Adnyamathanha

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Adnyamathanha
Total population
Unknown (110 recorded[
traditional beliefs[citation needed
]

The Adnyamathanha (Pronounced:

Barngarla
peoples. The origin of the name is in the words "adnya" ("rock") and "matha" ("group" or "group of people").

Adnyamathanha is also used to refer to their traditional language, although Adnyamathanha people themselves call their language "yura ngarwala" (roughly translated as "our speech") and refer to themselves as "yura".

There is a community of Adnyamathanha people at

Nantawarrina IPA, the first Indigenous Protected Area
in Australia, since 1998.

Country

According to

Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and northwards over the Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park.[1] One Adnyamathanha account describes their lands as "from the Northern Flinders south to Port Augusta and as far east as Broken Hill".[2] Norman Tindale estimated the ancestral country to cover approximately 3,000 square miles (7,800 km2) .[3]

On the northern edges of the Adnyamathanha tribal lands are the

Barngarla (also sometimes included in the Adnyamathanya group[2]), Nukunu, and Ngadjuri. To the east are the Malyangapa
.

On 30 March 2009, the Adnyamathanha people were recognised by the Federal Court of Australia as having native title rights over about 41,000 square kilometres (16,000 sq mi) running east from the edge of Lake Torrens, through the northern Flinders Ranges, approaching the South Australian border with New South Wales.[citation needed]

flora and fauna since then.[4]

In 2016,

Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park was renamed from Flinders Ranges National Park in recognition of its Adnyamathanha heritage. The word ikara means "meeting place" in Adnyamathanha language, and refers in this instance to Wilpena Pound (situated within the park), a traditional meeting place of the Adnyamathanha people.[5]

People

The ethnonym Adnyamathanha was, according to Tindale, an alternative name for the

Pangkala (Barngarla) peoples.[2]

The name Adnyamathanha means "rock people", with "adnya" meaning "rock" and "matha", a "group" or "group of people", in the Adnyamathanha language,[2] and is a term referring to the Lakes Culture societies living in that area. They share common ancestral bonds of language and culture, they call Yura Muda. Adnyamathanha people often[further explanation needed] refer to themselves as "yura", and non-Aboriginal people as "udnyu".[citation needed]

Language

Main article: Adnyamathanha language

Adnyamathanha is a member of the Thura-Yura language family and the only one which still has fluent native speakers.[8]

Mythology and astronomy

Further information:
Aboriginal Australian astronomy

Traditional mythology of the origins of the Adnyamathanha is told through

rainbow serpent is, among them, known as akurra.[10]

The Pleiades (Seven Sisters) are known to them as the Makara, seen as a group of marsupial-like women with pouches, while the Magellanic Clouds are known as Vutha Varkla, seen as two male lawmen also known as the Vaalnapa.[10][11]

Traditionally, the Adnyamathanha bear strong respect for lizards such as geckoes and goannas. This is explained in myth as the cannibal sun goddess Bila having been defeated by the Lizard Men Kudnu and Muda.[12]

History of contact

See also:
Nepabunna Mission

Pastoralist from the British colonies reached Adnyamathanha lands prior to 1850. In 1851, the first colonial leases were granted for colonists to settle some of the area. One recent account claims this led to many conflicts[

better source needed] Aboriginal people stole sheep, which in turn led to retaliatory killings.[verification needed] Contrary to this account, Adnyamathanha people soon became stockmen and housekeepers [9] and Adnyamathanha people adopted western dress and ways by the 1900s.[7]

Some Adnyamathanha retained strong links to their language and culture and would gather at the campsite and

Nepabunna Mission was established by the United Aborigines Mission in 1931, most of the residents of Ram Paddock moved there.[7] Some Nepabunna Mission residents worked at R. M. Williams's workshop nearby, where Williams developed his trademark boots and horse-riding equipment, helping to build his business in the first two years of its existence.[13]
In 2011, on the 80th anniversary of the establishment of Nepabunna, there were a few people alive who had been born when it was a mission, the eldest being Ronald Coulthard, then aged 80.

Records of culture

A

sound and film recordings gathered by him from and about the people.[7][15]

Exhibition

An exhibition entitled "Unsettled: Colonial Ruin in the Flinders Ranges", described as "a critical examination of settler-colonial nostalgia in the Flinders Ranges, within an artistic context", was mounted by the State Library of South Australia in partnership with the Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association in March–May 2017.[16] It included many photographs taken by Mountford on the 1937 and subsequent trips to the Flinders. The photos were complemented by story-telling by descendants of the people represented, including Terrence Coulthard (see Notable people, below).[17]

Coulthard design flag

In 2011, a flag was created by Vince Coulthard[who?] and has been mistakenly claimed to be the flag of the Adnyamathanha peoples but was only adopted[further explanation needed] by the Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association.[18] The flag was raised at Nepabunna on the 80th anniversary of its establishment.[19]

Notable people

Adam Goodes
  • Faith Thomas AM (née Coulthard; 1933 – 15 April 2023) was an Australian cricketer and hockey player.[29] She was also a nurse in regional South Australia. Thomas is known for being the first Indigenous woman to represent Australia in any sport as well as her distinguished service to the Australian Indigenous community.

See also

Notes

Citations

  1. ^ Horton 1996.
  2. ^ a b c d Nepabunna.
  3. ^ Tindale 1974.
  4. ^ NIGA: first IPA 2018.
  5. ^ Dulaney, Bennett & Brown 2016.
  6. ^ Tindale 1974, p. 219.
  7. ^ a b c d e Nepabunna, 1937-39 2009.
  8. ^ Clendon 2015, p. 7.
  9. ^ a b Flinders Ranges National Park 2007.
  10. ^ a b Beckett & Hercus 2009, p. 17.
  11. ^ Curnow 2009.
  12. ISBN 9780520248472
    .
  13. ^ Marsh, Walter (1 May 2021). "Sole of a nation". The Monthly. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  14. ^ AMotW: M-S Collection.
  15. ^ SLoSA: M-S Collection.
  16. ^ Cooke & Morgain 2019, pp. 218–235.
  17. ^ Robinson 2017.
  18. ISBN 978-1461409281
  19. ^ Gage 2011.
  20. ^ Twitter.
  21. ^ McLoughlin 2016.
  22. ^ Young Australian of the Year 2012.
  23. ^ a b NMoA.
  24. ^ ACF 2016.
  25. ^ Arrarru Mathari Artu Mathanha National Museums Scotland. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  26. ^ Juanella McKenzie shines at TAFE NSW Gili Awards TAFE NSW. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  27. ^ Keen, Suzie (22 April 2021). "2021 Ramsay Art Prize finalists announced". InDaily. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  28. ^ Skujins 2020.
  29. ^ "Vale Aunty Faith Thomas". Cricket SA. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

Sources

Further reading

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