan and Brooklyn in 1883.[5]

Hewitt was elected mayor of New York City in 1886. He defeated the labor candidate Henry George as well as the Republican candidate Theodore Roosevelt. Hewitt's election campaign had the support of Tammany Hall. The endorsement was formal and included organizational muscle.[6]

Hewitt refused to review the Saint Patrick's Day parade, a decision that alienated much of the Democratic Party's Irish–American base in the city. Hewitt also refused to allow Tammany the control of patronage they wanted,[4] and Croker saw to it that Hewitt was not nominated for a second term.[7]

Hewitt was considered a defender of sound financial management. He is quoted as saying "Unnecessary taxation is unjust taxation". Hewitt also upheld the civil service reform in the United States. He developed a plan to fund and construct the New York City Subway system.[citation needed]

A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the

University of Illinois at Chicago ranked Hewitt as the twenty-sixth-best American big-city mayor to have served between the years 1820 and 1993.[8]

Entrepreneurial career

Hewitt had many investments in natural resources, including considerable holdings in

Standard Oil Trust
, and a major developer of natural resources.

One of Hewitt's investments handled by Rogers and Page was the Loup Creek Estate in

short line railroad was eventually expanded to extend all the way into Virginia and across that state to a new coal pier at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads. It was renamed the Virginian Railway.[citation needed
]

In 1890 Hewitt partnered with Edward Cooper and Hamilton McKown Twombly in forming the American Sulphur Company, which then entered into a 50/50 agreement with Herman Frasch and his partners to form the Union Sulphur Company.[9]

Philanthropy

As philanthropist Hewitt was interested in education.

LL.D.
in 1887, and he was the president of its alumni association in 1883, and a trustee from 1901 until his death.

In 1876, he was elected president of the

Carnegie Institution of Science. He was also a trustee of Barnard College and of the American Museum of Natural History.[5]

Death and family

Ringwood Manor

Abram Hewitt died at his New York City home on January 18, 1903, and was interred at Green-Wood Cemetery. His last words, after he took his oxygen tube from his mouth, were "And now, I am officially dead."[10]

Hewitt's daughters, Amy, Eleanor, and Sarah Hewitt, built a decorative arts collection that was for years exhibited at the Cooper Union and later became the core collection of the

Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum. His son, Peter Cooper Hewitt
(1861–1921), was a successful inventor, while another son, Edward Ringwood Hewitt (1865–1957), was also an inventor, a chemist and an early expert on fly-fishing. He published Telling on the Trout, among other books.

Hewitt's youngest son, Erskine Hewitt (1871–1938), was also a lawyer and philanthropist in New York City. He donated

National Reserve Bank of the City of New York.[11] On March 2, 1909, Hewitt was elected chairman.[12]

Legacy

Abram Hewitt Memorial Building of Cooper Union in Cooper Square, Manhattan
The fireboat Abram S. Hewitt in 1903

References

  1. ^ "The Great Subway". The Week's Progress. New York, NY: The Wilson Company. October 8, 1904. p. 321 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ The Dictionary of American National Biography, Oxford University Press, (2000)
  3. ^ "Cooper Hewitt Family at Ringwood Manor"
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2
    ., p.594
  5. ^ a b Chisholm 1911.
  6. ISBN 9780199837014
    .
  7. ISBN 0-195-11634-8
    .
  8. ISBN 0271018763
    .
  9. ^ Haynes, Williams (1959). Brimstone, The Stone That Burns. Princeton: D. Van Norstrand Company, Inc. pp. 32–39, 60.
  10. Newspapers.com
    .
  11. ^ "Oriental Bank Merged", The New York Times, Charleston, West Virginia, p. 6, February 19, 1909, retrieved April 20, 2022 – via Newspapers.com
  12. ^ "Allison Heads Bank Merger", The New York Times, p. 16, March 3, 1909, retrieved April 20, 2022 – via Newspapers.com
  13. ^ "The Cooper Union Builds". Archived from the original on September 7, 2006. Retrieved September 1, 2006.
  14. ^ "NJDEP - New Jersey State Park Service".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abram Stevens Hewitt.
Wikisource has original works by or about:
Abram Stevens Hewitt
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 10th congressional district
1875-03-04 – 1879-03-03 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 10th congressional district
1881-03-04 – 1886-12-30 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of New York City
1887–1888 		Succeeded by
Hugh L. Grant
Business positions
Preceded by President of Cooper Union
1898–1903 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abram_Hewitt&oldid=1218626182"