Alocodon

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Alocodon
Temporal range: Late Jurassic, Oxfordian
Specimen IPFUB P X 1, the holotype tooth of A. kuehnei
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: †Ornithischia
Genus: †Alocodon
Thulborn, 1973[1]
Species:
†A. kuehnei
Binomial name
†Alocodon kuehnei
Thulborn, 1973

Alocodon is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur known from multiple teeth from the Middle or Late Jurassic Cabaços Formation of Portugal, and also the Forest Marble and Chipping Norton Formations of England. A single species is known, A. kuehnei.[1]

Discovery and naming

The taxon was first described in

Chipping Norton Formations of England have been assigned to as cf. Alocodon sp. based on similarity.[3][4]

Classification

Alocodon was originally referred to as a member of the

Lawrence M. Witmer, as an indeterminate member of Ornithischia outside Ornithopoda.[7] While a basal ornithischian position outside Ornithopoda was retained by Paul Sereno in 1991, it was considered a possibly valid taxon based on its broad central denticle.[8]

José Ruiz-Omeñaca reclassified Alocodon in 1999, based on a reconsideration of features and classifications specified previously. Though it had similarities to ornithopod, Ruiz-Omeñaca instead placed it within Thyreophora as an intermediate taxon, as the tooth crown was asymmetrical, with the cingulum on one side higher than the other, and no ridges present on the crown.[9] Weishampel, Witmer and colleague David B. Norman followed their 1990 opinion on Alocodon in 2004, though they noted that further study could potentially support the validity of the taxon.[10] Features of the teeth identified by José I. Canudo and colleagues in 2004 instead supported a more specific position for Alocodon, as a member of Ankylosauria. Canudo et al. based this assignment on the anatomy of the denticles and cingulum of the crown.[11] A denticulate cingulum present in Alocodon was also identified as an ankylosaur feature, by Paul M. Barrett and colleagues in 2010, though more material was considered necessary to verify the importance of the feature.[12] Alocodon was considered an ornithopod by Filippo M. Rotatori and colleagues in 2020.[13][4] Because of its incomplete nature, Alocodon has been excluded from phylogenetic analyses.[14]

Paleoecology

A diversity of fauna is known from the Praia de Pedrógão locality alongside Alocodon, including the

theropod also indicate their presence in the locality.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Thulborn, R.A. (1973). "Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal". Memórias dos Serviços Geológicos de Portugal. 22: 89–134.
  2. ^
    doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00190.x
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-520-25408-4
    .
  4. ^ a b c d de Carvalho, C.N. (2020). "Notícia sobre a descoberta de pegadas de dinossáurios no Jurássico da Praia de Pedrógão (Leiria)". Boletim do Centro Português de Geo-História e Pré-História. 2 (1): 11–16.
  5. S2CID 84613826
    .
  6. ^ Galton, P.M. (1983). "The Cranial Anatomy of Dryosaurus, a Hypsilophodontid Dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and East Africa , with a Review of Hypsilophodontids from the Upper Jurassic of North America". Geologica et Palaeontologica. 17: 207–243.
  7. ISBN 978-0-520-06726-4
    .
  8. doi:10.1080/02724634.1991.10011386
    .
  9. ^ Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. (1999). "Dinosaurios hipsilofodóntidos (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) en la Península Ibérica". Actas de las I Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno: 175–266.
  10. ISBN 978-0-520-25408-4
    .
  11. ^ Canudo, J.I.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I.; Cuenca-Bescós, G. (2004). "Los primeros dientes de Anquilosaurio (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) descritos en el Cretácico Inferior de España". Revista Española de Paleontología. 19 (1): 33–46.
  12. S2CID 128882257
    .
  13. S2CID 146510209
    .
  14. S2CID 86728076
    .
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