Adolf von Deines

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with his similarly named second cousin, Artillery General Gustav Adolf von Deines.

Adolf von Deines
Hesse-Nassau, Kingdom of Prussia
Allegiance
Branch
Service years1867–1906
Rank General of the Cavalry
Commands held
Conflict
Spouse(s)
Katharina Helene Margarete Elsa Freiin von Falkenhausen
​
​
(m. 1898)​

Johann Georg Adolf

sons
. In this capacity, Deines oversaw the complete reconstruction of the system in which the princes were educated, shifting from a court-based theoretical system of education to a hands-on, physical style of learning that brought the princes into close contact with boys of varying rank in order to give them a well-rounded understanding of the world, removed from the strictures and pretenses of traditional royal education.

Life

Early life and family

Coat of arms of the Ritters von Deines

Deines was born on May 30, 1845, in

City Council in 1876, Ludwig served on the Kreistag Hanau, or District Council, until he retired from public duties in 1891.[5] Deines's paternal grandfather was Johann Michael Deines [de] (von Deines after 1847).[2] Through his grandfather, Deines was a descendant of Maria Pachelbel, sister of the organist and composer Johann Pachelbel.[6]

Deines's mother Emilie was also his father's first cousin; her mother was Susanne Deines, sister of Johann Michael.

finance minister Karl Ledderhose.[9] The surgeon Georg Ledderhose, who first discovered glucosamine, was his first cousin.[10]

Education

Deines's early education took place in Hanau, after which he transferred to the

Prussian army as a one-year volunteer, and on July 6, 1869, he was promoted to second lieutenant.[12] Deines acquitted himself well as both a soldier and a horseman, but his father refused his request to pursue a military career, so upon graduation from university, he took up a position managing a large noble estate in Schmograu, Lower Silesia.[13]

Military career

Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville
(1881)

At the outbreak of the

lance-corporal) Bernhard von Bülow, who would remain a lifelong friend.[15] On December 18, 1870, he was awarded the Iron Cross, Second Class.[12] After the end of the conflict, his father wanted him to return and help him manage the family's estates, but Deines sought the intervention of Generalfeldmarschall Freiherr von Loë, whose enthusiastic support helped Deines convince his father to allow him to pursue a career in the military.[13]

Deines remained a commissioned officer of the 7th Hussars, rising to the rank of

the Parthenon and Troy, which was being excavated by Heinrich Schliemann at the time.[13]

Political career

Politically, Deines was at odds with the group around Privy Councilor

Brigadier-General Sir Douglas Dawson, who would reminisce fondly of their friendship in his own memoirs, despite the estrangement of their nations following two great wars.[27]

The Morier Affair

Shortly after his tenure in Madrid, Deines became embroiled in a diplomatic scandal involving

St. Petersburg. His pro-Russian leanings caused great mistrust not only among his former colleagues in Germany, but in Britain as well, given the strong connection between the two nations politically and dynastically. In 1886, German diplomats had circulated rumors that Morier had publicly exclaimed that "[the] Queen was an old fool;" which greatly increased official distrust in him and led to her Majesty demanding his replacement as ambassador, but due to the lack of suitable replacements, and the lack of evidence to support the accusation, the government did nothing. This previous incident gave credence to the fact that the German press had fabricated the accusations against Morier, leading to the eventual dismissal of any proceedings.[30]

The Prinzenschule

Kaiser Wilhelm II

In 1890, Deines was promoted to the rank of Oberstleutnant, and in 1892, to Oberst. In October 1894, while retaining his position as aide-de-camp, Deines was recalled from Vienna to Berlin to act as Obergouverneur, or the individual in charge of the education of the emperor's sons.[31] Deines was one of few university-educated commoners in the upper echelons of the military, which distinction made him perfect to instruct the young princes.[32] He was also known to be disdainful of the sycophantic and overweening nature of most courtiers, whom he once described as "larvae."[33] Life at court in Berlin was seen as detrimental to the 'proper formation' of the princes, and it was believed that if they undertook their education away from the influences of court, they would grow to be better princes and better politicians.[32] To achieve this end, a former summer residence at Plön was converted to a boarding school, the Prinzenhaus, or Princes' House. The town of Plön in Schleswig-Holstein was chosen, in part, to soften the blow to the Empress Augusta Victoria, because it was located in her ancestral homeland, and so while the children were apart from her, they were at least in a place she knew and loved.[34] Here, Deines undertook the education of the Emperor's oldest sons, Crown Prince Wilhelm, Prince Eitel Friederich, and Prince Adalbert (with their younger brothers following them in the decade to come).[34] At Plön, the princes were given all of the instruction typical of boys at the time, including history, geography, elocution, religion, mathematics, and the sciences; Deines even had a chemistry laboratory built into the basement of the Prinzenhaus.[35][36]

In addition to their education, the students, which included not only the princes, but also students from the nearby cadet training academy hand-chosen by Deines himself, were expected to excel at

horsemanship, gymnastics, swimming, rowing, and overall physical fitness.[37] The grounds were also furnished with a working farm, so that the students could gain some small insight into the lives of their still largely rural subjects. Ernst von Dryander, the instructor in religion at the school, described their training thusly: "A Prussian prince should and must learn more than others. Not only that ours had to pass a regular final exam in a Realschule of the first order; they had to speak English and French fluently, control their horse like a cavalry soldier and ride through the countryside map in hand."[34] Deines is generally seen as successful in the acquittal of this duty, particularly in exposing the boys to military cadets their own age from different social backgrounds. This was despite a noted tension between him and the boys' mother, the Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, who Deines once referred to as "...a nervously ill woman and an unreasonably anxious mother who, despite many excellent qualities, hurts at least as much as she helps."[38] In one particular memorandum, von Deines wrote "a crown prince is not a higher form of human being, but simply one placed in a higher position. In order to form a capable, whole man, one will have to take the same road as that for other sons of the educated classes," a sentiment which did little to endear him to the Kaiserin.[39] In gratitude for overseeing the education of his sons, Wilhelm II made Deines a Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern in 1898, as well as raising him to the rank of adjutant general.[40] At the same time, he was made commander of the 21st Division.[41]

Marriage, retirement and death

The flag of the VIII Armeekorps of the Prussian Army

On 12 July 1898, Deines was married to Katharina Helene Margarete Elsa Freiin von Falkenhausen (July 27, 1872 – January 8, 1949), the daughter of the esteemed

Frankfurt am Main on November 17, 1911, from complications following a surgery to relieve an intestinal blockage.[49] On December 10, he was buried at the Hanau Hauptfriedhof with full military honors; Prince Eitel Friedrich was in attendance as a representative of the royal family.[44] Deines' monumental tombstone in the Hanau Hauptfriedhof has been designated a cultural heritage monument by the Hessian Department of Cultural Heritage Management.[50]

Orders and decorations

German Honors:

Foreign Honors:

Publications

  • von Deines, Adolf (1876). Das Königs-Husaren-Regiment (1 Rheinisches) Nr. 7 von der Formation des Stammregiments bis zur Gegenwart. Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn.
  • von Deines, Adolf; Freiherr von Türcke, Leopold (1904). Das Husaren-Regiment König Wilhelm I (1 Rheinisches) Nr. 7 von der Formation des Stammregiments bis zur Gegenwart. Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn.

References

Citations

  1. ^ Pfeiffer 1886, p. 136.
  2. ^ a b von Witzleben 1913, p. 6.
  3. ^ von Hueck 1965, p. 106.
  4. ^ Pelda 1999, p. 35.
  5. ^ Lengemann 1996, p. 104.
  6. ^ Krieger 1999, p. 49.
  7. ^ Hessische Biografie.
  8. ^ Pfeiffer 1886, p. 96.
  9. ^ Pfeiffer 1886, pp. 103–104.
  10. ^ Pfeiffer 1886, p. 147.
  11. ^ a b c Siebert 1919, p. 36.
  12. ^ a b von Priesdorff 1942, p. 34.
  13. ^ a b c d Siebert 1919, p. 37.
  14. ^ von Deines 1876, p. 221.
  15. ^ von Bülow & Dunlop 1931, p. 196.
  16. ^ von Deines (1876, p. 318)
  17. ^ Hughes 1987, p. 185.
  18. ^ von Priesdorff 1942, p. 37.
  19. ^ Hull 1982, p. 225.
  20. ^ Schubert 1903, p. 544.
  21. ^ Robles Muñoz 1999, p. 1041.
  22. ^ von Priesdorff 1942, p. 36.
  23. ^ von Witzleben 1913, p. 179.
  24. ^ a b Hadley 2015, p. 108.
  25. ^ Hull (1982, p. 211)
  26. ^ von Schlözer 1914, p. 36143.
  27. ^ Dawson 1927, p. 207.
  28. ^ Hollyday 1968, p. 59.
  29. ^ von Witzleben 1913, p. 154.
  30. ^ Feder 1932, p. 64.
  31. ^ Van der Kiste 1990, p. 86.
  32. ^ a b Rosner 1922, p. 29.
  33. ^ Hull 1982, p. 206.
  34. ^ a b c Weinland 2001.
  35. ^ Dreher 1908, p. 10487.
  36. ^ Hervier 1916, p. 206.
  37. ^ Rosner 1922, p. 30.
  38. ^ von Deines 1892.
  39. ^ von Witzleben 1913, p. 217.
  40. ^ von Hueck 1965, p. 110.
  41. ^ von Witzleben 1913, p. 250.
  42. ^ Justus Perthes 1907, p. 186.
  43. ^ The Prussian Machine.
  44. ^ a b c d Siebert 1919, p. 38.
  45. ^ von Schlözer 1914, p. 308.
  46. ^ Bertkau 1908, p. 257.
  47. ^ von Priesdorff 1942, p. 38.
  48. ^ von Witzleben 1913, p. 279.
  49. ^ von Witzleben 1913, p. 281.
  50. ^ Krumm 2006, p. 156.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h Rangliste de Königlich Preußischen Armee 1910, p. 6.
  52. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1877, p. 201.
  53. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1886, p. 470.
  54. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1877, p. 27.
  55. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1895, p. 17.
  56. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1877, p. 90.
  57. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1895, p. 101.
  58. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1895, p. 103.
  59. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1877, p. 109.
  60. ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste 1895, p. 160.
  61. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden 1910, p. 187.
  62. ^ von Witzleben 1913, p. 266.
  63. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen 1900, p. 47.
  64. ^ Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen 1901, p. 165.
  65. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg 1907, p. 53.
  66. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie 1886, p. 109.
  67. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie 1886, p. 193.
  68. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie 1886, p. 73.
  69. ^ Rouvez 1905, p. 76.
  70. ^ Guía Oficial de España 1910, p. 194.
  71. ^ a b Fritz Rudolf Künker 2012, p. 182.

Sources

  • Bertkau, Friedrich (1908). Geschichte des 6. Rheinischen Infanterie-Regiments Nr. 68. Coblenz: W. Groos.
  • von Bülow, Bernhard; Dunlop, Gregory (1931). Memoirs of Prince Von Bulow: From the Morocco Crisis to Resignation, 1903-1909. Vol. 2. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
  • Dawson, Douglas (1927). A Soldier-Diplomat. London: John Murray.
  • von Deines, Adolf (1876). Das Königs-Husaren-Regiment (1 Rheinisches) Nr. 7 von der Formation des Stammregiments bis zur Gegenwart (in German). Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn.
  • "Deines, Johann Friedrich", Hessische Biografie
  • von Deines, Adolf (September 22, 1892). "Court life" (in German). Letter to Ludwig von Deines.
  • Dreher, William C. (1908). "The Training of Prince: The Method Whereby the German Emperor has his Successor Prepared for Kingship". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. May 1908–October 1908. Vol. XVI. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company.
  • "Eisernes Kreuz von 1870", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 3, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1877 – via hathitrust.org
  • Feder, E, ed. (1932). Bismarcks großes Spiel (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Societäts-Verlag.
  • Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrlichen Häuser (in German). Gotha: Justus Perthes. 1907.
  • "Großherzogliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (in German), Karlsruhe, 1910{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Großherzogliche Hausorden", Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen/Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (in German), Weimar: Böhlau, 1900
  • Hadley, Tim (2015). Military Diplomacy in the Dual Alliance: German Military Attaché Reporting from Vienna, 1879–1914. London: Lexington Books.
  • Hervier, Paul Louis (1916). The Two Williams: Studies of the Kaiser and the Crown Prince. London: Eveleigh Nash.
  • Hollyday, Frederic B. M. (March 1968). "'Love Your Enemies! Otherwise Bite Them!' Bismarck, Herbert, and the Morier Affair, 1888-1889". Central European History. 1 (1): 56–79.
    S2CID 145064158
    .
  • Howard, Ethel (1915). Potsdam Princes. New York: E. P. Dutton & Company.
  • von Hueck, Walter (1965). Genealogischen Handbuch Adelige Häuser B (in German). Vol. 10. Limburg: Starke.
  • Hughes, Daniel J. (1987). The King's Finest: A Social and Bureaucratic Profile of Prussia's General Officers, 1871-1914. New York: Praeger.
  • Hull, Isabel V. (1982). The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1888–1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Van der Kiste, John (1990). Kaiser Wilhelm II: Germany's Last Emperor. Bodmin: Sutton Publishing.
  • Krieger, Dieter (1999). Hessisches Wappenbuch. Familienwappen (in German). Vol. 1. Limburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901 (in German). Dresden: Heinrich. 1901 – via hathitrust.org.
  • Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1895 – via hathitrust.org
  • "Königliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (in German), Stuttgart: Landesamt, 1907
  • Krumm, Carolin, ed. (2006). Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen – Stadt Hanau. Hrsg.: Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen (in German). Wiesbaden: Theiss.
  • Lengemann, Jochen (1996). MdL Hessen 1808–1996: Biographischer Index. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Hessen (in German). Vol. 48, 7. Marburg: N.G. Elwert.
  • "Ludwig Alexander Friedrich August Philipp Freiherr von Falkenhausen". The Prussian Machine. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  • Pelda, Dieter (1999). Die Abgeordneten des Preussischen Kommunallandtags in Kassel 1867-1933. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Hessen (in German). Vol. 48, 8. Marburg: N.G. Elwert.
  • Pfeiffer, August Ludwig (1886). Die Familie Pfeiffer: Eine Sammlung von Lebensbildern und Stammbäumen (in German). Kassel: Druck von Friedr. Scheel.
  • von Priesdorff, Kurt (1942). Soldatisches Führertum. Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt (in German). Vol. 10. Hamburg: Hanseat. Verl. Anst.
  • Rangliste de Königlich Preußischen Armee (in German), Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, 1910 – via hathitrust.org
  • "Real Orden de Isabel la Católica". Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish). 1910. p. 194.
  • "Ritter-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, Vienna: Druck und Verlag der K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1910, pp. 73, 109, 193
  • Robles Muñoz, Cristóbal (1999). "Guerra de Melilla y Reajustes en Europa (1893-1894)". Hispania (in Spanish). 59 (203): 1033–1061.
    S2CID 140853182
    .
  • Rosner, Karl, ed. (1922). Erinnerungen des Kronprinzen Wilhelm. Aus den Aufzeichnungen, Dokumenten, Tagebüchern und Gesprächen (in German). Stuttgart.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Rother Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
  • Rouvez, A.-Th. (1905). Le Jubilé National de 1905: Compte rendu des Fêtes et Cérémonies qui ont eu lieu dans les Villes et Communes de Belgique a l'occasion du Jubilé National (in French). Bruxelles: Vromant & Co.
  • Röhl, John C. G. (2004). Wilhelm II: The Kaiser's Personal Monarchy, 1888-1900. Translated by de Bellaigue, Sheila. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • von Schlözer, Leopold (1914). Generalfeldmarschall Freiherr von Loë: Ein militärisches Zeit- und Lebensbild (in German). Stuttgart & Berlin: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
  • Schubert, Ernst, ed. (1903). "Aus Aller Welt — Heer und Flotte". Über Land und Meer. Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger. p. 544.
  • Siebert, Karl (1919). Hanauer Biographien aus Drei Jahrhunderten (in German). Vol. 1. Hanau: Verlag des Hanauer Geschichtsvereins.
  • "Urkunden, Dokumente, Statuten". Orden und Ehrenzeichen - Auktion 215. Osnabrück: Fritz Rudolf Künker Verlag. 2012. p. 182.
  • Weinland, Martina, ed. (2001). Im Dienste Preußens - wer erzog Prinzen zu Königen? Ausstellung 12. Oktober 2001 bis 6. Januar 2002, Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin, Märkisches Museum, Landesausstellung Berlin-Brandenburg "Preußen 2001". Hrsg. von der Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin. Mit zahlr. auch farb. Abb (in German). Berlin: Henschel.
  • von Witzleben, Erich (1913). Adolf von Deines. Lebensbild 1845-1911 (in German). Berlin: Liebel.
Political offices
Preceded by German military attaché in Madrid
January 1885–March 1887 		Succeeded by
Oberst Fincke
Preceded by German military attaché in Vienna
March 1887–1894 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Deines&oldid=1204999654"