Tuz Khurmatu
Tuz Khurmatu | |
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Tuz Khurmatu (
Etymology
The name of the city is in the local Iraqi Turkmen dialect, meaning salt and dates.[8]
History
Kirkuk Air Base
, Iraq, July 8, 2007. The victim was hurt in an attack in Tuz Khurmatu.Naphtha, oil and asphalt was found in the town in the 18th century.[9]
The city was populated by both Kurds and Turkmens in the 19th century. Claudius Rich visited the town in 1820 and stated that the town had a population of 50,000. In 1882 Major General Gerard visited the town and stated that the town had a bazaar, 300 houses, 100 regulars and 30 zaptiyehs.[10] The town was captured by United Kingdom in May 1918 and were met with joy from the locals. The local Hamawand tribe would offer their assistance to secure the area.[11]
In 1925, Tuz Khurmatu’s population was entirely Turkmen, except for some Jewish families (35 out of 405 families).[12]
40% of the population was Kurdish in the 1947 census.[13]
In 1991,
1991 Iraqi uprising before being suppressed by the Ba'athist Iraqi army.[15]
Operation Iraqi Freedom
- On June 2, 2005, at least 12 people were killed and at least 40 wounded in an explosion targeting a restaurant.[16]
- On June 23, 2005, a car bomb detonated by remote control hit an Iraqi police patrol, killing one policeman and wounding 7 civilians.[17]
- On September 20, 2005, insurgents detonated a car bomb targeting Shiite worshippers as they were exiting the Hussainiyat al-Rasoul al-Azam mosque, killing at least 10 and wounding 21 others.[18]
- On March 14, 2007, a suicide bomber struck a market and killing 8 and wounding 25.[19]
Operation New Dawn
- On September 7, 2010, the first US casualties after President Barack Obama declared an end to US combat operations took place near the city when Iraqi insurgents killed 2 US military personnel.[20]
Post-U.S. withdrawal and Iraqi Civil War
- On October 27, 2012, a car bombing next to a building owned by a
- On December 17, 2012, two consecutive car bombings hit a residential area near the city's General Hospital, killing 11 civilians and injuring 45 others. The attacks were part of a country-wide wave of violence that killed almost 100 people in a single day.[22]
- On January 16, 2013, a suicide car bombing at the offices of the Kurdistan Democratic Party killed 5 and injured 40 others.[23][24]
- On January 23, 2013, a suicide bomber blew himself up during a funeral for a politician's relative in the city, killing 42 and leaving 75 others wounded.[25][26]
- In November 2015, the town experienced clashes between the Kurdish
- On November 28, 2015, an ISIL suicide bomber bombed a town checkpoint, killing 6.[30]
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tuz Khurmatu.
References
- ^ "Tuzhurmatu'da Türkmen - Kürt dayanışması nasıl bozuldu?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ "Tuzhurmatu'ya 15 yıl aradan sonra Türkmen kaymakam atandı". www.aa.com.tr (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ "Gelê Duz Xurmatû: Em ê destûrê nedin dagirkeriyê". ANF News (in Kurdish). Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ "لیژنەی ناوچە كوردستانییهکانی دەرەوەی ئیدارەی ھەرێم لهگهڵ نوێنەرانی خهڵكی زیانلێکەتووی دووزخورماتوو كۆبووهوه". Parliament of Kurdistan (in Kurdish). Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ [1] Archived 2017-02-18 at the Wayback Machine Arab-Kurd conflict heats up after Tuz Khormato incidents
- ^ [2] Archived 2017-09-17 at the Wayback Machine Tuz Khurmatu: Atrocities against Iraqi Turkmen on the Rise
- ^ "Iraqi Turkmen". Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ "Iraq's Tuz Khurmatu: A town rich in history and conflict | Nermeen Mufti". AW. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
- ^ Rasoul, Rasoul Muhammed (2017). "History of Kirkuk from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century until Becoming Part of the Iraqi Monarchy in 1925" (PDF). University of Erfurt: 188. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Rasoul, Rasoul Muhammed (2017). "History of Kirkuk from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century until Becoming Part of the Iraqi Monarchy in 1925" (PDF). University of Erfurt: 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Rasoul, Rasoul Muhammed (2017). "History of Kirkuk from the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century until Becoming Part of the Iraqi Monarchy in 1925" (PDF). University of Erfurt: 137. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Question of the Frontier between Turkey and Iraq - League of Nations" (PDF). 20 August 1925. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ^ C. J. Edmonds (1957). Kurds, Turks and Arabs, Politics, Travel and Research in North-Eastern Iraq, 1919-1925. Oxford University Press. p. 438. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
- ^ Ihsan, Mohammad, Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003, pp. 26–27
- ISBN 1-56432-069-3. Archivedfrom the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
- ^ "20 dead in Iraq bombings". The Guardian. 2 June 2005. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ^ "Car bombs kill nearly 40 people in Baghdad – International Herald Tribune". Archived from the original on 2007-05-21. Retrieved 2007-03-14.
- ^ "Microsoft PowerPoint – Eye on Iraq Sep 20, 2005 – English" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 15, 2007. Retrieved March 14, 2007.
- ^ "Iraqi president returns after treatment - Yahoo! News". Archived from the original on 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Iraqi soldier fires on US troops, kills 2". Archived from the original on 2010-09-14. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Killing and wounding 12 civilians east of Tikrit (NINA News Agency)". Archived from the original on 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
- ^ "BREAKING NEWS. 25 people killed and wounded in bombings series in Tuz district. (NINA News Agency)". Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
- ^ "Bombers kill more than 35 across Iraq". Trust.org. Reuters. 2013-01-15. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
- ^ Margaret Griffis (2013-01-16). "Iraq Slaughter: 55 Killed, 288 Wounded". Antiwar.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
- ^ Marwan Ibrahim (2013-01-23). "Iraq suicide bomb at Shiite mosque kills 42". Archived from the original on 2013-02-16. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
- ^ Margaret Griffis (2013-01-23). "At least 51 Killed, 98 Wounded in Iraq Attacks". Antiwar.com. Archived from the original on 2020-05-04. Retrieved 2013-01-24.
- ^ "Eleven dead as tensions flare in Tuz Khurmatu". Kurdistan24. 2015-11-15. Archived from the original on 2015-11-20. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
- ^ "Absent government, fragile truce holds in Tuz Khurmatu". Iraq Oil Report. 18 November 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ^ Joel Wing (20 January 2016). "MUSINGS ON IRAQ". Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ^ "Suicide bomber kills 6 in flashpoint town". Yahoo! News. 2015-11-28. Archived from the original on 2015-12-24. Retrieved 2016-01-11.