Anah

Coordinates: 34°22′20″N 41°59′15″E / 34.37222°N 41.98750°E / 34.37222; 41.98750
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the Iraqi town of Anah. For the district, see
Anah (biblical figure)
.
Anah
عانة
UTC+3
(GMT+3)
Postal code
31005

Anah or Ana (

Hīt
.

Name

The town was called (d)Ha-na-atKI in cuneiform texts from the

Isidore Charax and Anatha to Ammianus Marcellinus; early Arabic writers described it variously as ʾĀna or (as if plural) ʾĀnāt.[5][clarification needed
]

History

Antiquity

The earliest references to Anah are probably found in letters of the period of Zimri-Lim of Mari.

Under

Sūḫu. Later, the town was under Assyrian
rule.

At the beginning of the 8th century BC, Šamaš-rēša-uṣur and his son Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur succeeded in creating an independent political entity, and called themselves "governors of Sūḫu and Mari".

Falluja in the southeast to the area of Ḫindanu (modern Tell Jabiriyah, near Al-Qa'im) in the northwest.[7] Important evidence for this period was recovered during English and Iraqi salvage excavation campaigns at Sur Jurʿeh and on the island of ʿAna (Anah) in the early 1980s.[2][8][9]

Pylae,[10] which likely intends Anah.[citation needed
]

Anatha was the site where the Roman emperor

Sassanid Empire. He got possession of the place and relocated its inhabitants.[5]

Middle Ages

Minaret of Anah, Abbasid era heritage site, before its destruction.

In 657, during the

Arab tribes.[12]

Ottoman rule

Starting around 1535, the town served as the de facto capital of the Abu Rish

Leonhart Rauwolff found the town divided into two parts, the Turkish "so surrounded by the river that you cannot go into it but by boats" and the larger Arab section along one of the banks. In 1610, Texeira said Anah lay on both banks of the river, with which Pietro Della Valle agreed.[15] In that year, Della Valle found the Scot George Strachan resident at Anah, working as the physician to the emir and studying Arabic;[16] he also found some "sun worshippers" (actually Alawites) still living there.[17] Della Valle and Texeira called Anah the principal Arab town on the Euphrates, controlling a major route west from Baghdad and territory reaching Palmyra.[5]

About 1750, the

Baghdad Vilayet.[12]

At the beginning of the 19th century,

W. F. Ainsworth, chronicling the British Euphrates expedition, reported that in 1835 the Arabs inhabited the northwest part of the town, the Christians the center, and the Jews the southeast.[20] The same year, the steamer Tigris went down in a storm just above Anah, near where Julian's force had suffered from a similar storm.[5]

By the mid-19th century, the houses were separated from one another by fruit gardens, which also filled the riverine islands near the town.

Sunni Muslim Arabs, though a small Jewish community lived on the town's southern edge.[22]

Mosque in Anah

Kingdom of Iraq

In 1918, the town was captured by British forces and by 1921, became incorporated into the

Anizzah, while to the east the Jarba branch of the Shammar held sway.[12]

Most of Anah's building were located among a dense belt of date palms and was "reckoned as healthy and picturesque", according to historian S. H. Longrigg.[12] The date palms were irrigated by water wheels.[12] There were also more scattered dwelling in the mid-stream islands of the Euphrates near the town center.[12] The women of the town were well known for their beauty and the weaving of cotton and wool textiles.[12] The men, many of whom were compelled to emigrate to lack of living space, were largely engaged as boatmen and transporters of water to Baghdad. The town had relatively high educational standards, with eight schools built there by 1946.[12]

F. R. Chesney reported about 1800 houses, two mosques, and 16 waterwheels. One minaret is particularly old. Northedge reported the locals commonly attributed it to the 11th century but opined that it was more likely from about a century after that. It rose from one of the islands and belonged to the local mosque. Dr. Muayad Said described it as an octagonal body "enhanced by alcoves, some of which are blind" and noted earlier conservation work undertaken in 1935, 1963 and 1964. When the valley was flooded by the Haditha Dam
in 1984/85, the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities cut it into sections and removed it to the new Anah, where it was re-erected to a height of 28 meters (92 ft) at the end of the 1980s.

ISIS captured the town in 2014.[23] On September 19, 2017, an offensive to retake the town from ISIS control began.[24] After two days of fighting the town was recaptured by the Iraqi army.[25]

Climate

Anah has a

hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification
BWh). Most rain falls in the winter. The average annual temperature in Anah is 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). About 127 mm (5.00 in) of precipitation falls annually.

Climate data for Anah
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 12.7
(54.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.5
(70.7) 		27.0
(80.6) 		34.1
(93.4) 		38.5
(101.3) 		41.2
(106.2) 		41.0
(105.8) 		37.9
(100.2) 		31.7
(89.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		14.1
(57.4) 		28.2
(82.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		4.6
(40.3) 		7.8
(46.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		21.8
(71.2) 		24.4
(75.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.7
(58.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		3.2
(37.8) 		13.4
(56.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 21
(0.8) 		18
(0.7) 		19
(0.7) 		21
(0.8) 		5
(0.2) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		6
(0.2) 		13
(0.5) 		24
(0.9) 		127
(5.0)
Source: climate-data.org

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Baynes (1878).
  2. ^
    OCLC 24430256
    .
  3. ^ Albert Kirk Grayson (1991). Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114–859 BC). University of Toronto Press. pp. 38, 43, 174.
  4. ^ Albert Kirk Grayson (1991). Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114–859 BC). University of Toronto Press. p. 213.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hogg (1911).
  6. ^ Cavigneaux, A., and B.K. Ismail, 'Die Statthalter von Suḫu und Mari im 8. Jh. v. Chr. anhand neuer Texte aus den irakischen Grabungen im Staugebiet des Qadissiya-Damms', Baghdader Mitteilungen 21 (1990), pp. 321–456 + pls. 35–38.
  7. ^ Bartelmus, Alexa (2016). "'A Short Introduction on the Sūḫu Texts', Suhu: The Inscriptions of Suhu online Project, The Suhu Inscriptions Project". Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  8. S2CID 249896016
    .
  9. S2CID 249895688
    .
  10. ^ Xenophon, Anabasis.
  11. ^ Tabari I. 3261.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Longrigg, p. 461.
  13. ^ Yaqut, iii. 593f.
  14. ISBN 978-90-04-37902-2
    .pp. 86-108
  15. ^ Della Valle, i. 671.
  16. ^ Della Valle, i. 671–681.
  17. ISBN 9780691173894
    .pp. 24-25
  18. ^ Olivier (1807).
  19. ^ Olivier (1807), p. 451.
  20. ^ Ainsworth (1888).
  21. ^ Von Oppenheim, 1893.
  22. ^ a b A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III: Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian Desert. Admiralty and War Office, Division of Intelligence. January 1917. pp. 351–352.
  23. ^ Alissa J. Rubin (22 June 2014). Sunni Militants Capture Iraq's Last Major Border Post With Syria The New York Times
  24. ^ "Iraq 'attacks IS bastion on Syria border'". BBC News. 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
  25. ^ "Iraq: the town of Anah in western Anbar has been completely cleared by the ISF, next town is Rawa, after that al-Qaim and then the border - News from war on ISIS in English from Iraq, Syria - Deir ez-Zur operation, Raqqa operation - isis.liveuamap.com". News from war on ISIS in English from Iraq, Syria - Deir ez-Zur operation, Raqqa operation - isis.liveuamap.com. Retrieved 2017-10-17.

References

Attribution:

External links

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