Ante Marković

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Ante Marković
Marković in 1990
27th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
President of the Federal Executive Council
In office
16 March 1989 – 20 December 1991
President
Deputy
Preceded byBranko Mikulić
Succeeded by
President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia
In office
10 May 1986 – 10 May 1988
Prime MinisterAntun Milović
Preceded byEma Derossi-Bjelajac
Succeeded byIvo Latin
President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia
In office
10 May 1982 – 10 May 1986
President
  • Marijan Cvetković (1982–1983)
  • Milutin Baltić (1983–1984)
  • Jakša Petrić (1984–1985)
  • Pero Car (1985)
  • Ema Derossi-Bjelajac (1985–1986)
Preceded byPetar Fleković
Succeeded byAntun Milović
Personal details
Born(1924-11-25)25 November 1924
Konjic, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Died28 November 2011(2011-11-28) (aged 87)
Zagreb, Croatia
NationalityCroat
Political party
Alma materUniversity of Zagreb

Ante Marković (pronounced [ǎːnte mǎːrkoʋit͡ɕ]; 25 November 1924 – 28 November 2011)[1][2] was a Croatian and Yugoslav politician, businessman and engineer. He is most notable for having served as the last Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1991.[3]

Early life

Marković, was a

Electrotechnical Department of the Technical Faculty of the University of Zagreb in 1954. He remained in Zagreb, where he was a director of Rade Končar Industrial Works from 1961 to 1984.[5]

Political career

President of Croatia

In 1986, he became president of the Presidency of

Ema Derosi-Bjelajac. He held that position until 1988, when he was replaced by Ivo Latin
.

Prime Minister of Yugoslavia

Marković meeting with U.S. President George H. W. Bush in the White House, 1989
Marković meeting with President of the European Commission Jacques Delors in Brussels, 8 March 1990

He became prime minister in March 1989 following the

economic reforms was a halt to inflation, leading to a rise in Yugoslavia's standard of living. Nonetheless, the short-term effect of economic reforms undertaken by Marković led to a decline in Yugoslavia's industrial sector. Numerous bankruptcies occurred as socially-owned enterprises struggled to compete in a more free market environment
, a fact later wielded against Marković by many of his opponents. By 1990, the annual rate of growth in GDP had declined to −7.5%.

Marković was the most popular politician in

Yugoslavia to be transformed into a modern, democratic federation. Marković also maintained popularity by staying out of increasingly virulent quarrels within the leadership of League of Communists of Yugoslavia
or trying to act as mediator between various republics.

When the

accession to the European Community
.

This decision was not well received. Borisav Jović, then the President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia, commented

The general conclusion is that Ante Markovic is no longer acceptable or reliable to us. No one has any doubts in their mind any longer that he's the extended arm of the United States in terms of overthrowing anyone who ever thinks of socialism, and it is through our votes that we appointed him Prime Minister in the Assembly. He is playing the most dangerous game of treason.[8]

Jović concluded that Marković

was no doubt the most active creator of the destruction of our economy, and to a large extent a significant participant in the break-up of Yugoslavia. Others, when boasted of having broken up Yugoslavia wanted to take this infamous role upon themselves but in all these respects they never came close to what Marković did, who had declared himself as the protagonist of Yugoslavia's survival[8]

Later, his programme was sabotaged by Slobodan Milošević who

had virtually sealed Markovic's failure by December 1990 by secretly securing an illegal loan worth $1.7 billion from Serbia's main bank to ease his reelection that month. The loan undermined Markovic's economic austerity program, undoing the progress that had been made toward controlling the country's inflation rate.[9]

Christopher Bennet, in Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse, stated:[10]

Quite simply, the bank printed whatever money Milošević felt he needed to get himself reelected and the size of the 'loan' became clear a few weeks later when inflation took off again throughout the country. As the economy resumed its downward slide, Marković knew his enterprise had failed [...]

The authority of the federal government was further diminished by secessionist moves in

Macedonia, ultimately failed, because the Yugoslav People's Army, which should have served the interests of top-level governance, sided with Milošević. Frustrated and politically impotent, Marković told his cabinet in September 1991 what he had gleaned from a wiretap that had come into his possession, which detailed a plan to partition Bosnia and Herzegovina:[11]

The line has been clearly established [between the Serbian government, the army and Serb politicians in Bosnia]. I know because I heard Slobodan Milošević give the order to Radovan Karadžić to get in contact with General Uzelac and to order, following the decisions of the meeting of the military hierarchy, that arms should be distributed and that the TO of Krajina and Bosnia be armed and utilized in the realization of the RAM plan.[12]

Before he resigned in December 1991, Markovic endorsed the Carrington Plan to transform Yugoslavia into a loose confederation of states as a means to prevent a further escalation of the Yugoslav Wars. In the end, all his efforts failed to stop the violent disintegration of Yugoslavia.

Assassination attempt

Approximately at noon of 7 October 1991, Marković met with

Banski dvori. Marković immediately blamed Yugoslav defense minister Veljko Kadijević, and refused to return to Belgrade until Kadijević resigned from his post.[13]

Life after 1991

Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, Marković disappeared from the public eye and decided to work in Austria as an economic adviser. In 1993, he was rumoured to be Tuđman's choice for Croatian prime minister, apparently due to his economic expertise. The post ultimately fell to Nikica Valentić, who established many of the same economic reforms that Marković did while prime minister.[14]

In the early 2000s, he worked as an economic advisor to the

Macedonian government. In the late 2000s, he worked as an economic advisor to the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina
.

Marković also dedicated himself to a business career and spent most of his time in Sarajevo, building luxury apartment buildings and small hydropower plants.[14]

He appeared as a witness at the

prime minister of Yugoslavia.[16]

Marković died in the early hours of 28 November 2011 after a short illness, aged 87.

Croatian Sabor
(parliament) also sent their condolences to the family of Ante Marković.

References

  1. ^ "Ante Markovic obituary". The Guardian. 15 December 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
  2. ^ "Umro Ante Marković" (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 28 November 2011. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  3. S2CID 251002509
    .
  4. ^ Goran Fejic (2011). "Ante Marković: the last Yugoslav leader".
  5. ^ Kristijan Zimmer (2004). "Dodijeljene Zlatne diplome i priznanja "Josip Lončar"" (in Croatian).
  6. ^ Facts on File, 27 January 1989
  7. ^ Misha Glenny, "The Massacre of Yugoslavia," New York Review of Books, 30 January 1992
  8. ^ a b "Testimony of Borisav Jović". Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević. ICTY. 20 November 2003. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  9. ISBN 978-0-313-29918-6
    .
  10. ISBN 978-1-85065-232-8
    .
  11. ^ Judah, Tim (1997). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  12. ^ Magazine Vreme, No. 48, 23 September 1991
  13. ^ a b "Yugoslav Planes Attack Croatian Presidential Palace". The New York Times. 8 October 1991. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  14. ^ a b c "Odlazak Markovića: Bio uvjeren da će dogovorima sačuvati SFRJ". Večernji list (in Croatian). 28 November 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  15. ^ "Report on Marković's testimony on ICTY". Croatian News Agency. 2003. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2006.
  16. ^ "Odlazak Markovića: Bio uvjeren da će dogovorima sačuvati SFRJ". Večernji list (in Croatian). 28 November 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  17. ^ "Ante Markovic, Last Premier of Yugoslavia, Dies at 87 – The New York Times".

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
1989–1991 		Succeeded by