Agenor Maria Gołuchowski
Count Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal | |
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Personal details | |
Born | 25 March 1849 Agenor Gołuchowski |
Count Agenor Maria Adam Gołuchowski (25 March 1849 – 28 March 1921) was a Polish
Early life
He was a son of Count
Entering the diplomatic service, the son was in 1872 appointed attaché to the Austrian embassy in Berlin, where he became secretary of legation, and thence he was transferred to Paris. After rising to the rank of counsellor of legation, he was in 1887 made minister at Bucharest, where he remained until 1893.[2]
Career
In these positions he acquired a great reputation as a firm and skilful diplomatist, and on the retirement of
This understanding was formally ratified during a visit to
The understanding with Russia in the matter of the Balkan states temporarily endangered friendly relations with Italy, who thought her interests threatened, until Gołuchowski guaranteed in 1898 the existing order. He further encouraged a good understanding with Italy by personal conferences with the Italian foreign minister, Tommaso Tittoni, in 1904 and 1905.[3]
Count
By the Hungarians, however, Gołuchowski was hated; he was suspected of having inspired the emperor's opposition to the use of Magyar in the Hungarian army, and was made responsible for the slight offered to the Magyar deputation by Franz Joseph I of Austria in September 1905. So long as he remained in office there was no hope of arriving at a settlement of a matter which threatened the disruption of the Dual Monarchy, and on the 11 October 1906 he was forced to resign.[4]
From 1895, he was also a conservative member of the
Once
Personal life
Gołuchowski was married to Princess Anna Napoléona Karolina Alexandrine Murat (1863–1940), a daughter of
- Agenor Maria Gołuchowski (1886–1956), who married
- Wojciech Maria Agenor Gołuchowski (1888–1960), who married
- Karol Gołuchowski
He died in Lwów on 29 March 1921.[10]
Honours
He received the following orders and decorations:[11][12]
- Austria-Hungary:
- Knight of the Iron Crown, 3rd Class, 1878; 1st Class, 1893
- Commander of the Order of Franz Joseph, with Star, 1883
- Knight of the Golden Fleece, 1896
- Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1897; in Diamonds, 1906
- Tuscan Grand Ducal Family: Grand Cross of St. Joseph
- Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Knight of Honour and Devotion, 1871; Bailiff Grand Cross, 1896
- Russian Empire:
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, in Diamonds, 1896
- Knight of St. Andrew, in Diamonds, 1897
- Kingdom of Prussia:
- Knight of the Royal Crown Order, 4th Class, 10 September 1872[13]
- Knight of the Red Eagle, 1st Class, 1896
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 30 April 1896;[14] in Diamonds, 1900
- United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 9 October 1903[15]
- Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, with Collar, 7 November 1897[16]
- Spain: Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III, with Collar, 19 October 1906[17]
- Kingdom of Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1897
- Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1897
- Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1900
- Grand Cross of St. Gregory the Great, 1894
- Ottoman Empire: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class in Diamonds, 1902
- Persian Empire: Order of the August Portrait, in Diamonds
- Sweden-Norway: Knight of the Seraphim, 25 February 1904[18]
- Qing dynasty: Order of the Double Dragon, Class I Grade III, 1902; with Pearls, 1905
- Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword, 1897
- Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 1903
- Kingdom of Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer, 1902
- Kingdom of Romania:
- Grand Cross of the Star of Romania, 1894; in Diamonds, 1896
- Grand Cross of the Crown of Romania, 1894
- Kingdom of Serbia: Grand Cross of the White Eagle
- Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun, 1896; with Paulownia Flowers, 1898
- , 1897
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1901
- Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown
- Ethiopian Empire: Grand Cross of the Star of Ethiopia
- Parmese Ducal Family: Grand Cross of the Constantinian Order of St. George
- Principality of Montenegro: Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I
- Grand Cross of St. Alexander, 1897
- France:
- Commander of the Legion of Honour, 1872
- Officer of the Ordre des Palmes académiques, 1872
Notes
- Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911, p. 227.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 227–228.
- ^ a b Chisholm 1911, p. 228.
- ISBN 3-205-00527-9, S. 232-233 und 239
- ISBN 978-1-55753-140-7. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ISBN 978-83-89188-46-5. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Wojciech Maria Agenor Gołuchowski". www.biogramy.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ "Gołuchowski Wojciech Maria Agenor". bs.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 297. .
- ^ "Gemeinsame (Reichs-) Ministerien, Heer, Kriegsmarine und Gemeinsamer Oberster Rechnungshof", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1906, p. 247, retrieved 14 April 2021
- ^ Jerzy Sewer Dunin-Borkowski (1908), Almanach Błękitny, Warsaw, pp. 373, 376–377
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1886, p. 832 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Gedruckt in der Reichsdruckerei, 1895, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ The London Gazette, issue 27604, p. 6148
- ^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
- ^ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III". Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish). 1907. p. 150. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 441, retrieved 2020-07-20 – via runeberg.org
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Goluchowski, Agenor, Count". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 227–228. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the